• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.33.1-33.11
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• 2024

Agricultural production is a major driver of the Philippine economy. Mass production of animal products, such as livestock and poultry farming, is one of the most prominent players in the field. Filipino farmers use veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) when raising agricultural animals to improve animal growth and prevent diseases. Unfortunately, the extensive use of VMPs, particularly antibiotics, has been linked to drug resistance in animals, particularly antibiotics. Antimicrobial gene products produced in animals due to the prolonged use of VMPs can passed on to humans when they consume animal products. This paper reviews information on the use of VMPs in the Philippines, including the regulations, their impact, challenges, and potential recommendations. The Philippines has existing legislation regulating VMP use. Several agencies were tasked to regulate the use of VMPs, such as the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Health, and the Philippine National Action Plan. Unfortunately, there is a challenge to implementing these regulations, which affects consumers. The unregulated use of VMPs influences the transmission of antibiotic residues from animals to crops to humans. This challenge should be addressed, with more focus on stricter regulation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.55-57
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• 2017

A 5-year-old, 2.7 kg, spayed female Scottish Fold cat presented with hematemesis after administration of oral zaltoprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, by the owner. Diagnostic imaging and blood analyses indicated development of acute kidney injury (AKI) resulting from zaltoprofen ingestion. To correct dehydration and anemic conditions, the cat received intravenous fluid therapy with whole blood transfusion and peroral N-acetylcysteine. Clinical signs resolved, but persistent azotemia was unresolved indicating that AKI could progress to chronic kidney disease. This case suggests that although zaltoprofen may have low adverse effects on humans, administration of zaltoprofen in cats can have serious adverse effects.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.50-54
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• 2006

The wound healing activity of plumbagin and the chloroform extract of Plumbago rosea Linn. (Yoot), incorporated into ointments with yellow soft paraffin, have been investigated on rats. Wound healing activity was studied using excision and incision wound models in rats following topical application. Both plumbagin and the Plumbago rosea root extract produced a significant response in both of the wound models studied. The wound contracted in 14 days in the case of plumbagin (0.1%) and 16 days in case of Plumbago rosea root extract (0.5%), as against in 22 days in the case of control animals. The results were also comparable to those of a standard drug, framycetin sulphate cream (1% w/w) in terms of wound contracting ability, wound closure time, tensile strength of wound and regeneration of tissues at the wound site. Histological studies revealed evidences for the healing process by formation of fibrovascular tissue, epithelization and increased collagenization when compared to control.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 1991

The present study was conducted to investigate biochemical properties and antimicrobial drug susceptibilities of 36 strains of Pasteurella haemolytica(P haemolytica) isolated from pneumonic calves in Kyongbuk province during the period from January 1990 to December 1990. P haemolytica was isolated from 36 of 111(32.4%) pneumonic calves of 1 to 6 months of age. The majority of biochemical and cultural properties of P haemolytica isolated from calves were identical to those of the reference strains employed. All isolated were susceptible to baytril, gentamicin, and kanamycin, some of them were resistant to tetracycline, amikacin, streptomycin, and ampicillin.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.144-149
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• 1993

This study was conducted to investigate the infectious arthritis on pigs slaughter in eastern Kangweon. During the period of between Feb. and Nov. 1992, 459 pigs were sampled at six abattoirs. Bacterial isolation and identification were perfomed from the arthritic lesions. In addition, drug susceptibility for the major isolated microoganisms were examined. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. From arthritic lesions bacteria were most frequently isolated, isolation rate being 21.1%. 2. The bacteria isolated from arthritic lesion, Staphylococcus spp. (33.9%), Coli form(39.3%) were most frequently isolated, while the genera of Mycoplasma were detected less frequently. 3. Antimicrobial drug susceptibility of the major organisms showed that all the isolated bacteria were susceptible to SXT(91.0%), cephalothin(82.5%), but resisted to penicillin and streptomycin.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.855-862
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• 1997

Ivermectin is a synthetic derivative of the naturally occurring avermectin $B_{1a}$ (22, 23-dihydroavermectin $B_{1a}$) and $B_{1b}$ (22, 23-dihydroavermectin $B_{1b}$), It is widely used as antiparasitic and pesticidal agents because of its remarkably potent and broad spectrum of antiparasitic activity. Although the drug has shown excellent anthelmintic effects, development of toxicosis in some animals such as the Collie species of dog is well documented. However, no studies have been reported on the toxic effects of the drug in Korean native animals such as the Jindo dog. The toxic effect of ivermectin was evaluated in 25 Jindo dogs divided into five groups which were orally administered with ivermectin at dosage levels of $200{\mu}g/kg$, $300{\mu}g/kg$, $600{\mu}g/kg$ and $2,500{\mu}g/kg$ of body weight, respectively. Toxic signs were not observed in the groups receiving $200{\mu}g/kg$ and $300{\mu}g/kg$ B.W. ivermectin. One dog developed mild clinical signs of toxicosis in the group receiving $600{\mu}g/kg$ dosage of ivermectin. In the group with $2,500{\mu}g/kg$ dosage, all dogs developed mild (salivation, drooling, vomiting, mydriasis, and/or confusion) and/or moderate (ataxia and tremors) clinical signs of toxicosis. Hematologic changes were not observed in the groups receiving $200{\mu}g/kg$, $300{\mu}g/kg$ and $600{\mu}g/kg$ B.W. ivermectin. In the groups receiving $2,500{\mu}g/kg$ B.W., total erythrocyte counts, total and differential leukocyte counts and hemoglobin levels were not affected by drug. Aspartate aminotransferase levels were increased after administration of ivermectin, while serum cholesterol and blood glucose levels were decreased.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 1989

This paper dealt with the distribution of Shigella spp. on 5 piggeries in Taegu and Kyungpook during the period from August to October 1987. Isolated Shigella were examined for serogrouping, antimicrobial drug resistance and detection of R plasmid. Genetic properties of R plasmid in Shigella have examined to fertility inhibition (Fi) and gel electrophoresis was performed for the isolation of plasmid DNA. The results obtained were summarised as followings; 1. Of total 2,978 samples from 5 piggeries, 82 strains (2.8%) of Shigella spp. were isolated from 82 samples. The isolated strains were identified as S dysenteriae (60 strains), S flexneri (20 strains) and S sonnei (2 strains). 2. Of the 82 strains examined 67 (95.1%) were resistant to one or more antibiotics, such as ampicillin (Am), chloramphenicol (Cm), kanamycin (Km), nalidixic acid (Na), rifampicin (Rf), streptomycin (Sm), sulfademethoxine (Su), and tetracycline (Tc) and higher resistant to Su (90.2%), Sm (63.4%) and Tc (63.4%). 3. Of the 78 resistant Shigella strains 26 (33.3%) harbored conjugative R plasmids and the transfer frequency of Sm (50.0%), Cm(33.3%) resistance was much higher than that of the other drug resistance. 4. The most common resistant patterns were SmSuTc, Su and AmSmSuTc. 5. Out of the 26 Shigella R plasm ids examined for Fi, 14(53.8%) were $Fi^+$ and the remainder were $Fi^-$. 6. The plasmid DNA profiles in Shigella spp. (9 strains) isolated from pigs were confirmed as being 2 to 9 fragments by the gel electrophoresis. Their molecular size ranged 2.17 to 87.62 kilobase (Kb). All strains of Shigella spp. consisted in 15.4 Kb plasmids.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.609-615
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• 2005

The safety and immunogenicity of an attenuated recombinant Salmonella vaccine strain, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium llaB, was assessed. This vaccine strain could survive in low pH condition, and its ability of intracellular survival did not differ from that of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium UK1, which is the wild-type of the vaccine strain. The mortality of the mice orally administered with the vaccine strain was $50\%$ at the dose of $10^7$ CFU. All mice administered with $10^5\;or\;10^3$ CFU of the vaccine strain survived for 3 days postinoculation (pi). However, all mice administered with more than $10^3$ CFU of the vaccine strain died within 3 days pi. To examine the protective effect of the vaccine strain, mice were orally immunized with $10^4\;and\;10^6$ CFU of the bacteria. Control mice were given with 0.5 ml of phosphate buffered saline (PBS). After 8 days, the mice were challenged with $10^9$ CFU of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium UK1, and mortality was examined for 5 days. The survival rates of the mice immunized with $10^4\;and\;10^6$ CFU of the vaccine strain were $60\%\;and\;80\%$, respectively, whereas all control mice died within 2 days after challenging. To investigate the immunogenicity of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium llaB, mice were orally immunized with $10^5\;or\;10^6$ CFU ml of the vaccine strain. Five mice of each group were sacrificed at 5 and 12 days after immunization, and results showed that immunization of the vaccine strain led to increases of IgG1, IgG2, and IgM titers against S. enterica serovar Typhimurium UK1 in mouse sera, cytokine expressions such as IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 in spleen, and the lymphocyte proliferation response to mitogens (concanavalin A or LPS) stimulation.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.144-156
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• 1992

The residue of drug in foods of animal origin has increasingly become of interest to the entire livestock industry as growing consumer health concerns. The current overvie of feed additives and veterinary drugs used in Japan and their residual analysis has been reviewed. High performance liquid chromatographic technique(HPLC) with various detectors can be expected to be successfully applied for the routine analysis of residual feed additives and veterinary drugs including anabolic agents in livestock products.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.466-471
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• 2011

Allergic asthma is complex inflammatory airway disorder caused by genetic and environmental factors. Sulfamethoxazole, a sulfonamide, is the cause of drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome. Parasites infection also related with eosinophilia and allergic diseases. In the present study, we investigated the modulating effects of parasitic derivative and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) on allergic airway inflammation in the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine asthma model. Histopathological changes, cytokine secretion, and total and allergen-specific IgE were investigated. BALB/c mice were treated with Ascaris suum extract or SMX for 4 weeks before sensitized and challenged to ovalbumin. Pre-treatment of Ascaris suum extract decreased allergic inflammation in lung tissue and IL-4, total IgE, and OVA-specific IgE levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. However, pre-treatment of SMX did not show any effects on allergic airway inflammation. These results indicate that parasitic infection has protective effects on allergic asthma, but the sulfamamides may not relate with allergic asthma.