• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.352-365
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• 1997

As a serials of researches for the restoration model of evergreen broad-leaved forests, the restoration strategies of the case study areas were proposed. Restoration type of vegetation were classified into an improvement type and a reconstruction type and a reconstruction type for Wando(Island). Improvement type of restoration was suggested for Mokdo(Island). Quercus acuta community, Q. salicina community, Neolitsea sericea community, Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii community, Machilus thunbergii community, Cinnamomum japonicum community, etc. were suggested as a restoration goal of vegetation for Sando(Island). Machlus thunvergii community was suggested as a restoration goal of vegetation for Mokdo(Island). Also the species restoration olan of the Wando(Island) was prepared for Quercus salicina of Fagaceae and Ostrya japonica of Betulaceae those which the natural distribution and population size were very limited. There was no species which needed for species restoration urgently at Mokdo(Island).

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.33-50
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• 1990

The flora and vegetation of Jindo Archipelago were investigated from 1985 to 1989. In the area, 1089 species, 3 subspecies, 133 varieties, and 22 forma of vascular plants were recovered. From the data, the ecological characteristics such a value 1.39 in Pte-Q and Ch-$D_1-R_3$-e in biological type were recognized. Vegetation of the area is classified into 8 communities: Pinus thunbergii-, Quercus serrata-, Q. variabilis-, Carpinus coreana-, Prunus sargentii-, Camellia japonica-, Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii and Q. acuta-community. The actual vegetation map was conducted with the materials obtained by the investigation of the vegetation in 103 area.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.673-678
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• 2002

A satellite remote sensing is useful for vegetation monitoring. But it has some problem. One of these, it is difficult to find a difference of vegetation surface roughness using satellite remote sensing. Each vegetation type has unique surface roughness, for example needle leaves forest, broad leaves forest and grassland. Difference of vegetation surface roughness can be detected by satellite multiangular observation. In this study, objective is to propose index of vegetation surface roughness using BRF property. General vegetation indices are calculated from nadir data of satellite data. A proposed index is calculated from two different observation zenith angle data. Two different zenith data can provide BRF (Bi-directional Reflectance Factor) property of satellite observation data. A proposed index was able to detect different value on where NDVI shows similar high value areas of rice field and forest. This index is useful for vegetation monitoring.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.83-93
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• 2008

Assessing for flora distribution is necessary for land management and environmental research in reclaimed lands. This study was conducted to find out the relationship between vegetation distribution and soil salinity on three reclaimed tidal flats of Kyonggi-bay in the mid-west coast of Korea. We investigated the soil salinity and identified the vegetation at the continuum distribution spots, and describe the characteristics of continuum distribution. On the reclaimed tidal flats, spatial variation of vegetation formed partially, however as the result for connection of each spatial variation along with the soil salinity, continuum distribution formed and it was overlapped edaphic gradient with vegetation distribution, it means that the continuum distribution correspond with soil salinity gradient, as the evidence high salt tolerance species occurred at high saline spots, non salt tolerance species occurred at low saline spots. On the aged reclaimed tidal flats, continuum type was various and also clearly distinguished but it was not clear on the early stage of reclamation. The continuum distribution distinguished sequential and non-sequential type. Sequential type started from high saline zone and connected to low saline zone gradually, on this type, vegetation changed from pioneer halophyte to facultative halophyte and glycophyte along with the salinity gradient. Non-sequential type formed by non-sequential change of soil salinity, on this type, vegetation distribution was non-regular form because it has not changed gradually. In the aged reclaimed land, vegetation wilted zone existed with high salinity, and continuum distribution started from this zone with bare patch.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.107 no.2
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• pp.113-125
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• 2018

Subalpine zone is geographically vulnerable to climate change. Forest vegetation in this zone is one of the important basic indicator to observe the influence of climate change. This study was conducting phytosociological community classification and endemic-rare plants investigation based on vulnerable species to climate change at the subalpine zone, Mt. Jiri. Vegetation data were collected by 37 quadrate plots from March to October, 2015. In order to understand the species composition of plant sociological vegetation types and the ecological impacts of species, we analyzed the layer structure of vegetation type using important values. Vegetation type was classified into eight species groups and five vegetation units. The vegetation types can be suggested as an indicator on the change of species composition according to the future climate change. There were 9 taxa endemic plants and 17 taxa rare plants designated by KFS(Korea Forest Service) where 41.2% of them were the northern plant. Endemic-rare plants increased as the altitude of vegetation unit increase. Importance value analysis showed that the mean importance value of Abies koreana was highest of all vegetation units. Based on analysis of each layer, all units except vegetation unit 1 were considered to be in competition with the species such as Quercus mongolica and Acer pseudosieboldianum. The results of this study can be a basic data to understand the new patterns caused by climate change. In addition, it can be a basic indicator of long-term monitoring through vegetation science approach.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.205-214
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to suggest vegetation management method as the cultural landscape forest of Dongbaek Island which is the district monument. The study area was $20,000m^2$ around the peak area in management as the nature sabbatical area. Vegetation structure type was classified with the criteria of topography, vegetation, management and the management plan was derived from the vegetation structure analysis according to the types. Vegetation structure types were Management-Camellia japonica, Non-management-Eurya japonica, Non-management-Rugged area-Eurya japonica. As the result of vegetation structure, Pinus thunbergii dominated in canopy layer and Camellia japonica and Eurya japonica dominated in Type I and in Type II and III, respectively. Especially, Machilus thunbergii as the climax species in the warm temperate forest were distributed centering shrubs, and as the result of distribution of diameter of breast height, middle size of Celtis sinensis and Machilus thunbergii were distributed in type I, II. Machilus thunbergii were distributed in range of 4 to 44 individuals through the all types. Mean age of canopy layer was 66 year-old and sub-canopy layer was 22.9 year-old. Shanon's species diversity was analysed from 0.5472 to 0.8646. As the vegetation management direction of Dongbaek island, managed Camellia japonica forest was suggested to maintain the regular management and non-managed Eurya japonica forest was required to remove the Eurya japonica and plant the Camellia japonica. In case of non managed Eurya japonica forest in rugged area, vegetation succession was required to laurel forest.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.188-201
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• 2017

Based on a total of 272 vegetation data collected by the ZM school phytosociological study method, the composition and structural characteristics of the forest vegetation in the Sogwang-ri forest genetic resource reservoir located in Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do were compared using the table comparison method and the TWINSPAN method, And their ecological characteristics were analyzed. The types of forest vegetation were classified into 7 types, and it was divided into two major groups, 'Slope and Ridge type', which characterized by Quercus mongolica, Pinus densiflora for. erecta, Lespedeza bicolor etc. and 'valley and concave slope', which characterized by Cornus controversa, Fraxinus mandshurica, Morus bombycis, Hydrangea serrata for. acuminata etc. The hierarchy of the vegetation unit was 2 community groups, 4 communities, and 6 subcommunities. The structural characteristics such as the total percent cover, species importance value, species diversity of the constituent species per unit area($/100m^2$) of each type of forest vegetation were also identified. In order to understand the spatial distribution of forest vegetation, 1/5,000 large-scale physiognomic vegetation map was created by the uppermost dominant species. The composition and structural characteristics of Geumgang pine(P. densiflora for. erecta) forest, which is a core community of protected area by natural and anthropogenic influences, appear as a subtype of Quercus mongolica forest, which is a potential natural vegetation, Appropriate maintenance measures seemed urgently needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.127-136
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• 2011

This study was conducted on the field application for a method which is currently used. Although the method was performed with experimental knowledge, this study attempted to approach scientific ways through thirty sets of test-bed and three times monitoring limited by control variations for three months. The factors on previous studies are slope location, slope degree, type (roadfill vs. roadcut), aspect, vegetation cover, species, thickness, vertical length, horizontal length, soil type, elevation, erosion, soil-moisture, soil-hardness, pH, and so on. However, the factors of a suitable and significant level are slope degree, type, aspect, thickness, soil-moisture, vertical length and horizontal length in slope revegetation. the results were as follows : As a result of survey on soil types based on the status before construction, the rate of vegetation cover with non-mesh construction in soil areas was better than the rate of vegetation cover with fiber meshes and wire meshes. The rate of vegetation cover with fiber meshes in weathered rocks was better than using wire meshes. The rate of vegetation cover with the wire meshes in blasted rocks was better than using fiber meshes. Also, the factors affecting the rate of vegetation cover presented the number of appearance species, soil-moisture, thickness. this result presented the more appearance species as a positive role, and the lower soil-moisture and the thicker soil as a negative role.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.237-249
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• 2011

Land-use changes due to the socio-economic environment influence landscape patterns and processes, which affect habitats and biodiversity. This study considers the effects of such land-use changes, particularly on the traditional rural "Maeul" forested landscape, by analyzing landscape structure and vegetation changes. Three study areas were examined that have seen their populations decrease and age over the last few decades. Five types of plant life-forms (Raunkier life-forms) were distinguished to investigate ecosystem function. Principle component analysis was used to understand vegetation dynamics and community characteristics based on a vegetation similarity index. Ordination analysis transformed species-coverage data was introduced to clarify vegetation dynamics. Landscape indices, such as area metrics, edge metrics, and shape metrics, showed that spatial heterogeneity has increased over time in all areas. Pinus densiflora was the main land-use plant type in all study areas but decreased over time, whereas Quercus spp. increased. Over a decade, P. densiflora communities shifted to deciduous oak and plantation. These findings indicate that the impact of human activities on the Maeul landscape is twofold. While forestry activities caused heavy disturbances, the abandonment of traditional human activities has led to natural succession. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the type and intensity of these human impacts on landscape heterogeneity relate differently to vegetation succession. This reflects the cause and consequence of patch dynamics. We discuss an approach for sustainable landscape planning and management of the Maeul landscape based on traditional management.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.15-27
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to investigate vegetation structure and present management planning of mountain type green space using the green space changes during the 20 years, actual vegetation, and plant community structure in land area of Inchon, Korea. The actual vegetation area in survey sites was consisted of Quercus acutissima community, Robinia pseudoacacia forest, Pinus rigida forest, Q. mongolica-Pinus rigida community, P. rigida-Q. mongolica community, Q. monogolica community and so on. According to the classification by TWINSPAN, 61 survey plots were divided into 9 groups; Q. mongolica-Alnus japonica-R. pseudoacacia-P. densiflora, R. pseudoacacia-Styrax japonica, P. rigida-R. pseudoacacia-Q. mongolica, R. pseudoacacia-P. rigida-Q. mongolica-A. hirusta, Q. mongolica-P. thunbergii, and prunus sargentii-Zelkova serrata community. From this result, ecological succession trend of vegetation seems to be change from artificial result, ecological succession trend of vegetation seems to be change from artificial planting forest to native plant community which was dominated by Quercus spp.. This study area need to manage for the increase of biodiversity through the restoration of naturalness by ecological management of artificial planting forest and ecological planting of injured green space.