• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.11-24
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to present data on the human activities responding to the physical environment of ‘Ulsan’s Grand Parks by evaluating user behavior and activity, visiting motivations, and user satisfaction. This study was conducted using multi-methods such as interviews and questionnaires surveys. The main findings of this study can be summarized in six parts as follows: \circled1 Behavior patterns showed that the users visited the park left within 30 minutes and the frequency of visits was 1 or 2 times per week. They spent their time mostly on ‘walking’ and ‘picnicking’. The users visited regardless of the seasons or the day of the week. \circled2 The priorities for improvements were analyzed as follows: the users expressed their demands for ‘shadowing facilities’ like shelters and pergolas because they used these facilities frequently. Also, the users would like an ‘event program’, ‘sign system’ and ‘guide program’. \circled3 Analysis of the the user’s perception of the park showed that they perceive the park as ‘representative source of the landscape and open space in Ulsan and place for making contact with nature. \circled4 In examining the visiting motivations of the users of Ulsan Grand Park, it was revealed that people use the park for ‘time with family and friends’, ‘to escape from city life’, ‘to relieve fatigue. As a result of factor analysis, 4 factors were identified such as ‘physical motive(MF1)’, ‘exploratory motive(MF2)’, ‘social motive(MF3)’ and ‘emotional motive(MF4). \circled5 Park users’ evaluation for park facilities showed that people are satisfied with most of the facilities and especially, they have high level of satisfaction for ‘footpaths’, ‘squares’ and ‘picnicspace’. The evaluation of the park user’s of activity reveals that they are content with nearly all the variables. Especially, they have high level of satisfaction for the variables of ‘convenience for dynamic activities’, ‘making of a beautiful atmosphere, ‘accessibility from the outside’ and, ‘convenience in group activitie. Factor analysis of the park user’s of activity revealed 5 factors such as ‘convenience and interest factor (AF1)’, ‘park maintenance, management and use program(AF2)’, ‘visual beauty(AF3)’, ‘safety and accessibility(AF4)’ and ‘crowding(AF5)’. \circled6 Regression analysis was employed to get the predictor factors of overall satisfaction with a result of 60.0%($R^2$). The variance was explained as ‘quality of the picnic space’, ‘convenience and interest factor while using the park’, ‘park program for maintain and management in the park’, ‘visually beauty while using the park’, ‘safety and accessibility of the parks’, ‘quality of the pond’, ‘crowding’, ‘quality of the square’.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is, to examine current foodservice management practices at free meal service organization for elderly people and, to evaluate the attitude of recipients about the service and their ecological background. 6 meal service center as well as randomly selected 120 recipients at Sungnam area were surveyed and interviewed and result were summarized as follow. The cost of each meal (lunch) was ranged from 1,300 won to 1,500 won and number of attendant at meal service were ranged from 50 to 200 persons. Meal time for lunch begins from 10:30 am to noon because greater portion of people (elderly) didn't take breakfast frequently. Most of the center adapted self-service system. Standard recipe was not developed and meal preparation was controlled under the experiences of volunteer’s. Recording system of, nutrition management, production control, storage and inventory control was not well adapted by most of the center. In order to measure the level of storage, sanitation etc., scorin system in survey was adapted in this study and result are as follow: The score of sanitation of kitchen was lower than dinning area and that of food storage was lowest score. It was suggested that not only financial but also systematical support on management by local government may be necessary to meet the goal of supply nutritionally balanced food at the center. The score given by the recipient on the satisfaction of meal service was rate as 4.8 at the 5-point maximum scale. Meeting friends and share social relationship was major reason (41.6% of the total) of visiting to the center. It is suggested that in order to meet the changes of the patterns of change of social and family structure, the service of the center should be extended in urban area and it is necessary to develop systematic management models for the center.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.39-56
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• 2012

Technological advancements in information technology including RFID and mobile technologies have made it feasible to track the customers travel path in a store. The customer travel paths provide valuable implications to understanding the customer behaviors in a store. In our research, we develop a shopping path analysis system to track and analyze the customer travel path. The proposed system consists of RFID systems for collecting the customer paths and analysis system. The analysis system conducts clustering for identifying the distinctive shopping patterns, and analyzes the profile of a grocery, such as congestion rate, visiting rate, and staying time, etc. We show the applicability of our proposed system using the actual data obtained at a grocery in Seoul as a case study.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2010

A study examined visitors' satisfaction to urban arboretum in Daejeon metropolitan city, and analyzed utilization status. Also, the study was based on POE. POE is a last phase in the environmental planning and design process that follows the sequence of planning, programing, design construction, and use of a project. Urban arboretum contribute to improvement in the quality of living by providing urban citizens with places for refreshment, natural have important values on urban environment and to promote the quality of life for urbanite. So, the study aims to present data on the human activities responding to the physical environment of 'the Daejeon Hanbat Arboretum' by evaluating visitor's behavior and activity, visiting motivations, preference patterns, and the degree of visitor's satisfaction. This study is conducted by multi-method such as interviews and questionnaires surveys. On-site questionnaire surveys were conducted in the Hanbat arboretum on October 25-31 of 2009. Total of 265 questionnaires were analyzed for this study. The analysis of data was used SPSS 18.0 statistical analysis program. Data from visitors was analyzed by descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, multiple response analysis, and Anova. Then, the outcome will be compared and evaluated to install urban arboretum that reflect the desires of users in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.39-57
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• 1999

Essential hypertension is a typical chronic disease requiring adequate and continuous management. And many studies supported that self-care was the essential factor to promote the wellbeing. The purpose of this study is to identify and understand the behavior patterns of self-care in hypertensives. As a research method, 35 Q-statements were collected through Individual interviews and review of the related literatures. 21 subjects were interviewed and the data were analyzed by the PC QUANL program with principal component analysis. There were 6 different self-care types classified as follows 1) Type 1 was the self-oriented control type, monitoring the blood pressure and taking the low salt diet. But they didn't take the anti -hypertensive drug and visit the health agency regularly. 2) Type 2 was the stress-control type. Their main activities were meditation to relieve the stress and communication with family. 3) Type 3 was called daily-life control type. This type tried to make their mind comfort and think positively. They also preferred walking and exercise regularly. 4) Type 4 was the medical-oriented control type, taking the anti-hypertensive drug, visiting the medical personnel and following the medical regimens. 5) Type 5 was the medication-oriented type. They only took the anti -hypertensive drug regularly and didn't any other self-care like as monitoring the blood pressure, taking the low salt diet and exercise. 6) Type 6 was called non-medication control type. This type had no medication, but tried to visit the health agency and health personnel. From the above results, it can be concluded that the self-care types were very various and self-care education have to provide individually according to the characteristics of self-care type. Another repeated study can be recommended to improve the nursing intervention the self-care behavior in chronic patient like as diabetics or rheumatoid arthritis.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.65-73
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• 2013

The subjects were composed of 308 children who visited the department of pediatrics, ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ korean medicine hospital from January 2010 to May 2013. Results 1. Among 308 patients, there were 188 boys and 120 girls; their ratio was 1.57:1. The age distribution showed that 38.3% were in the age less than 1 years, 38.0% in 1 years, 7.8% in 2 years, 5.2% in 3 years, 3.3% in 4~5 years, 4.5% in 6~10 years, 2.9% in 19~21 years. 2. It was found that 36.7% of the sleep disorder was caused without motivation, 17.2% caused by negligent accidents, 13.9% by traffic accidents, 10.4% by the unfamiliar environment, 8.1% by separation from parents, 7.5% after suffering disease, and 6.2% by irritating sound. 3. The sleep onset insomnia accounts for 17.2% of sleep disorder, sleep maintenance insomnia for 67.5%, poor sleep quality 24.4%, and daytime sleep disorder takes 19.8%. The ratio of sleep onset insomnia in adolescence comprises larger proportion (44.4%) than it of any other age groups. 4. The symptoms complicated with sleep disorder are the respiratory infection which takes 25.3%, being easily startled 18.2%, anorexia 14.6%, soft stools frequency 13.0%, greenish stools 10.7%, and skin rash 10.7%. Conclusions The causes of sleep disorders, changes of sleeping patterns, and complicated diseases show diversity in children and adolescence. Further study of sleep disorders in children and adolescence should be progressed as well.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.67-81
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to analyze the report conducted in 2014 by the Ministry of Health and Welfares on influences of private insurance coverage on the use of Korean medicine. Methods : We analyzed Ministry of Health and welfares report on the use and consumption of Korean medicine to fit the purpose of this study. Comparison between private insurance holders and non-holders was made in the areas of sociodemographic characteristics, patient distribution by disorders, total number of disorders and existence of complex diseases, general perception of Korean medicine, and medical expenses and visits. Logistic regression analysis was made to verify the private insurance coverage. Results : Among sociodemographic characteristics, significant differences were observed in age distribution, education, professions, income level, and housing factors. But genders, area of residence, and marital status didn't show significant differences. Other significant differences including side effects, experience with Korean medicine, herbal medicine and acupuncture treatments, and main visiting facilities were shown between private insurance holders and non-holders. Majority of disorders treated with Korean medicine were musculoskeletal issues, and criteria of number of disorders, multiple diseases factors, and medical expenses/visits showed significant differences between the two groups. Conclusions : Summarizing above results indicate that holding a private insurance in addition to National Health Insurance contributes significant influences on the use of Korean medicine.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.625-639
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• 2015

The number of Chinese tourists visiting Korea has rapidly increased over the last decade. It is important to understand Chinese consumption patterns and shopping behavior because they have become major customers in the Korean fashion market. This study focuses on how Chinese tourists feel while shopping in Korea and how emotions influence their attitude towards purchased products. We examine how planned purchase and unplanned purchase impact shopping emotions and product usage satisfaction. A survey was conducted on 550 women between 20 and 60 years of age who have visited Seoul more than once with an online panel from an international survey firm. Data are analyzed using structural equation modeling by AMOS 20.0. Respondents were asked to recall most impressive fashion product that they bought in Korea during their recent visit and to answer if it was a planned or unplanned purchase. This study also measures emotions during product purchases and usage satisfaction. The respondents are categorized into heavy and light buyers according to purchasing power to determine the moderating effects of purchase amount. The results indicate that planned purchases tend to deliver positive emotions that enhance product usage satisfaction. In the case of unplanned purchases, without the mediating role of positive shopping emotions, it has a negative impact on product attitude and shows the importance of positive emotions during shopping. The influence of unplanned purchases on shopping emotions or product attitude in light buyers is not significant for the moderating effect of purchasing power. Only planned purchases trigger product usage satisfaction when it is mediated by positive emotions.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.149-159
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• 2005

Purpose: To determine the extent and rate of prescription drug therapy, especially polypharmacy and the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication use in Korean elderly ambulatory patients based on an explicit criterion. Methods: Performed a retrospective study of 65 years or older ambulatory patients visiting a university hospital based clinic from January 2002 to April 2004. Study determined the patterns of drug prescription per Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification and the potentially inappropriate medication usage based on explicit Beers criteria. Results: Of the 4,042 elderly patients the mean number of prescription was $2.2{\pm}2.0$, which was similar between genders and all age groups within the elderly. 10.7% of patients were prescribed with more than 5 medications concurrently. The most frequently prescribed medication was the drugs used for treating nervous system diseases (44.3%), followed by alimentary tract/metabolism disorders (27.6%), cardiovascular disease (10.7%), blood/blood forming disorders (4.3%), respiratory disorders (6.5%), and musculoskeletal diseases (3.2%). A total of 511 elderly (13%) was prescribed with medication that met the criteria for=1 potentially inappropriate drugs for the elderly. This proportion was similar between genders and all age groups within the elderly. Among these 511 elderly patients the mean number of potentially inappropriate drugs prescribed was $5.1{\pm}3.3$ drugs. Potentially inappropriately prescribed drugs included amitriptyline (76 cases), diazepam (69 cases), ketorolac (57 cases), short acting nifedipine (44 cases), triazolam (38 cases), and hydroxyzine (38 cases). Conclusion: Potentially inappropriate drug prescribing in Korean ambulatory elderly patients are common. Education programs and interventions aimed at optimizing the prescribing and dispensing of the most appropriate drugs are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.76-97
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to review the influence of Ukiyo-e on the design of European Paintings of the $19^{th}$ century and the expression of the design of Kosode design in Edo-era. We collected data from the actual study of visiting Museums and other theories and visual materials through literature review. Then, we analyzed the data. The result came out that Ukiyo-e, which is the genre painting of Edo-era, provided the new vision and the new way of expression to the European Paintings of the $19^{th}$ century. In the same way, the result also indicated that Ukiyo-e similarly influenced on the design of Kosode. For example, the study showed that the patterns of Kosode, such as flower, bridge, fun, wave, Lotus flower, stripe, oval, plaid, were used in the works of European artists in the $19^{th}$ century. The Ukiyo-e styles include Kan Bun style, Dan-Gawari style, Back facing style, Two-Section Segmentation style, and Folding screen style, with the identity of Japan and Japanese unique nature and landscapes. Thus, this study proved the design of Kosode to be the frontier of both European and Japanese arts, by examining Ukioyo-e's plastic characteristics, its composition & arrangements, and its subjects & objects which were samely revealed in Kosode design and European Art in nineteenth century.