• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.490-498
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• 2012

This study demonstrates the investigation of zooplankton communities (e.g. rotifers, cladocerans and copepods) and environmentally related driving factors (e.g. elevation, area size, water depth, types of dike construction, and bottom substrates). We hypothesized that zooplankton community structure and composition would be influenced by ambient driving forces in different scales of the irrigation ponds (Dumbeong). A total of 66 zooplankton species/groups (56 rotifers, 9 cladocerans, 1 copepods) were found and identified at 45 Dumbeong of Goseong region (i.e. Goseong-gun) in 2011. The rotifers occupied 84.9% of the total zooplankton abundance. We could categorize a clear separation of zooplankton communities into 4 different patterns based on cluster analysis. Zooplankton diversities in Dumbeongs were lower than those in natural ponds or wetlands. In addition, community structure of zooplankton was also simpler and had a broken stick distribution based on SHE analysis. Species composition in each Dumbeong was not significantly discriminated each other. The result of canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) pinpointed that significant influential variables upon zooplankton community were dissolved oxygen percent saturation, pH, and Dumbeong's material. This study indicated that morphological type of the Dumbeong and its water quality could determine the community structure of zooplankton. Furthermore, the connectivity between ambient habitats and materials could be necessary to be rigorously considered in respect to producing the Dumbeongs to subsidize alternative habitats for wetland ecosystem in freshwater landscape.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2008

Tidal flat, classified as wetland of coastal zone, is critical transitional zone connecting sea with land, and fulfills a variety of functions necessary for maintaining coastal ecosystem. Although it is critical to protect and strengthen its functions of coastal wetlands, tidal flat has been mainly viewed as areas for development in Korea. Therefore, this study provides with the effective mitigation measures so as to minimize adverse impacts of tidal flat reclamation projects on the proper environmental values. So far, coastal development has not considered as important the fact that development site consists of tidal flat in site selection. Therefore, large scale of tidal flats was abused. Problems were emerged only after tidal flat development was already planned. The original plan had to be revised. To rectify the problem, impacts of development on the environment need to be discussed based on the initial development planning. Particularly, sandy beaches, rocky shores and shallow areas, underwater forest including seagrass beds as well as the tidal flat in good condition should be excluded from development site.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.567-572
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• 2013

Mammals act as an important role in maintaining ecosystem, but direct observation is very difficult. Nevertheless, in order to understand the impact of various changes about a sudden environment, long-term monitoring through direct investigation is essential. This study investigated home range analysis using GPS tracking device and behavioral ecology of Korean waterdeer (Hydropotes inermis), indigenous and native species in Korea. Studies on ecological characteristics and home range of Korean waterdeer are insufficient. Therefore, we studied home range using the GPS technique for critical point of existing research. Data showed the active movement in daytime ($44.1km^2$) than night ($30.0km^2$) and large area of activity in winter ($3.7km^2$) and spring ($44.1km^2$) than summer($0.04km^2$) and autumn ($0.01km^2$). The most used area of Korean waterdeer was forested area and wetland, agricultural area, waters in order of frequency based on the land coverage map. Our research represents overall characteristics of Korean water deer due to measurement of area of activity. However, this research signified behavioral ecology for Korean waterdeer, and further investigation in necessary.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.377-389
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• 2010

Understanding the factors relevant to endangerment and the patterns of habitat locations in relation to protected areas is critically important for the conservation of rare species. Although 64 plant species have recently been listed as endangered species in Korea, this information has, until now, not been available, making appropriate management and conservation strategies impossible to devise. Thus, we collected information on potentially threatening factors, as well as information on the locations in which these species were observed. The potentially threatening factors were classified into seven categories. National parks, provincial parks, ecosystem conservation areas, and wetland conservation areas were defined as protected conservation areas. Korean digital elevation model data, along with the maps of all protected areas were combined with the maps of endangered plant species, and analyzed via Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Excluding the category of "small population", endangered plant species in Korea were associated more frequently with extrinsic factors than intrinsic factors. Considering land surface only, all conservation areas in Korea totaled 4.9% of the land, far lower than International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)'s 10% coverage target. At the species level, 69% of the endangered plant species were detected in conservation areas, mostly in national parks. However, this result demonstrates that 31% of endangered species inhabit areas outside the conservation zones. Furthermore, at the habitat level, a large proportion of endangered species were found to reside in unprotected areas, revealing "gaps" in protected land. In the face of rapid environmental changes such as population increases, urbanization, and climate changes, converting these gap areas to endangered species' habitats, or at least including them in habitat networks, will help to perpetuate the existence of endangered species.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2013

Eulsukdo located in the Nakdong Estuary plays important role in ecosystem and coastal wetland. There have been various changes in Eulsukdo up to now. Recently, we expect a great change of the western part of shoreline in Eulsukdo due to the floodgate construction but there is few databases. In this study, shorelines were digitized after we had produced the ortho-images by using aerial photos taken for 30 years(8 times). SCE, NSM and EPR were analysed by DSAS 4.2 program using vector data. In addition, the changes of shoreline were analysed in October 2011 from before Eulsukdo water gate construction to now by adding field surveying with VRS. The amount of years shoreline change is -0.34m/yr in 2009(before water gate construction) and -0.50m/yr in 2011(during the water gate construction), and the change trend shows an accumulation aspect.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.275-289
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• 2011

We investigated the hydrological and geomorphological characteristics of small irrigation ponds in civilian control zone of Paju city in Korea. Among 85 small irrigation ponds, water level of 52 ponds changed seasonally and that of 33 was constant. Water sources of 12 ponds were surface water, 29 surface water and ground water, and 44 ground water. 4 ponds locate in the edges of forests, 33 in flat-lands, and 48 in valleys. Water in 45 ponds was exchanged with paddy fields and 40 ponds were isolated from paddy fields. Endangered or endemic species were inhabited in 26 ponds, which have ground water as water source and constant water level. Based on these characteristics, we suggested 4 types of small irrigation ponds: spring, water exchanging, stagnant/spring, stagnant water. This classification system will help ecosystem managers to investigate ponds systematically and manage them based on pond type.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.1-16
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• 2011

This study was intended to develop and suggest 'residents-driven and citizen-participatory restoration procedures' for degraded ecosystems in BaigDooDaeGahn. With some concerns of current engineering-focused restoration approach for damaged ecosystem, the proposed procedures were designed based on the analysis of several case studies on citizen participatory projects such as the Habitat Movement, the Taean tidal wetland restoration effort in Korea, and some historical and innovative cases in Japan and the United States. The suggested procedures were considered to be a dialectical spiral model which was consisted of two goal axis, six system elements, four developmental stages, and five restoration steps. The new system and procedures were applied to damaged farmland areas (about 0.3 ha) on the top of BaigDooDaeGahn, Kangneung city with participation of more than 100 local residents and a dozen of citizen from Seoul. Both high level of possibilities and some barriers for future extended application were identified and adopted for the final version of the proposed procedures for ecological restoration.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.57-89
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• 2007

The Korean government has put mamy efforts into the protection of ecological values of coastal and marine ecosystems since the mid 1990s, recognizing ecological values and economic contributions of coastal and marine ecosystems. Rapid increase of coastal and marine protected areas in terms of number and size implies the innovative change of national policy regarding ecosystem protection. As of the end of 2006, the total number and size of the protected areas account for 425 and $10,666.8km^2$ respectively. Despite of this achievement, the current policy regime on the protected areas has not been quite successful dealing with in managerial issues. The ambiguity and the lacking objectivity of designation criteria have, been causes of pending issues such as conflict outbreaks, 'paper parks', duplicated designation, etc. This paper aims at improving current designation criteria based on AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process). The suggestion of the study covers both the new designation criteria and the weighing factor on each criterion considering different ecological and socio-economic characteristics of 'wetland protected area' and 'marine protected area'.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.63-76
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• 2020

This study was conducted to quantitatively evaluate and analyze the alternative habitats using the HSI(Habitat Suitability Index) model of Lutra lutra in Banbyeoncheon Stream. Six variables were selected as habitat variables for Lutra lutra, including distance from waterfront, land cover within 1km from waterfront, presence of alluvial island, area of inland water and wetland, distance from roads and urbanized arid areas, and distance from aquaculture farm. The SI(Suitability Index) model and HSI model were developed based on the existing literature of Lutra lutra, the results of field surveys and expert opinions, and applied to the alternative habitats to examine the applicability of the HSI model. The results of this study can provide information on habitat evaluation to prevent the extinction of endangered Lutra lutra. In particular, it is highly applicable to the selection and evaluation of alternative habitats for Lutra lutra.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.13-24
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• 2014

The pond wetlands in agricultural landscape are important natural resources that carry out the function of bio-diversity conservation. However, recently, those have been gradually embedded as their utility value were disappeared. And, the assessment methods used for pond wetlands are insufficient. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the conservation value of pond wetlands by using the modified RAM, and present the improvement of assesment methods. The study sites, a total of 32 pond of 4 types by land use, were selected on the basis of Ramsar Convention. Through the analysis of precedent studies, the weighted 8 functions were adjusted. According to the assessment results, pond wetlands made the largest contribution to Fishery and Herpetile Habitat function. In addition, it also made large contribution to Floral Diversity, Wildlife Habitat, and Water Quality Protection function. On the other hand, it made a small contribution to Aesthetics and Recreation, Runoff Attenuation, Shoreline /Stream Bank Protection, and Flood/Storm Water Storage function due to the characteristics of small-scale pond wetlands. In the assessment of 8 functions, house type showed the worst assessment result, and mountain type showed the best assessment result. It is thought that those are due to land use type in terms of vicinity. 10 items among 52 of the modified RAM showed the same assessment results in all land use types. Accordingly, it is required to be deleted and modified the assessment method. On the other hand, it is required to add age, interference, and water use to the assessment method. It is thought that these results can be utilized for the development and modification of assessment methods focused on pond wetlands in rural area.