• 대한수의학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.371-377
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• 1988

In order to know the effect of dexamethasone on the induction of the rabbit viral hepatitis, the pathological changes were observed in the native rabbits, 2 to 6 months old in age, that were injected by dexamethasone and liver emulsion of Angora rabbit naturally infected with viral hepatitis. The results were summarized as follows: The native rabbits injected by dexamethasone and liver emulsion were infected with viral hepatitis and died between 2 and 7 days after inoculation. Clinical signs and gross lesions were very similar to those of Angora rabbit naturally occurred, In microscopical findings, the hepatic lesions were characterized by peripheral necrosis of the lobules, and peripheral necrosis of the lobules with fatty changes of hepatic cells was occurred in a few cases. Perivascular lymphocytic infiltration in the central nervous system was observed in some cases, The lesions of the other organs were very similar to those of Angora rabbit naturally occurred. On the other hand, the native rabbits that were injected by only liver emulsion of Angora rabbit naturally infected with viral hepatitis were not infected with the disease except very few cases.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2000

Among wild chipmunks, Tamias sibiricus, captured in Kyunggi and Kangwon province in Korea, 1997, seropositivity for Orientia tsutsugamushi was determined. Serological test for Orientia tsutsugamushi infection was performed using indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique (IFA). Of 243 wild chipmunks, 61 against Gilliam strain and 64 against Karp strain of Orientia tsutsugamushi were IFA positive. Seropositivity against Gilliam strain was shown 33.3% in Kyunggi and 23.5% in Kangwon province, and against Karp strain was shown 33.3% and 25.4%, respectively.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.644-649
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• 2019

Killed vaccines, developed by inactivation with formalin, have been investigated for many fish viruses. In this study, the inactivation of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) by formalin was investigated based on the infectivity titer. When viral cell culture supernatants were used, the infectivity titer decreased 1,000-fold at 1 d after treatment with 0.1% (v/v) formalin, but was below the detection limit at 7 and 14 d. Moreover, neither the N nor G gene were detectable by RT-PCR immediately after formalin treatment. In western blot analysis, N protein was not detected by rabbit antiserum against VHSV KR-9225 from 2 d after formalin treatment. On the other hand, when we used a virus that was purified and concentrated ~100 times, the infectivity titer was maintained at 10^6.05 TCID₅₀/mL, even at 14 d after formalin treatment, and no change in the viral structural proteins was observed. This study provides important data on the production and use of formalin-inactivated vaccines.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.200-206
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• 1995

Myocarditis refers to inflammation, necrosis, or myocytolysis that may be due to many infectious, connective tissue and many other causes affecting the myocardium or involvement of the endocardium or pericardium. The most common manifestation is congestive heart failure, although arrhythmias and sudden death may be the first sign of myocarditis. Viral myocarditis is typically a sporadic but occasionally epidemic illness, noted as an acute potentially fulminant disease of 1-to 4-wk-old infants, as an acute but more benign myopericarditis of toddlers and young children. The most common casuative agent in viral myocarditis is Coxsackievirus and the outcome of the biopsy-proven chronic dilated cardiomyopathy associated with Coxsackievirus is poor without therapy. Myocarditis may be confirmed by percutaneous endomyocardial biopsy and the viral myocarditis may be diagnosed by the serological viral study with the clinical manifestations. He was admitted for the management of tachyarrhythmias occurred suddenly without prodromal symptoms and signs and diagnosed as viral pancarditis by serological Coxsackievirus study, echocardiogram, chest x-ray, EKG and other clinical manifestations.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 1999

Presently, viral isolation in the diarrheal feces can be reached by many tools such as fluorescent antibody test(FA), negative contrast electron microscopy(NCEM), virus neutralization test, cell culture, and so on. The purpose of the study was to aimed at the establishment of simplified NCEM technique which can be efficiently applied for diarrheal feces and also the understanding on prevalence of viral-induced diarrhea in calves. One hundred fourty-seven korean indigenous calves with diarrhea were examined to their feces by the modified NCEM. Among them, 98(66.7%) were confirmed to have one or more viruses in feces. The viruses detected were identified as rotavirus(33.3%), coronavirus(16.3% ), togavirus(10.2%) and herpesvirus(0.7%). Ten cases of combined viral infection were consisted of 8 with rotavirus+coronavirus, one with rotavirus+togavlrus and one with rotavirus+herpesvirus. Dirrheal types could classified by yello-wish watery(44.9a ), blood-tinged(19.7% ), white watery(17.7% ) , brownish watery(14.3%), greenish watery(3.4%) diarrhea, respectively. Yellowish watery diarrhea(66cases) was frequently included rotavirus(31.8%), coronavirus(15.2%), and togavirus(13.6%), respectively. Consequently, these results suggest that the modified NCEM is reliable and efficient diagnostic tool for detection of viruses in the diarrheal feces and many calves rearing in Chonnam province have been exposed to some enteric viral agents mainly including rotavirus and coronavirus.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2017

Getah virus (GETV) infection causes sporadic outbreaks of mild febrile illness in horses and reproductive failure in pigs. In this study, we established a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method to detect GETV from suspected virus-infected samples. The reaction conditions were optimized and validated by using RNA extracted from GETV propagated in cell culture. A GETV-specific GED4 primer set was designed and used to amplify a 177 bp DNA fragment from a highly conserved region of the E1 glycoprotein gene in the GETV genome. RT-PCR performed with this primer set revealed high sensitivity and specificity. In the sensitivity test, the GED4 primer set detected GETV RNA at the level of $10^{2.0}\;TCID_{50}/mL$. In the specificity test, the GED4 primer set amplified only a single band of PCR product on the GETV RNA template, without non-specific amplification, and exhibited no cross-reactivity with other viral RNAs. These results suggest that this newly established RT-PCR method is useful for accurate identification of GETV infection in animals.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2003

Viral and non-viral vectors have been used in the delivery of genetic materials into animal cells and tissues, with each approach having pros and cons. Non-viral vectors have many useful merits such as easy preparation, low immunity and size tolerance of a transgene when compared to those of viral vectors. Delivery specificity may be achieved by complex formation between receptor ligands and a non-viral vector. In the present study, non-viral vector systems are investigated in an effort to find a practical delivery means for gene therapy, Receptor-ligand interaction between transferrin-receptor and transferrin was utilized for efficient gene transfer into cancer cells. A plasmid vector, pcDNA3 (LacZ) was ligated with a small duplexed oligo fragment in which a Biotin- VN$^{TM}$ phosphoramidite was placed in the middle of the oligo. The plasmid vector labeled by biotin was then conjugated with biotin-labeled transferrin via streptavidin. This trimeric conjugates were delivered to a hepatoma cell line, HepG2. The delivery efficiency of the trimeric conjugate was 2-fold higher than that of cationic liposomes used for transfection of a plasmid vector. These results demonstrate that a plasmid vector can be efficiently transferred into cells by forming a trimeric complex of plasmid vector-linker-ligand.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.1515-1526
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• 2022

Eukaryotic chromatin is highly organized in the 3D nuclear space and dynamically regulated in response to environmental stimuli. This genomic organization is arranged in a hierarchical fashion to support various cellular functions, including transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Like other host cellular mechanisms, viral pathogens utilize and modulate host chromatin architecture and its regulatory machinery to control features of their life cycle, such as lytic versus latent status. Combined with previous research focusing on individual loci, recent global genomic studies employing conformational assays coupled with high-throughput sequencing technology have informed models for host and, in some cases, viral 3D chromosomal structure re-organization during infection and the contribution of these alterations to virus-mediated diseases. Here, we review recent discoveries and progress in host and viral chromatin structural dynamics during infection, focusing on a subset of DNA (human herpesviruses and HPV) as well as RNA (HIV, influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2) viruses. An understanding of how host and viral genomic structure affect gene expression in both contexts and ultimately viral pathogenesis can facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.339-347
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• 2012

동물세포배양 유래 생물의약품 생산 공정에서 다양한 외래성 바이러스가 오염된 사례가 있기 때문에 바이러스 안전성 보증을 위한 바이러스 검출시험이 필수적이다. Reovirus (Reo), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine parainfluenza virus (BPIV)는 동물 세포주와 동물 세포 배양 공정에 오염되는 대표적인 RNA 바이러스이다. 세포배양 유래 생물의약품의 안전성을 확보하기 위해, 세포주, 원료물질, 제조공정, 완제품에서 Reo, BVDV, BPIV를 동시에 검출할 수 있는 Multiplex Reverse Transcription (RT)-PCR 시험법을 확립하였다. Reo, BVDV, BPIV에 특이적인 primer를 선별하였으며, multiplex RT-PCR 시험법을 최적화하였다. Reo, BVDV, BPIV를 동시에 검출할 수 있는 multiplex RT-PCR 시험법의 민감도는 각각 $7.76{\times}10^2\;TCID_{50}/ml$, $7.44{\times}10^1\;TCID_{50}/ml$, $6.75{\times}10^1\;TCID_{50}/ml$이었다. 확립된 multiplex RT-PCR을 생물의약품 제조공정 검증에 적용할 수 있는지 확인하기 위하여 인위적으로 각 바이러스를 오염시킨 CHO 세포에서 검출 시험을 실시한 결과 각 바이러스를 감염시킨 CHO 세포와 세포배양 상청액에서 각 바이러스를 검출할 수 있었다. 위와 같은 결과에서 확립된 multiplex RT-PCR시험법은 세포주, 원료물질, 제조공정, 완제품에서 Reo, BVDV, BPIV를 동시에 검출할 수 있는 특이성과 민감성이 우수한 시험법임을 확인하였다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2020

Feline calicivirus (FCV) infection results in a common upper respiratory disease associated with oral ulceration in cats. Although FCV infection has been reported in cats worldwide, the biologic and genetic features of South Korean FCV are unclear. We aimed to investigate the biological and genetic features of South Korean FCV isolates. Crandell-Rees feline kidney (CRFK) cells were used to isolate FCV from 58 organ homogenate samples. The FCV isolates were confirmed by cytopathic effects, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. Viral genetic analysis was carried out with VP2 gene and complete genomes of FCVs. Five viruses propagated in CRFK cells were confirmed to be FCVs. The FCV17D283 isolate showed the highest viral titer of 107.2 TCID50/mL at 36 h post-inoculation. Korean FCV isolates did not grow well in Vero, BHK-21, A72, or Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. The FCV17D03 and FCV17D283 isolates had the highest genetic similarity (80.1% and 86.9%) with the UTCVM-H1 and 14Q315 strains, which were isolated in the United States and South Korea in 1995 and 2014, respectively. We isolated five FCVs from cats and detected important genetic differences among them. FCV isolates did not show any virulent effects in mice.