• 한국통계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국통계학회 2003년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.237-242
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• 2003

Various kinds of estimation methods have been developed for imputation of categorical missing data. They include modal category method, logistic regression, and association rule. In this study, we propose two imputation methods (neural network fusion and voting fusion) that combine the results of individual imputation methods. A Monte-Carlo simulation is used to compare the performance of these methods. Five factors used to simulate the missing data are (1) true model for the data, (2) data size, (3) noise size (4) percentage of missing data, and (5) missing pattern. Overall, neural network fusion performed the best while voting fusion is better than the individual imputation methods, although it was inferior to the neural network fusion. Result of an additional real data analysis confirms the simulation result.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2013

Locating text data in images automatically has been a challenging task. In this approach, we build a three stage system for text detection purpose. This system utilizes tensor voting and Completed Local Binary Pattern (CLBP) to classify text and non-text regions. While tensor voting generates the text line information, which is very useful for localizing candidate text regions, the Nearest Neighbor classifier trained on discriminative features obtained by the CLBP-based operator is used to refine the results. The whole algorithm is implemented in MATLAB and applied to all images of ICDAR 2011 Robust Reading Competition data set. Experiments show the promising performance of this method.

• 한국정보기술학회 영문논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.89-102
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• 2019

Collagen can be used in building artificial skin replacements for treatment of burns and towards the reconstruction of bone as well as researching cell behavior and cellular interaction. The strength of collagen in connective tissue rests on the characteristics of collagen fibers. 3D confocal imaging of collagen fibers enables the characterization of their spatial distribution as related to their function. However, the image stacks acquired with confocal laser-scanning microscope does not clearly show the collagen architecture in 3D. Therefore, we developed a new method to reconstruct, visualize and characterize collagen fibers from fluorescence confocal images. First, we exploit the tensor voting framework to extract sparse reliable information about collagen structure in a 3D image and therefore denoise and filter the acquired image stack. We then propose to segment the collagen fibers by defining an energy term based on the Hessian matrix. This energy term is minimized by a min cut-max flow algorithm that allows adaptive regularization. We demonstrate the efficacy of our methods by visualizing reconstructed collagen from specific 3D image stack.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2003

The problem of tracking moving objects in a video stream is discussed in this pa-per. We discussed the popular technique of optical flow for moving object detection. Optical flow finds the velocity vectors at each pixel in the entire video scene. However, optical flow based methods require complex computations and are sensitive to noise. In this paper, we proposed a new method based on the Hough transform and on voting accumulation for improving the accuracy and reducing the computation time. Further, we applied the Boo-lean based edge detector for edge detection. Edge detection and segmentation are used to extract the moving objects in the image sequences and reduce the computation time of the CHT. The Boolean based edge detector provides accurate and very thin edges. The difference of the two edge maps with thin edges gives better localization of moving objects. The simulation results show that the proposed method improves the accuracy of finding the optical flow vectors and more accurately extracts moving objects' information. The process of edge detection and segmentation accurately find the location and areas of the real moving objects, and hence extracting moving information is very easy and accurate. The Combinatorial Hough Transform and voting accumulation based optical flow measures optical flow vectors accurately. The direction of moving objects is also accurately measured.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.3657-3682
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• 2018

This paper presents a Bluetooth and pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR)-based indoor fusion localization approach (BtPDR) using smartphones. A Bluetooth and PDR-based indoor fusion localization approach can localize the initial position of a smartphone with the received signal strength (RSS) of Bluetooth. While a smartphone is moving, BtPDR can track its position by fusing the localization results of PDR and Bluetooth RSS. In addition, BtPDR can adaptively modify the parameters of PDR. The contributions of BtPDR include: a Bluetooth RSS-based Probabilistic Voting (BRPV) localization mechanism, a probabilistic voting-based Bluetooth RSS and PDR fusion method, and a heuristic search approach for reducing the complexity of BRPV. The experiment results in a real scene show that the average positioning error is < 2m, which is considered adequate for indoor location-based service applications. Moreover, compared to the traditional PDR method, BtPDR improves the location accuracy by 42.6%, on average. Compared to state-of-the-art Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) fingerprint + PDR-based fusion indoor localization approaches, BtPDR has better positioning accuracy and does not need the same offline workload as a fingerprint algorithm.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.604-626
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• 2012

본 연구는 2000년대 중반부터의 기존의 PC기반에서 스마트폰 등의 모바일 기반으로의 새로운 패러다임 변화환경 아래에서의 한국 전자정부의 세계 최고 수준유지를 위한 전략으로 전자투표 추진의 전략방향을 고찰하고 이를 위한 관련 기술의 도입과 협력방안을 모색하여 본다. 전자투표 도입과 실행의 주요 문제점들을 해결할 수 있는 전략프레임을 설정하고 이에 따라 관련 기술의 도입과 협력방안을 제시한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 점에서 전자투표 추진의 미래상을 시나리오플래닝을 통하여 고찰하여 보고 이의 달성을 위한 향후 추진방향을 고찰한다. 지속적인 한국 전자정부의 세계 최고 수준 유지방안 모색이라는 점에서, 전자투표에 있어서 본고에서 논의된 얼굴인식기술과 걸음걸이인식기술이라는 생체인식기술을 도입한 공간정보시스템의 활용은 그러한 점에서 큰 함의를 가진다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제27권8A호
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• pp.822-828
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• 2002

다제약 접근기반 OF(optical flow) 평가기술이 이동 물체의 인식에 자주 이용되고 있다. 그러나 OF 평가시간 뿐만 아니라 오차 문제로 인하여 사용이 제한되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 sobel 에쥐 검출과 다제약 접근기반 OF를 이용하여 효율적으로 움직임 정보를 추출하는 방법을 제안한다. 먼저 에쥐 검출 후 차영상과 영역분할기법으로 영상열 내 이동물체를 검출하고 임계치 처리로 잡음에 의해 검출된 이동물체들을 제거한다. 그리고 OF 최적 제약선을 찾기 위한 CHT와 Voting 누적을 적용한다. 이때 에쥐 검출과 영역분할을 이용함으로써 연속하는 영상열 내에서 이동 물체를 찾기 위한 CHT 계산시간을 현저히 줄이는 것이 가능하다. CHT 기반의 Voting은 최소자승법을 가미함으로써 오차 또한 감소시킨다. 그리고 제약선에 따른 수많은 점들을 계산하는 작업도 변환된 기울기-교점 파라미터를 사용함으로써 줄어들게 된다. 시뮬레이션 결과 영상 내에서 이동물체 인식비가 증가됨을 보였고 이동물체의 움직임 정보를 제공하는 OF 벡터도 매우 효율적으로 검출됨을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2013

In this paper, a novel method is proposed to build an ensemble of classifiers by using a feature selection schema. The feature selection schema identifies the best feature sets that affect the arrhythmia classification. Firstly, a number of feature subsets are extracted by applying the feature selection schema to the original dataset. Then classification models are built by using the each feature subset. Finally, we combine the classification models by adopting a voting approach to form a classification ensemble. The voting approach in our method involves both classification error rate and feature selection rate to calculate the score of the each classifier in the ensemble. In our method, the feature selection rate depends on the extracting order of the feature subsets. In the experiment, we applied our method to arrhythmia dataset and generated three top disjointed feature sets. We then built three classifiers based on the top-three feature subsets and formed the classifier ensemble by using the voting approach. Our method can improve the classification accuracy in high dimensional dataset. The performance of each classifier and the performance of their ensemble were higher than the performance of the classifier that was based on whole feature space of the dataset. The classification performance was improved and a more stable classification model could be constructed with the proposed approach.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2002

It is important to evaluate the performance of candidates mathematically from various aspects, and reflect it on decision making. In decision making, we judge the candidates through two steps, classification of objects and comparison of objects or candidates with plural elements. In the former step, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is useful method to evaluate candidates from plural viewpoints, and in the later step, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is also useful method to evaluate candidates with plural categorized data. In fact, each candidate has plural elements, nevertheless it has been more important to evaluate from various aspects in IT society. So, we propose a new procedure complementing AHP with DEA.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2020

Approximately 1.3 million people die from traffic accidents each year, and smartphone usage while driving is one of the main causes of such accidents. Therefore, detection of smartphone usage by drivers has become an important part of distracted driving detection. Previous studies have used single camera-based methods to collect the driver images. However, smartphone usage detection by employing a single camera can be unsuccessful if the driver occludes the phone. In this paper, we present a driver smartphone usage detection system that uses multiple cameras to collect driver images from different perspectives, and then processes these images with ensemble convolutional neural networks. The ensemble method comprises three individual convolutional neural networks with a simple voting system. Each network provides a distinct image perspective and the voting mechanism selects the final classification. Experimental results verified that the proposed method avoided the limitations observed in single camera-based methods, and achieved 98.96% accuracy on our dataset.