• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2005

Recently, the number of elderly people in the rural area of Korea has increased remarkably and their food security has become deteriorated mainly due to the low economic status. To investigate the food security for the elderly people, relevant data were obtained by offering questionnaire to the rural elderly people who were engaging in traditional agricultural production for daily foods. The subjects of 1870 were collected in 9 provinces according to PPS(Probability Proportional to Size). Questionnaire contained the items of dietary habit, food cultivation, Production and Preservation, and the suey was conducted by trained interviewers. SAS (ver 8.1) was used for statistical analyses in which Chi-square tests and General Linear Models were made. Family of the elderly people was $45.4\%$ of the total and the characteristics of elderly families were that age of male head was 82.1 years and that of female was 67.7 years, and that $68.8\%$ of elderly women were working for family income or pocket money. The elderly families' food cultivation state was surveyed and they were pepper$(59.1\%)$, chinese cabbage$(61.91\%)$, and sesame$(48.6\%)$ for their own consumption. But, bean sprout$(6.5\%)$, tofu$(7.7\%)$ and egg$(5.1\%)$ showed low rate of cultivation for the family. The rate of cultivating chinese cabbage$(61.9\%)$, and sesame$(48.6\%)$ was significantly higher than that of middle aged family. At the status of fermented food production for the elderly family, Doenjang$(87.4\%)$ and Gochujang$(86.3\%)$ Kanjang$(84.0\%)$ Kimchi$(92.9\%)$ Jangachi$(27.6\%)$ and Meju$(91.61\%)$maintained higher rate than that of middle aged families' Food preservation of elderly families was low and there are just jam$(5.3\%)$ and bottled products$(1.4\%)$. A little higher rate was observed lot the preserved food such as alcohol$(9.9\%)$ and powder$(9.8\%)$. For the elderly family the score of food cultivation was 4.08/12 points and that of food preservation was 0.62/12 points. The score of fermented food production for elderly family was 10.24/12 points which was significantly different from that of middle aged family (9.58/12 points, p<0.001). This result suggests that for the elderly people food with more protein is needed for production.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.122-146
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• 2010

This purpose of this study is to analyze the causal relation among constituent concepts and verify the relation among internal marketing, service quality and customer satisfaction in shipping companies. To achieve the goal of this study, the author studied literatures on internal marketing, service quality and customer satisfaction, and carried out a survey targeting people working for shipping companies and international logistics freight forwarders to make an empirical analysis. The results are as follows. It was confirmed that education and training, reward system, empowerment among internal marketing elements of a shipping company have a positive effect on the service quality and customer satisfaction of the shipping company, and the service quality of a shipping company also has a positive effect on customer satisfaction. As it can be known from these results, it would be necessary to concentrate on internal marketing of a shipping company in order to increase service quality and customer satisfaction.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.45-62
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze the components and to verify the relationship among internal marketing, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover intention in international logistics firm. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, literature survey related to internal marketing, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover intention was carried out and took an empirical analysis by the use of questionnaire method for employees in international logistics firm. The final results and conclusions are as follows; Internal marketing of international logistics firm was positively related to job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Internal marketing, Job satisfaction and organizational were negatively related to turnover intention. Through this results, to increase job satisfaction and organizational commitment, and to decrease turnover intention, it is necessary to concentrate on improving internal marketing strategy.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.74-81
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to help apply spiritual care in clinics by testing whether spiritual support like prayer and praise, which is appled on a patient who has been cared for by Facility Hospice can have an effect on their physical pain, emotional anxietv, loneliness and well being. Method: This research was done on a subject patient who had been hospitalized in Saemmul from Jan, 2002 to June, 2003, and who could easily communicate. Questionnaire of quality of life, they had this test from the date of admission into the hospital 1week, 3week, 5week later. The Target was 182 people for the hospital data, 124 people after one week, 84 people after 3 weeks and 54 people after for 5 weeks later. For statistics, SPSS for Window(SPSS inc. ver.10), student T-test and one way ANOVA were used. The interrelation between pray and pain was analyzed by the "Pearson correlation". In case where the P-value was below 0.05, we concluded it had statistical-value. Results: When we compared both the party which had a low degree of peace by prayer and praise and the B party which had the highest degree, B party had an increasing tendency for less anxiety and loneliness and more well-being. Each of the data 0, 1, 3 and 5 week showed visible difference between both parties. Conclusion: First, in case that a late cancer patient is hospitalized, the difference for tranquility and pain control by prayer and praise is not noticeable. While, 1 and 3 weeks later, the difference is visible, so we concluded the relationship between the cancer patient's spiritual tranquility and physical pain are closely related with each other. Also the patients who are in spiritual peace by prayer and praise can control the pain better than the other patients. Second, because the patient who can feel calm from the data of being admitted into the hospital is mentally calm, both party's difference is noticeable in each period of the 1, 3 and 5th week. Compared with other patients, the object patients who have spiritual tranquility will have less anxiety and loneliness and more tranquility.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.39-49
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of Taegeuk acupuncture on reducing mental stress by analyzing heart rate variability in Soeumin. Methods : Six Soeumin-diagnosed men participated in this study. They were randomly divided into group A and group B. Each participant went through 4 sessions every week with 1 week of washout period in between each session. HRV was measured three times at every session; at baseline, after administering mentally stressful circumstances and after applying Soeumin Taegeuk acupuncture or Soyangin Taegeuk acupuncture. This study was designed as a crossover clinical trial. Group A participants were treated with two sets of Soeumin Taegeuk and Soyangin Taegeuk acupuncture treatment in respective order (i.e. Soeumin Taegeuk - Soyangin Taegeuk - Soeumin Taegeuk - Soyangin Taegeuk acupuncture treatment). Group B participants were treated with reverse-ordered acupuncture treatment (i.e. Soyangin Taegeuk - Soeumin Taegeuk - Soyangin Taegeuk - Soeumin Taegeuk acupuncture treatment ). Bayesian analysis was performed by using WinBUGS(Ver. 1.4.3) for comparison between Soeumin Taegeuk acupuncture and Soyangin Taegeuk acupuncture. Results : Overall, Soeumin Taegeuk acupuncture tends to reduce LF/HF ratio, LF, HF, LF(Norm) and increase HF(Norm) more than Soyangin Taegeuk acupuncture, but the difference was not statistically significant. In one participant, however, Soeumin Taegeuk acupuncture reduced LF/HF ratio, LF(Norm) and increased HF(Norm) more than Soyangin Taegeuk acupuncture, and the difference was stastatistically significant. Conclusions : This study suggests that Soeumin Taegeuk acupuncture might be an effective means of stabilizing mental stress-induced imbalance of autonomic nervous system for Soeumin.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.511-517
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• 2007

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine whether a difference in the amount of bone graft material is needed between edentulous patients and dentulous patients and to calculate the amount of augmentation for a sinus lift procedure. Methods: 19 patients(20 sinuses) were included to measure maxillary sinus volume. Facial CT scanning was performed using MX 8000 IDT CT devices(Philips, USA). And it was used for IDLvm(The IDL Virtual Machine) 6.0, CT Volume Analyzer Ver 2.3 program to measure maxillary sinus volumes Results: At edentulous patients, volumes(mean${\pm}SD$) of the inferior portion of the sinuses were $0.56{\pm}0.13cm^3$(5mm height), $2.35{\pm}0.57cm^3$(10mm height), $4.85{\pm}1.10cm^3$(15mm height). At dentulous patients, volumes(mean${\pm}SD$) of the inferior portion of the sinuses were $0.41{\pm}0.18cm^3$(5mm height), $1.76{\pm}0.42cm^3$(10mm height), $3.80{\pm}0.84cm^3$ (15mm height). A significant correlation was found between augmentation height(5mm, 10mm, 15mm) and the calculated sinus volume.(p=0.027, p=0.018, p=0.044) Conclusions: A significant correlation was found between augmentation height(5mm, 10mm, 15mm) and the calculated sinus volume. Detailed preoperative knowledge of sinus lift augmentation volume is helpful in determining the appropriate amount of the bone graft material.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was investigate the relationship between the degree of satisfaction of the clinical practice and the stress factors for dental hygiene students. Dental hygiene students to 232 people from May 21, 2012 to June 22, 2012 and analyzed using by SPSS for Windows ver. 12.0 program. Regarding the stress factors, by the school system, all the factors, including the environmental factor, the role factor, the interpersonal relationships factor, the ideal and value factor, and the Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument (BEPSI) were higher in the 3-year system than in the 4-year system (p<0.01). Regarding the stress factors according to the degree of satisfaction regarding the practices, all the factors were high when unsatisfied. Among these, the environmental factor was the highest (p<0.001). According to the practice organization, the environmental factor was the highest among the university dental hospital. The interpersonal relationship factor and the ideal and value factor were the highest among the dental hospitals. The role factor and the BEPSI were the highest among the dental clinics (p<0.01). When the hospital atmosphere was bad, the environmental factor was the highest (p<0.001). As a result of analyzing the correlations between the stress factors of the hospital practices, there were the positive correlations among the environment, the roles, the interpersonal relationship, the ideals and values, and the BEPSI (p<0.01). The stress factor that showed the biggest influence on the BEPSI was interpersonal relationships. In the clinical practice, because of the unfamiliar environment and the insufficiency of the interpersonal relationships, the stress indices of the students can be higher than at ordinary times. I believe that, as such, a systematic management plan for the clinical practice for raising the ability of the students to cope with the stress by themselves must be prepared.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.511-515
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dental plaque control depending on the detergent foods. Study design was a nonequivalent control group design. Study subjects were 14 males (38.8%) and 22 females (61.1%), the age of 20.6 years old. It was conducted from March 7 to June 13, 2012. The Patient Hygiene Performance index (PHP index) was measured as a dependent variable. Detergent foods were cucumber, pear, carrot, and peach. The PHP index of detergents foods were compared using ANOVA. Paired t-test was performed. SPSS ver. 18.0 was used for the data analysis. All detergent foods which cucumber ($2.85{\pm}1.01$), pear ($2.82{\pm}0.93$), peach ($2.48{\pm}1.12$), and carrot ($2.75{\pm}0.68$) was a significant decrease in plaque index (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference among detergent foods. Detergent foods are effective in dental plaque control. However, no difference was shown depending on the detergent foods.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.338-350
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• 2007

The objectives of this study were to analyze nutrition-related problems and to develop the nutrition education programs for high school students A survey was conducted with 500 students in the second grade level at high schools in Daegu who differed in socio-economic characteristics. In addition, body composition analysis was accomplished by the Inbody 3.0. The developed questionnaires were distributed and 481 questionnaires were collected with a 96.2% of response rate. Statistical data analysis was completed using SPSS WIN(ver.12.0) for descriptive analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, t-tests and $X^2$-tests. We first analyzed students' problems related to nutrition and environmental factors. In a question addressing skipping breakfast, only 11.5% answered they "do not eat" breakfast. In regards to BMI, the male students' degree of obesity was higher. Second, we analyzed living environments, which greatly influence dietary behavior. For the snacks-related categories, most of the students liked bread, cake and other snacks. When they chose the snacks, they mainly considered taste. There were significant difference among the males and females(p<.01) in terms of snacks intake habits, where 43.1 % of the males answered they snack "occasionally" and 43.4% of the females answered they snack "according to how they feel". In the case of beverages, the males consumed significantly more(p<.001). Based on their regional groups, the area A group preferred milk and milk products, and the area B group preferred soft drinks. As for the time of beverage intake, 77.6% of the females answered "with snacks", which was significantly higher than 61.4% of the males(p<.001), 12.2% of the males drank beverages after exercise. For late snacking, 68.0% of the male students and 71.1 % of the female students consumed late snacks. Most of them preferred bread, cake and other snacks. The reasons for taking a late snack were "when I feel hungry" by 61.8% of the males which was higher than the females(p<.001), 23.6% of the females consumed late snacks "impulsively". Ideally, in order to improve the food habits of high school students effective and practical nutrition education programs that consider gender and regional school group, should be carried out.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.453-468
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate factors influencing physical activity in female nursing students based on the habit formation model. The participants were 207 female students at G nursing college and J nursing college located in J city. All data were collected from 31, August to 14, September in 2020 and analyzed by descriptive statistics, ANOVA and Scheffĕ test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Univariate, and Multivariate multinomial logistic regression using SPSS/WIN 22.0 program. The average level of physical activity measured by the Korean version of IPAQ was 2506.31±2807.05 MET-min/week. According to the physical activity category classified by IPAQ, there were 59students(28.5%) in the high group, 98students(47.3%) in the moderate group, and 50students(24.2%) in the low group. Physical activity habit strength was the significant factor influencing physical activity in female nursing students. Therefore, this study suggests that it is necessary to develop the habit formation program and verify effectiveness for enhancing and maintaining the physical activity in female nursing students.