• 제목/요약/키워드: Verbal behavior

검색결과 213건 처리시간 0.024초

3, 4, 5세 유아의 공격행동에 대한 도덕 판단 및 정당화 추론과 틀린믿음 이해와의 관계 (The Moral Judgment and Justification Reasoning in terms of Aggressive Behavior by 3, 4 and 5 Year Olds : The Relationship to Children's False Belief Understanding)

  • 김유미;이순형
    • 아동학회지
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    • 제35권3호
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    • pp.49-69
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    • 2014
  • The purposes of this study were (1) to investigate children's moral judgment, justification reasoning in terms of aggressive behavior, and (2) it examined the relationship to false belief understanding. Children aged between 3 to 5 years(N = 120) participated in this study. Each child was interviewed individually and responded questions designed to measure his/her moral judgment and justification reasoning and false belief understanding. The 12 pictorial tasks consisted of selfish and altruistic intentions and three different types of acts (physical, verbal, relational) as responses to aggressive behavior. The results indicated that the kind of moral judgment used was different according to the intention and the types of acts. There were significant differences in children's justification reasoning according to the age and the types of acts. There was a positive relationship between false belief understanding and moral judgment, justification reasoning. This paper also provided a detailed discussion of the results and recommendations in the context of more general cognitive developmental changes.

걸음마기 영아의 기질적 특성에 관한 어머니의 신념과 반응 (Korean Mothers' Beliefs Regarding Toddlers' Temperament, and their Reactions to What they View as Desirable and Undesirable Behavior)

  • 윤기봉;박성연
    • 아동학회지
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    • 제34권1호
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    • pp.103-121
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    • 2013
  • The purpose of this study was to explore Korean mothers' beliefs regarding their toddlers' temperament, including what they believe constitutes desirable and undesirable behavior, and their resulting reactions. Data were collected int the process of interviewing 50 Korean mothers of toddlers (whose average age was 34.1 Months, and of which 54% were boys). Results revealed that mothers considered 'High-Sociality', 'Positive Affect' and 'High-Effortful Control' as desirable temperaments, whereas 'Negative Affect', 'Under-Effortful Control' and 'Low Sociality' were considered to be undesirable temperaments for toddlers. Mothers cited the importance of child 'Sociality' and 'Development', 'Easiness of Parenting' and 'Child Happiness' as the reasons for their beliefs. While, they considered 'Negative Affect', 'Under-Effortful Control' and 'Low Sociality' to be undesirable temperaments, citing 'Sociality', 'Difficulty of Parenting', 'Development' and 'Child Safety' as the reasons. Finally, mothers were more likely to give verbal encouragement or physical encouragement such as hugging, in responding to desirable behavior on the part of their child, whereas they were more likely to give firm inhibition, reasoning or inconsistent reaction to their child's undesirable behavior. Many of the mothers' beliefs varied depending on the child's gender. Results were discussed in relation to cultural perspectives.

자폐장애 아동을 대상으로 한 음악치료 중재 효과 연구 (The Effects of a Music Therapy Program for Autistic Children in Child Day Care Centers)

  • 주세진;최신형;남옥선
    • 한국간호교육학회지
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.114-122
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    • 2007
  • Purpose: This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of Music Therapy for the autistic children. Method: The subjects of this study consisted of 3 autistic children who were trained in an Attachment Promotion Therapy Program for 6 months. The Children were all males and 4years 9months, 3years 1 month, and 3years 8month each, and diagnosed with Autism by Child and Adolescent Psychiatrists. Data was collected by using video-taping methods(ADOS, Fagot's Interactive Behavior Code), an interview and observational methods(SMS). Music Therapy intervention was done once a week for 6 months. Data was gathered by quantitative and qualitative analysis. Result: This study showed that the Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale and Social Maturity Quotient(SQ) much improved after the Music Therapy After the Music Therapy, the Interactive Behavior Code : Gaze, Gesture for the communication, Verbal language, Laughing/Smile, and Normal play behaviors increased more than before the intervention. As the results show, the child's behavior became more positively responsive, playful, and attentive to others. Conclusion: This study suggests that Music Therapy might be an effective intervention for autistic disorder children in order to decrease autistic symptoms and increase joint attention behavior.

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일부 외국인 여성의 구강보건지식, 구강보건행태, 구강건강문해력의 융합적 관계 (Convergent relationship between oral health knowledge, oral health behavior, oral health literacy in Some Foreign Women)

  • 장선주;박영남
    • 한국융합학회논문지
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    • 제10권4호
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    • pp.57-63
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    • 2019
  • 본 연구는 외국인 여성의 구강건강문해력을 측정하여 구강보건지식, 구강보건행태와 구강건강문해력의 연관성을 알아보고자 한다. 연구대상자는 2018년 6월~2018년 9월 까지 경북 일부 지역의 외국인 여성 248에게 설문지 조사를 실시하였다. 연구결과는 언어적 구강건강문해력은 나이, 교육수준, 한국거주기간에서, 기능적 구강건강문해력은 결혼유무, 교육수준, 한국거주기간에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 외국인 여성의 구강건건강문해력을 증진시키기 위해서는 구강보건지식과 구강 보건행태를 변화 시킬 수 있는 효율적인 구강건강프로그램이 개발되어야 하겠다.

중등 예비 화학교사의 해결자·청취자 활동을 통한 지필평가 문항 제작 과정에서 언어적 행동 및 상호작용 (Verbal Behaviors and Interactions in Processes of Making Written Test Items Using Paired Think Aloud Problem Solving for Pre-Service Secondary Chemistry Teachers)

  • 강훈식
    • 한국과학교육학회지
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    • 제38권5호
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    • pp.611-623
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    • 2018
  • 이 연구에서는 중등 예비 화학교사가 해결자 청취자 활동을 통하여 지필평가 문항을 제작하는 과정에서 나타난 해결자와 청취자의 언어적 행동 및 상호작용을 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 2명의 예비교사로 구성된 4개 조의 해결자 청취자 활동을 통한 지필평가 문항 제작 활동을 녹화 후 전사하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 10가지 해결자의 언어적 행동 항목 중에서는 PCK 구성 요소 사이의 '통합' 여부와 관계없이 '제작'이 가장 많이 나타났다. 그 다음으로는 '제공', '수정', '동의요청', '질문', '동의', '정당화' 등도 비교적 많았는데, 특히 '질문'의 경우 '비통합'에서 더 많았던 반면, '정당화'의 경우에는 '통합'에서 더 많았다. 8가지 청취자의 언어적 행동 항목 중에서는 '통합' 여부와 관계없이 '지적', '질문', '동의'가 비교적 많았는데, 특히 '비통합'에서는 '질문'과 '동의'가 더 많았고 '통합'에서는 '지적'이 더 많았다. 언어적 상호작용 유형 중에서는 '대칭형'이 '청취자 주도형'이나 '해결자 주도형'보다 더 많았다. 또한 '대칭형'의 경우 '통합'에서 더 많았던 반면, '해결자 주도형'의 경우에는 '비통합'에서 더 많았다. '청취자 주도형'에서는 '통합' 여부에 관계없이 유사하게 나타났다. '대칭형'은 23가지 항목 중에서 '질문-제공'과 '지적-정당화'가 비교적 많았는데, 그 중에서도 '지적-정당화'는 '통합'에서 더 많았고, '질문-제공'은 '비통합'에서 더 많았다. '통합' 여부와 관계없이 '청취자 주도형'의 경우에는 4가지 항목 중에서 '지적-수정'이 가장 많았고, '해결자 주도형'에서는 3가지 항목 중에서 '제작-동의'가 가장 많았다. 3가지 상호작용 유형에 대하여 다른 항목의 경우에는 매우 적게 나타났다.

부모의 지각에 따른 유아영재의 비동시적 발달특성 (Asynchronous development of young gifted children by parents′ perception)

  • 윤형주;윤여홍
    • 영재교육연구
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.65-80
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    • 2003
  • 본 연구는 부모가 지각한 유아영재의 각 발달특성의 수준을 알아보고, 발달 특성 영역간 발달수준 차이가 있는 지를 알아보고자 만 30개월부터 6세 10개월까지 유아영재교육을 받고 있는 145명 유아영재를 대상으로 하여 30개월부터 47개월까지, 48개월부터 60개월까지, 60개월부터 6세 10개월까지를 유아 1,2,3집단으로 세분화하여 살펴보았다. 연구결과, 첫째, 유아영재들은 모든 발달특성에서의 발달수준을 살펴본 결과, 모든 연령 대에서 보통 수준이상으로 발달하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 여러 발달특성 중 언어이해 및 표현능력이 가장 높은 수준으로 발달하고 있었으며, 지적능력, 정서적 성숙함, 손과-눈의 협응력 및 손을 이용한 활동능력, 도덕성, 자기행동조절능력, 감정 조절 및 통제능력, 신체발달, 사회성, 또래관계형성능력, 리더십 순으로 발달하고 있었다. 둘째, 지적 능력과 언어이해 및 표현능력과 같은 인지적인 발달은 모든 연령 대에서 사회$.$신체발달 및 감정조절 및 통제능력에 비하여 빠르게 발달하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 연령이 어릴수록 신체발달과 자기행동조절능력, 감정조절 및 통제능력간의 발달차이가 더 나타나고 있었으며, 연령이 높아질수록 언어이해 및 표현능력과 손을 이용한 활동능력간의 발달차이가 더 커짐을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 사회성, 또래관계형성능력과 같은 사회성 발달도 자기행동조절과 감정조절 및 통제능력발달 수준에 못 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 감정조절 능력 및 통제능력에 비해 리더십은 발달하지 않고 있었으며, 도덕성은 자기행동조절능력 발달수준에 못 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과는 유아 단계의 영재아동을 대상으로 하여 그들의 발달특성을 고려한 교육 프로그램뿐만 아니라, 영재아들이 여러 어려움을 극복할 수 있도록 도와줄 수 있는 부모와 교사들에게 기초자료가 되었다는 점에서 그 의의가 있다처리구에서는 낮았다. 이는 $B_{0}$$B_4$ 처리구에서 뿌리발육의 저해/수량감소 특성과 연관된 것으로 보였다. 그러나 orchardgrass는 일관성을 보이지 안 했다. 두 목초 중 Mn, Cu 및 Zn의 함량에 미치는 붕소시비의 영향은 일관성을 보이지 안 했다. 4. 붕소 시용수준이 미량요소 양이온 총 농도((Fe+Mn+Cu+Zn)에 미치는 효과는 미약하였다. 일반적으로 충 농도의 변화는 Mn과 Zn의 함량에 밀접한 영향을 받았고, 반면에 Fe과 Cu의 함량은 경미한 영향을 보였다. white clover 중총 농도는 혼파보다 단파재배에서 더 높았다. 처리구보다 더 높았으며 반면에 white clover는 가장 낮았다. 큰 요인을 형성하는 1차적 환경이 가정이라는 점에서 2000 가족과 함께 하는 창의성 경진대회는 창의성 축제의 한마당이었다고 감히 결론짓고자 한다.계시비 수준은 3회 예취구에서 558.9 kg $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$, 4회 예취구에서 531.4 kg $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$, 5회 예취구에서 546.3 kg $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ 이었으며, 이 때 얻어지는 최대 건물수량은 각각 18.4 ton, 12.7 ton, 10.6 ton $ha^{-1}$ 이었다. 8. 예취빈도별 예취번초의 경제적 시비수준은 3회 예취구에서 42.6~123.8 kg $ha^{-1}$, 4회 예취구에서 2 27.3~144.1 kg $ha^{-1}$, 5회 예취구에서 9.3~159.4 kg $ha^{-1}$의 범위를 나타내었다. 9. 유휴 논 토양에서 무기태 질소를 단기간 시비하여 reed canarygrass의 건물수량을 얻기 위해서는 예취빈도는 연간

수형자들의 아동기 외상이 분노유발사건에 대한 행동적 반응에 미치는 영향과 인지적 매개효과 (The Effect of Childhood Trauma on Anger Behavior through Cognitive Response of Anger among Prisoners)

  • 황다연;이경순;장은영
    • 대한불안의학회지
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.95-102
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    • 2014
  • Objective : Previous research showed that childhood trauma or domestic violence resulted in difficulties in controlling emotion and problem solving and vulnerability to psychiatric disorders. To understand the long term effect of childhood trauma, this study investigated their influences on cognitive processing of anger-evoking event and anger behavior among prisoners. Methods : All data were collected from 198 prisoners off our districts in Korea. After they consented to participate, prison officer distributed a questionnaire that included scales to demographic measure, childhood abuse (emotional abuse, physical abuse, and neglect), cognitive response of anger (attentional focus, suspicion, rumination, and hostile attitude) and behavior of anger (impulsive reaction, verbal aggression, physical confrontation, and indirect expression). For statistical analyses, SPSS 18.0 were used and path coefficients were evaluated from the structural equational modeling using LISREL 8.52. Results : Almost 50% of prisoners of our sample experienced one or more trauma during childhood. Then we tested the long term effect of childhood trauma on anger response by structural equation modeling. As expected, childhood trauma was associated with cognitive processing of anger-evoking event and anger behavior. More specifically, emotional abuse (${\beta}$=0.21, p<0.01) predicted suspicion which in turn associated with impulsive reaction (${\beta}$=0.73, p<0.001) and verbal aggression (${\beta}$=0.87, p<0.001). Emotional abuse (${\beta}$=0.24, p<0.01) also predicted hostile attitude which associated with physical confrontation (${\beta}$=0.80, p<0.001) and indirect expression (${\beta}$=0.80, p<0.001). Interestingly, physical abuse associated directly with impulsive reaction (${\beta}$=0.23, p<0.01) and indirect expression (${\beta}$=0.17, p<0.05). Neglect predicted rumination (${\beta}$=0.15, p <0.05) which associated with indirect expression marginally (${\beta}$=0.11, P<0.10). Conclusion : The results of this study, suggest longitudinal and harmful effect of childhood trauma on difficulties in controlling anger. Especially, it was revealed that childhood abuse related with processing anger evoking events more suspicious and hostile and then various anger-expressing behaviors.

지역사회 고혈압 노인의 약물 자기관리 교육 프로그램의 효과 (Evaluation of a Medication Self-management Education Program for Elders with Hypertension Living in the Community)

  • 이종경
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제43권2호
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    • pp.267-275
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    • 2013
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a medication self-management education program on medication awareness, communication with health care provider, medication misuse behavior, and blood pressure in elders with hypertension. Methods: The research design for this study was a non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental design. Participants were 23 elders for the control group, and 26 elders for the experimental group. The experimental group participated in the medication self-management education program which included the following, verbal education, 1:1 consultation, practice in medication self-management, and discussion over 5 sessions. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 18.0 program. Results: There were statistically significant differences between the experimental and control group for medication awareness, medication misuse behavior, and communication with health care providers. However, no significant difference was found between the two groups for blood pressure. Conclusion: The results indicate that the education program is effective in improving medication awareness and communication with health care providers and in decreasing medication misuse behavior. Therefore, it is recommended that this education program be used as an effective intervention for improving medication self-management for elders with hypertension.

초등학생의 분노유발상황에 초점을 둔 인지행동적 분노조절 프로그램의 효과 (Development of A Cognitive-Behavioral Anger Control Program and It's Effects on Elementary School Children Under the Anger-inducing Situation)

  • 이미경
    • 초등상담연구
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.141-169
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    • 2007
  • One of the most common feelings in everyday life is anger. Anger plays an important role in activating emotional energy and increasing intolerance when confronted with hardships, frustration and improper treatments. And it provides us with controlling interpersonal behavior, organizing internal, physiological, psychological process and various adaptive functions. If anger is not properly expressed, it brings about offensive attitude, leading to not only physical impairment but also anxiety in interpersonal relations and maladaptive to everyday life. For elementary school students, frequent quarrels, abusive words and defiant attitude toward adults are also caused by students' anger. Therefore, students' anger is one of the most difficult problems to be dealt with not only psychologically but also in elementary schools. In this respect, after investigating frequently experienced anger- inducing situations and inventing anger-inducing situation questionnaire, we postulated specific situations changing irrational belief into rational one. Based on these situations, we accounted for how to cope with anger inducing factors and change irrational belief into rational one, introducing several strategies needed to control anger, invented cognitive behavioral anger control program and tried to clarify the relationship between anger inducing experience and anger regulation ability. In order to derive usual anger-inducing situations, we made 180 students with fifth and sixth grade to record the reason why he/she got angry, mood, thought, behavior and result. Through this process, we could derive 47 situations bringing about anger and prepared anger-inducing situation questionnaire. It can be divided into 3 anger inducing situations by using factor analysis into 500 elementary students of fifth and sixth grade. Cognitive behavioral anger control program used in this study consists of 13 sessions. From first to fifth session, it is composed of 10 anger control methods to make students be aware of and control their anger. From sixth through thirteenth session, the relationship between irrational belief and anger inducing is introduced is focused on how irrational belief is changed into rational one. To examine the effects of the program, high anger students and the students lacking anger control are selected. Thirty students through pre-test using anger-inducing questionnaire and anger control ability questionnaire are taught the goals and procedures. Volunteer students and students with parents' consent allocated to experimental group (12 students) and the rest of the students are control group (12 students). Cognitive Behavioral Anger Control Program are applied every 50 minutes twice a week for 7 weeks and 4 weeks before and after this program, anger-inducing situation questionnaire and anger control ability questionnaire are practiced. Data collected in this study analyzed by SPSS and Kwakstat. In the middle of this program, quarterly reports and satisfaction measuratings were evaluated to examine whether there is verbal and non-verbal behavior change and students feel satisfied with the program. The results of this study are as follows: First, Cognitive-behavioral anger control program used in this study effectively reduced anger experience and lasted for 4 weeks. Second, cognitive behavioral anger control program increased students' ability to control anger inducing situations and also effective for 4 weeks. And its effect on verbal and non-verbal behaviour was very impressive Students come to realize that irrational belief is the cause of their anger and actively apply cognitive-behavioral anger control technique to themselves as well. Students became improved in their peer relations and felt confident in everyday life. The overall evaluation of this program can be listed as follows; "very satisfactory (91.67%)", "satisfactory (8.33%)", "very helpful (91.67%)", "helpful (8.33%). In this study we first investigated several anger-inducing situations and invented anger-inducing situation questionnaire and then applied cognitive behavioral anger control program in order to control their. anger and not to experience it. By creating workbooks and manuals this method can easily be used in school education settings.

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만 2세 영아-어머니, 영아-아버지의 그림책 읽기행동 및 가정문해환경과 영아의 어휘력 간의 관계 (The Relationship between Parents' Book Reading Behavior and Home Literacy Environment and Their Effect on a Toddler's Vocabulary)

  • 임수경;김명순
    • 아동학회지
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    • 제34권3호
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    • pp.1-19
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    • 2013
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between parents' behavior during picture-book reading and home literacy environment and their effects on toddlers' vocabulary. The subjects of the study were 46 toddlers and their parents. The MCDI-K(Im, 2002), Lee and Kim(2004)'s categories of Verbal Behaviors, the categories of Nonverbal Behavioral Analysis(Kim, 2005), and the Home Literacy Environment Index(Han, 2006) were used. The analysis of the collected data was guided by the research questions and involved the use of descriptive statistics, t-test and an analysis of relevant correlations. The results of this study were as follows; First, the toddlers' receptive vocabulary score was 1.2 times higher than the toddler's expressive vocabulary score. Second, the father's book reading behaviors and mother's book reading behaviors were quite similar, the most frequent types of behavior being the use of 'feedback', 'explanation', 'questioning' and 'pointing'. On the other hand, there was a significant difference between the reading behavior of the mother and father as regards the categories of 'linguistic attention ventilation', 'suggesting', 'directing(instructing)', 'expanding feedback', 'pointing' and 'gesture'. Mothers performed more of these behaviors than the fathers. Third, toddler's vocabulary scores were positively correlated with the mother's 'linguistic attention ventilation'. However, the mother's use of 'restriction' was negatively correlated with the toddler's vocabulary level. Toddler's vocabulary scores were positively correlated with the father's 'description', 'reasoning/predicting', 'questioning about function or action', 'demanding feedback' and 'pointing'. The toddler's vocabulary scores were also positively correlated with the relative abundance of home environment materials and the amount of time spent on parent-child home literacy activity.