• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.59-76
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• 2019

This study aims to develop urban scenarios for future cities and validate the future city scenarios using a Delphi method. The scenarios of future city was derived from urban structure, land use, transportation, and urban infrastructure and development using big data analysis, environmental scanning techniques, and literature review. The Delphi survey interviewed 24 erudite scholars and experts across 6 nations including Korea, USA, UK, Japan, China, Australia and India. The Delphi survey structure was designed to test future city scenarios, verified by the 5-point Likert scale. The survey also asked the timing of each scenario likely happens by the three terms of near-future, mid-future and far-future. Results of the Delphi survey reveal the following points. Firstly, for the future urban structure it is anticipated that urban concentration continues and higher density living in global mega cities near future. In the mid-future small and medium size cities may decrease. Secondly, the land use pattern in the near-future is expected of increasing space sharing and mixed or layered vertical land-use. In addition underground space is likely to be extended in the mid-future. Thirdly, in the near-future, transport and infrastructure was expected to show ICT embedded integration platform and public and private smart transport. Finally, the result of Delphi survey shows that TOD (Transit Oriented Development) becomes a development norm and more emphasis on energy and environment fields.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.3
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• pp.92-98
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• 1985

The experiments were conducted to investigate the activity changes of peroxidase, existence of isoenzyme and the changes of reserved substances in tomato under subatmospheric pressure storage condition. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Soluble fraction showed the highest peroxidase activity and followed by cell wall fraction, mitochondria fraction and ribosome fraction in that order. 2. Peroxidase activity was decreased during the ripening and senescence period in tomato. Especially, peroxidase activity in tomato was higher at a room temperature ($25^{\circ}C$) than at a low temperature ($15^{\circ}C$). The decreasing inclination was similar in both treatment. The peroxidase activity was higher in 380 Torr, than in 570 Torr. 3. At least, two isoperoxidases(Soluble or solubilized) were identified from different extraction procedures. Three of four isoenzymes were recognized from a vertical slab of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 4. The changes of components in tomato under SAP were generally affected by temperature and pressure. Especially, quality of tomato stored at a low temperature ($15^{\circ}C$) and SAP (380 Torr.) was best during storage.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.411-419
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• 2003

This paper aims at developing 'gyro-mouse' which provides decent and comfortable human-computer interface that supports the usage of such software as an internet-browser in PC for the people paralyzed in upper limbs. This interface operates on information collected from head movement to get the cursor control. The interface is composed of two modules. One is hardware module in which the head horizontal and vertical angular velocities are detected and transmitted into PC. The other is a PC software that translates the received data into movement and click signals of the mouse. The ANN (artificial neural network) learns the quick nodding pattern of each user as click input so that it can provide user-friendly interface. The performance of the system was evaluated by three indices that are click recognition rate. error in cursor position control. and click rate of the moving target box. The performance result of the gyro-mouse was compared with that of the optical-mouse to assess the efficiency of the gyro-mouse. The average click recognition rate was 93%, average error in cursor position control was 1.4∼5 times of optical mouse. and the click rate with 50 pixels target box was 40%(30 clicks/min) to that of optical mouse. The click rate increased monotonously with the number of trial from 35% to 44%. The suggested system is expected to provide a new possibility to communicate with the society.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.271-278
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• 2000

We have fabricated and analyzed the lasing characteristics of 1.3$\mu\textrm{m}$ Spot-Size-Converter (SSC) integrated Fabry-Perot (FP) laser diodes, which are very promising light sources for optical subscriber networks. SSC-LDs has been developed by BIB (buttjoint-built-in) coupling and selective MOVPE growth. High-performances were achieved such as the slope efficiency from the SSC facet of 0.23-0.32 mW/mA, the full-width at the half maximum of the far-field pattern (FFP) of 9.5$^{\circ}$~12.3$^{\circ}$, the alignment tolerances of $\pm$2.3$\mu\textrm{m}$ and $\pm$2.5$\mu\textrm{m}$ within the extra-coupling loss of 1 dB for the vertical and parallel directions, respectively. These experimental results were compared to theoretical ones in order to clarify the operational problems and give a good design direction of the fabricated SSC-LDs. It was revealed that an asymmetric output power from the facets, an irrelevancy of FFP and the waveguide structure around SSC facet region, and a poor temperature characteristics were originated from the scattering in the BIB and SSC sections and SHB effect in the active section for the first time.t time.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.5 s.52
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• pp.511-523
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• 1995

The elastic open activator is one of the modified myodynamic activator. The reduced size of the appliance mass motivates the patients' comfort and longer time of wearing. Its peculiarities in loose fitting and the lack of appliance stabilization in the mouth draws the tongue and the surrounding functional matrices on close interaction with the appliance, consigns the physiologic exertion to target structures, and eventually makes it feasible to the inland of non-extraction treatment In the context of the sagittal malocclusion, the orthodontic trench is dependent upon the growth of basal structure aimed, therefore, it is contemplated to grabble the effects of Elastic Open Activator upon the class II malocclusion of growing child retrospectively. The cephalometric headfilms and study models of nine Class II malocclusion of growing child retrospectively. The cephalometric headfilms and study models of nine class II division 1 and five division 2 patients were evaluated and analyzed, and the following observations were drawn, 1. The maxilla maintained a normal growth pattern in both groups. 2. The mandible grew anteroinferiorly in both groups. 3. The upper incisors tipped ligually in Class II division 1 and tipped labially in Class II division 2 and anterior vertical alveolar growth was interrupted in both groups. 4. The lower incisors tipped labially. 5. There was an arch expansion in both groups and increase of available space in Class II division 2

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.1 s.72
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• pp.23-35
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• 1999

Lateral cephalograms or 251 males md 286 females were taken and pubertal growth pattern or cranial base, maxillary and mandible of 7 to 17 years old Korean children was evaluated. 10 landmarks and 16 analytical measurements were evaluated. Analytical measurement and annual difference for each age group was calculated and tested for statistical significance. Analytical measurements were classified into three groups which were cranial base, maxillary and mandibular measurements and also classified into make and female measurements. Following results were achieved. 1. The circumpuberal growth spurt was earlier in Korean females than in males. 2. Cranial base, maxilla and mandible showed circumpuberal growth. The cranial base showed a relatively smaller amount of growth than the facial complex. 3. Middle and posterior cranial base length showed a floater increase than anterior cranial base length and circumpuberal growth spurt was also more definite. 4. the forward and downward growth or maxilla results from maxillary growht itself and transposition or the maxilla due to circumsutural growth aroud the maxilla. Ar-ANS and Ar-Pr which represent maxillary position relative to the cranial base showed more growth than ANS-PNS which represents maxillary bone growth. 5. mandible showed more vertical growth than horizontal growth but without significance. 6. Alveolar gwoth of maxilla and mandible show maximum growth rate of the time of permanent teeth eruption following loss of deciduous teeth . After this period alveolar growth shows a decreasing tendency.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.628-635
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the result after 2-phase surgical-orthodontic treatment without preoperative orthodontic treatment for the skeletal Cl III malocclusion patient and to obtain an adequate protocol on the bases of this result. This retrospective study of ten patients who underwent 2-phase treatment were done to evaluate 1) the surgical stability and relapse pattern 2) the facial esthetics 3) the TMJ problem 4) the total time of the treatment. Results were followed : 1) The horizontal relapse of the mandible was 26.8% and didn't show significant differences compared to the conventional 3-phase treatment. But, it was considered that this amount of relapse was the sum of true relapse and autoratation of mandible due to decreased vertical dimension during orthodontic treatment. 2) It was estimated that there's no difference on the ratio of anterior facial height between the subjects and the normal patients. On the horizontal analysis, the mandible of the subjects was located more anteriorly than that of the normal patients. This result showed that there was a need for the accurate preoperative esthetic evaluation and the additional methods for reducing the relapse due to the occlusal interference. 3) Wide variation was noted on the TMJ symptoms of the subjects, however, it was estimated that there's no significant differencees of symptoms compared to that of the conventional 3-phase treatment on literatures. 4) The average of the overall period of treatment was 20.8 months and we obtained reduction of the treatment time compaired to 3-phase treatment on many literatures. Most of the results of this study were similar to the findings of the 3-phase treatment(preoperative orthodontic-orthognathic surgery-postoperative orthodontic), but total time of the treatment was shorter in patients with 2-phase treatment than in those with the conventional 3-phase treatment. With 2-phase treatment, we experienced many advantages compared to the conventional method considering that it was favarable conditions for the teeth, it had the flexibility for the treatment, and it could be the adequate treatment approach for the stomatognathic system. Although this retrospective pilot study had some limitations, due to small samples, the authors would hope that it could serve as a guide for the future researches, and the clinical applications.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.127-139
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• 1991

1. The purpose of this study was to recommend ways of more efficient pheasant farm business management and promoting the demand of pheasant foods by reviewing the current pheasant farm business management and the general pattern of consumption of pheasant foods. The study was conducted on the basis of the field survey covering 83 pheasant feeders and 283 consumers. 2. Majority of pheasant feeders, 86.8%(n=72), utilized broiler feed for pheasant rearing because of high price of exclusive pheasant feed. 3. In case of producing 1,000 heads of 5 month-old pheasant, the primary production cost per head was roughly calculated at about 5,530 Won. And 40.3% of primary production cost was consisted of feed cost and 12.9% was depreciation cost for facillities including artificial incubator equipments. 4. 81.1%(n=51) of whole surveyed feeders disposed of 1-4 week-old birds directly to the new feeders and 6%(n=6) sold them to the middlemen who were almost pioneering pheasant feeders. 5. 48.9%(n=138) of the surveyed consumer respondents have taken the pheasant foods once and several times, and the others never once. And 50.6%(n=69) of the respondents who had taken the pheasant foods were satisfied with the tastes. 6. The surveyed consumers were asked whether they knew the nutritional value of pheasant foods and 47.3(n=136) recognized it positively and 37.5%(n=106) negatively. 7. To increase the pheasant farm income and promote the demand of pheasant foods. followings are recommended. - Production cost should be reduced by cooperative utilization of facilities and equipments at farm level, and exclusive pheasant feed of good quility should be developed and supplied to the feeders at a low price. - Pheasant marketing and pricing system should be improved to prevent consumers from price disorder of retail shop including pheasant food reataurants and to popularize the pheasant foods. - Various type of menu of pheasant foods should be developed not only to satisfy consumers in tastes but also to solve the seasonality of pheasant supply. But it is preferable that this action is led by pheasant feeders and their cooperative organization, espectially through vertical intergration system owned by pheasant feeders. - Generic, pioneering advertisement and promotion should be carried out to promote primary demend of pheasant foods. It would be preferable that these primary demend advertising and promoting activities shuld be sponsored by pheasant feeders and government together. And their activities should be supported by institutional regulation.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.1007-1026
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to develop analytic framework for dialogic argumentation to show the context and flow visualizing interactions of argumentation, to be able to present quality of argumentation specifically. For this, we formulated a method of the argumentation diagram using feature of diagram simple and structurally visualizing interrelation between argument components, and then quantified quality of argumentation to argument level score on this basis. We have developed the learning material for argumentation about a vertical circular motion and used the obtained translations from applying it in developing the framework. We chose argument statements among full transcript and then coded as Toulmin's argument components, and these codes was effectively arranged and linked to show argumentation diagram. Results by argumentation diagram could be useful understanding of interactive argumentation context and the flow and present frequency, the combination of argument elements, rough qualitative level of argumentation. To quantify argumentation quality, we gave different scores to different link lines reflecting indication of argumentation quality like that diversity of argument component, justification, presence or absence of rebuttals. The process of identification of argument level is very simple, qualitative level of argumentation represented as concrete score could present various and concrete argument level. Developed analytic framework might contribute to argumentation research field, because it can present effectively dialogic argumentation result. Also, various analysis cases might guide designing an effective argumentation practice and circular motion learning.

• Strategy21
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• s.43
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• pp.5-28
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• 2018

The tensions between the U.S and China, which form the two pillars of the G2 era, seem to have persisted even after the Trump administration inaugurated. The strong confrontation between the two in recent foreign security issues may drive to develop an inadvertent military conflict, and it is high likely to occur in the maritime are. The purpose of this study is not only to analyze the balance of modernized naval forces in the PLAN through naval strategy changes and weapons system modernization trend, but also to predict the impact of the geographical proximity difference on the balance of naval forces in the disputed areas. It examined the impact of distance and geography on naval power by assessing the modernization pattern of the PLAN and capabilities in the context of two scenarios at different distances from China by 2020: one centered on Taiwan and the other on the Spratly Islands. The PLAN's strategy had impact on operational concept and forces construction. First, from the viewpoint of operation operational concept, it can be seen that the passive defense is changing into active defense. Second, in terms of power construction, it can threaten the surface and submarines of U.S power from a distance. And they generated follow three features; The ocean is not the focus of Chinese submarines, Horizontal and vertical expansion of Chinese naval vessels, The improvement of the suppression ability as the Chinese naval modernization ratio increases. The strength of the PLAN is dominant over the U.S in terms of reserves, and it can complement the qualitative deterioration by utilizing nearby bases in the vicinity of the mainland, such as the Taiwan Strait. However, due to the shortage of aircraft carriers, there is a possibility that it will take some time to secure the advantage of air and ocean in the amphibious operation. Therefore, as the dispute is prolonged, China may fail to achieve its original goal. In addition, the lack of cutting edge Commanding Ships may bring to weaken the C2 capabilities. At results, it is expected that PLAN will not be able to have a superiority in the short term due to lagging behind U.S advanced technology. Nevertheless, PLAN has strengthened its naval power through modernization sufficiently and it is highly likely to use force. Especially, it is more likely in the region where the naval power operation like the Taiwan Strait is possible with the almost equality to that of the United States. China will continue to use its naval forces to achieve a rapid and decisive victory over U.S in the close area from the land.