• Title/Summary/Keyword: Variable cost

Search Result 1,170, Processing Time 0.024 seconds

Estimates of the Economic Value of Houshold Work by Fulltime Home Makers (가사노동의 경제적 가치평가에 관한 연구)

  • 김선희
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
    • /
    • v.28 no.2
    • /
    • pp.73-89
    • /
    • 1990
  • The aim of the present study is to estimates the economic value of household work done by fulltime home makers, using alternative methods of valuation household work in Pusan Korea. Eight findings, five different methods -Self Estimation by Home Makers, Reservation Wage, Opportunity Cost, Individual function Cost, Replacement Cost(Visiting Housekeeper, Housekeeper, General Managemet, Housekeeper & General Management)- are tried for the estimation of economic value of household work. The results of this study can be outlined as follows : 1) The economic value of household work varies substantially by the methods of estimating. The averages are : 2) The economic value of household work varies with the level of education, ages, the number of children, the stage of FLC in all method of estimation, and the level of income in self estimation by home makers, Reservation wage. Specially, FLC revealed good explanation variable in method of estimation as input household work time. 3) The gap between two-day survey and three-day survey in household work time questionaire didn't so much.

  • PDF

A Study on Development of Labor-saving and Automatic Agricultural Machinery for Onions Harvest (노동생력화 전자동 양파수확용 농기계 개발에 관한 연구)

  • 김인주;박창언;윤복현;김일수
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
    • /
    • 2003.04a
    • /
    • pp.45-49
    • /
    • 2003
  • According to the rising of national economic level, domestic consumption of vegetables having high additive values is increased continuously due to increased consumption of meat in last decade. These vegetables are produced almost in this country and are limited to import from neighbor countries in due of high transportation expenses for storing in refrigerated container. It is very important to mechanize the harvest work, forming more than 30% for their production cost, in order to cultivate variable vegetables at the same time according to their harvesting seasons. In this state its former harvest methods, with using of human power or semi-automatic harvest, caused to increase their production cost due to high labor cost and low working efficiency.

  • PDF

Warranty cost modeling using the parametric method

  • Park, Min-Jae
    • Journal of Applied Reliability
    • /
    • v.11 no.1
    • /
    • pp.43-57
    • /
    • 2011
  • In the paper, we consider two-dimensional warranty policy with failure times and repair times. The failure times are considered within the warranty period and the repair times are considered within the repair time limit. Under the renewable warranty policy and non-renewable warranty policy, we consider the number of warranty services in the censored area by warranty period and repair time limit to conduct warranty cost analysis. We investigate the field data to check their dependency and implement our proposed approaches to conduct warranty cost analysis using the parametric methods. Numerical examples are discussed to demonstrate the applicability of the methodologies and results based on the proposed approach in the paper.

Implementation of Neural Network for Cost Minimum Routing of Distribution System Planning (배전계통계획의 최소비용 경로탐색을 위한 신경회로망의 구현)

  • Choi, Nam-Jin;Kim, Byung-Seop;Chae, Myung-Suk;Shin, Joong-Rin
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
    • /
    • 1999.11b
    • /
    • pp.232-235
    • /
    • 1999
  • This paper presents a HNN(Hopfield Neural Network) model to solve the ORP(Optimal Routing Problem) in DSP(Distribution System Planning). This problem is generally formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem with various equality and inequality constraints. Precedent study[3] considered only fixed cert, but in this paper, we proposed the capability of optimization by fixed cost and variable cost. And suggested the corrected formulation of energy function for improving the characteristics of convergence. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated through the sample distribution planning problem and the simmulation results are presented.

  • PDF

The study of stochastic inventory model with setup cost and backorder rate (Setup cost와 Backorder rate를 고려한 확률적 재고모형에 관한 연구)

  • 유승우;서창현;김경섭
    • Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
    • /
    • 2003.06a
    • /
    • pp.129-134
    • /
    • 2003
  • In this paper, we determine optimal reduction in the lead time and setup cost for some stochastic inventory models. And we propose more general model that allow the backorder rate as a control variable. We first assume that the lead time demand follows a normal distribution. And we assume that the backorder rate is dependent on the length of lead time through the amount of shortages. The stochastic models analyzed in this paper are the classical continuous and periodic review policy models with a mixture of backorders and lost sales. For each of these models, we provide a sufficient conditions for the uniqueness of the optimal operating policy. We also develop algorithms for solving these models and provide illustrative numerical examples.

  • PDF

Optimizing Design Variables for High Efficiency Induction Motor Considering Cost Effect by Using Genetic Algorithm

  • Han, Pil-Wan;Seo, Un-Jae;Choi, Jae-Hak;Chun, Yon-Do;Koo, Dae-Hyun;Lee, Ju
    • Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
    • /
    • v.7 no.6
    • /
    • pp.948-953
    • /
    • 2012
  • The characteristics of an induction motor vary with the number of parameters and the performance relationship between the parameters also is implicit. In case of the induction motor design, we generally should estimate many objective physical quantities in the optimization procedure. In this article, the multi objective design optimization based on genetic algorithm is applied for the three phase induction motor. The efficiency, starting torque, and material cost are selected for the objectives. The validity of the design results is also clarified by comparison between calculated results and measured ones.

An efficient dynamic routing scheme for delay-bounded multicasting

  • Kang, Moon-Sik
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
    • /
    • v.22 no.12
    • /
    • pp.2626-2634
    • /
    • 1997
  • The purpose of multicasting is to reduce the network costs for transmitting the same traffic to multiple destinations. In this paper, an efficient delay-bounded multicasting routing algorithm is proposed, which satistifies the network conditions of cost minimization and can adjust the dynamic events, such as 'leave and/or join ones' from the multicast group. Also, our algorithm is designed for various network requirements such as the efficiet dynamic group support, high-quality data distribution, and adaptability to variable situation. After the delay tolerance and the maximum group size are determined according to network state and requirements for delay and cost, the dynamic delay-bounded multicast tree is constructed using partial multicast routing. We evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm by running simulations on randomly generated test networks using a Sun Sparc 20 workstation. We were able to obtain good simulation resutls, which means solutions that lies between the minimum cost solution and the minimum delay one.

  • PDF

Characteristic Analysis and Design of a Single Phase Switched Reluctance Motor for High Speed Application

  • Kim, Youn-Hyun
    • KIEE International Transaction on Electrical Machinery and Energy Conversion Systems
    • /
    • v.4B no.3
    • /
    • pp.114-121
    • /
    • 2004
  • Switched reluctance motors have received much attention as a driving means for various industrial applications because they have simple construction, low cost and high efficiency. Nevertheless, the requirements of drive converters make it difficult to lower the overall system cost as compared with the DC motor application. Single phase switched reluctance motors (SPSRMs) provide a solution to the high cost problem since the number of switching power devices can be reduced and consequently the trials for application are increased. However, research involving SPSRMs, especially in the area of design work, is insufficient. This paper introduces a novel design methodology of single phase SRM. The design work for SPSRM comprises the determination of many variables such as stator and rotor pole arc as well as on, off and so on. Managing all variable combinations leads to lengthy computation time and a fault in the design process. For that reason, a reliable technique and brief procedure term are required in SPSRM design.

A Study on Optimization of Crankshaft in Diesel Engine (디이젤 엔진의 크랭크축 최적설계에 관한 연구)

  • Cho, S.B.;Ahn, S.H.;Yoo, H.S.
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
    • /
    • v.3 no.5
    • /
    • pp.10-16
    • /
    • 1995
  • In this study, the optimum design is carried out upon the crankshaft of in-line 6-cylinder internal combustion diesel engine with the mechanical analysis for the layout design, which is standard calculation whose process contains quadratic curve fitting method and quasi newton method about cost function, design variables and constraint conditions, Without finite element analysis, this process in wich mechanical analysis is performed upon the most critical part in crankshaft gives necessary and satisfied output in layout design and saves time and cost in developing a new diesel engine. In this study, also, the 3-dimensional finite element method is used in confirming the standard calculation for the optimization of crankshaft and the shape optimization in crankweb is obtained.

  • PDF

Economic Design of a Process Monitoring Procedure for Dichotomous Performance Variable under 100% Inspection (이치형 성능변수를 이용한 전수검사 하에서의 공정감시절차의 경제적 설계)

  • Kwon, Hyuck-Moo
    • Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
    • /
    • v.24 no.3
    • /
    • pp.359-365
    • /
    • 1998
  • An economic process monitoring procedure is presented when the major quality characteristic of the item is dichotomous. Every item is inspected and decided whether it is conforming or not. If an item is found to be nonconforming, the previous number of the successive conforming items is compared with a predetermined number r to check the process for existence of any assignable cause of variation. A cost model is constructed on the basis of costs of inspection, illegal signal, undetected out-of-control state and corrective action. By minimizing the expected total cost per unit time, the optimal value of r is obtained. The effects of cost coefficients are studied numerically.

  • PDF