• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.70-80
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• 1989

This study was conducted to investigate the user's effects on the avifauna in Kaya Mountain National Park. The survey was carried over 3 districts which were divided with main trail(valley), subtrail(valley), unused trail(ridge) by line transect method from April to October 1989. The observed birds were 29 species and 527 individuals. these consist of 20 species for residents, 7 species for summer visitor 1 species for winter visitor, 1 species for passage migrant. The average density of birds was 2.44 ea/ha, and main dominant species were Parus major minor, Garrulus gtandarius brandtii, Parus palustris hellmayri, Parus varius and Sitta europaea amurenis in order. The observed frequency of wild birds was 8.42 times/km in average. No. of species, no. of individuals, density, species diversity and observed frequency of summer were lower than spring in 3 survey routes. Therefore, from now, in Kaya Mountain National Park management, the enjoyment oriented activities will be regulated and control of trail use on main trail are necessary during breeding periods for wild birds protection, especially in summer. To investigate the use or not of artificial nests, 35 artificial nests were selected. The results of this survey showed that many wild birds prefered mixed nest in column shaped to wooden nests. The rightful installation and manegement for invitation and increase of wild birds was necessary.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.793-800
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze the perception and need of the early childhood education field on authentication of teaching materials and implements for young children. To achieve this, a survey was carried out on 350 teachers and directors in Daejeon-based kindergartens and child-care centers from September 21 to September 30, 2013. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, 59.4% of them thought that it needed the evaluation authentication of teaching materials and implements for young children. 32.9% of them had a high perception of the early childhood education field. 39.4% of them had high need of the early childhood education field. And 45.1% of them expected a high effect of introducing the evaluation authentication system of teaching materials and implements for young children. Second, most of them had the highest need of the evaluation authentication of teaching materials and implements for young children in terms of education, followed by function and field. And most of them placed the highest emphasis on social development, safety and language in terms of education, function and field, respectively. Consequently, the use of teaching materials and implements, which the social development and safety in terms of education and function are respectively evaluated and authenticated by the diversity of teaching materials and implements for young children, has need of the high evaluation and authentication of teaching materials and implements that can guarantee the quality when young children use a lot of experiment and observation implements such as block play, reading materials, manipulating materials, making implements.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.171-197
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• 2017

China's independent college approved private education investment, and facilitates the use of funds to support individual investors, corporations, and society. In contrast to China's public universities, the college guarantee private school method of operation. Its bachelor's degree, admission to students, the establishment of a separate corporation, and the recognition of scholastic achievements, was established with the aim of ensuring the diversity of higher education institutions in China. However, since the early 1990s, the independent college, which has emerged as a new way of higher education in China, has achieved quantitative growth over the past 30 years, but the quality of education has not yet grown. The reason why the independent college in China is interested is that it receives support from the facilities and professors of the original public college, and the major in which it is established and shares the reputation of the university. This study tried to analyze the policy of independent college which is a unique higher education institution in China. For this purpose, we use Four-Dimensional Framework to analyze the problem of China's independent colleges. It examines the profitability and non-profitability of independent college as a normative dimension and analyzes the Chinese society that have the old "guanxi" culture core in China. On the structural dimension, we analyzed the structure of the relationship in educational administrative institution. On the constituentive dimension, we observed that the various stakeholders who are interested in the independent college policy. Finally, we searched for future directions of the independent college centered on the process of legalization of independent colleges in technical dimension. The results of this analysis suggest the implications of the direction of China's independent college policy.

• Journal of Korean Theatre Studies Association
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• no.52
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• pp.271-317
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• 2014

This essay studied the acting theories of Diderot, Delsarte, Meyerhold, and Artaud to know the historical formation of 'sign acting' and its theoretical and aesthetic appropriateness. The sign acting so far discussed shows the repetitive patterns of idea as follows. The sign acting (1) emphasizes the physical expression such as gesture and movement, (2) assumes that the physical expression functions as a sign evoking special emotion and thought, (3) thus recommends the imitation of the outer sign, (4) uses a tableau for the effective reception of outer sign, (5) aims for the spectator oriented aesthetics as it stresses the result of outer sign rather than the creative process of a role, (6) assumes that the emotional reaction or the intellectual understanding springs from the physical experience, (7) thus emphasizes the physical language rather than speech, (8) can attain the appropriateness of physical language by the recent theories of cognitive science. Besides having such commonness, the sign acting also reveals the individual differences. For instance, the intended sign for Diderot and Delsarte was the sign of emotion, for Meyerhold the stylized sign of circus and acrobatics, and for Artaud the spiritual sign. If Diderot and Meyerhold demands the cool consciousness for the correct sign acting, Artaud's sign acting tends to pursue the state of trance. And if Diderot, Delsarte, and Meyerhold think the sign acting on the level of sensory appeal, Artaud insists that the sign acting should dismantle the spectator's sense. As such the discussion of sign acting shows both recurrent ideas and new visions, forming an unity out of diversity. Perhaps the sign acting is a matter of practice before we consider it as a theory. It is not only supposed to have been existed practically since ancient theatre, but also used by actors consciously and unconsciously in expressing certain emotion and thought. We need to study the sign acting more academically, considering its long history and aesthetic potentials. In fact the sign acting has been an essential element of acting, in spite of bad reputation judging it as a banal and worn-out style. It is true that the sign acting, in the worst case, could produce a stereotypical expression. It was this aspect of sign acting that caused a fierce negative reaction of the realists who sought the natural expression based upon psychological truth. Of course the sign acting has a serious problem when it stays banal and artificial. But we need to see this issue from a different perspective. What is the natural expression of emotion? How is it free from the learned way of expression? In some respect, we use, in reality, a learned expression of emotion that could be accepted socially. For instance, when we attend a funeral, we use the outer sign of mourning gestures learned socially. If a semiotic expression pervades various aspects of our life, the acting, being the representation of life, seems not to be free from codified expression. The sign acting could be used consciously and unconsciously in all kinds of acting.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.141-167
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• 2021

Authenticity is the opposite of hypocrisy or deceitful living in philosophy. While various positive factors that humans experience in life based on authenticity have been studied abroad, most of the studies in Korea that tried to measure authenticity did not take into account the characteristics of Korean culture or were developed only for the purpose of use in a limited domain or specific purpose. In this study, based on the specificity of Korean culture, we developed a measure of authenticity that researchers can use universally. To this end, the items constituting the existing authenticity scale and the items reflecting the cultural value of Korean society, which value social relationships, are integrated. The results of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that authenticity consists of three factors: self-awareness, behavioral authenticity, and relationship authenticity. In addition, criterion validity was verified based on correlations with life satisfaction, mindfulness, self-esteem, HEXACO, social desirability, self-regulation focus, and emotional diversity. These results suggest that the authenticity scale of this study is a reliable and valid measure, and is expected to be an important tool for empirical individual differences research on authenticity in everyday life in Korean population.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.63-70
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• 2022

Although 2D Object detection has been largely improved in the past years with the advance of deep learning methods and the use of large labeled image datasets, 3D object detection from 2D imagery is a challenging problem in a variety of applications such as robotics, due to the lack of data and diversity of appearances and shapes of objects within a category. Google has just announced the launch of Objectron that has a novel data pipeline using mobile augmented reality session data. However, it also is corresponding to 2D-driven 3D object detection technique. This study explores more mature 2D object detection method, and applies its 2D projection to Objectron 3D lifting system. Most object detection methods use bounding boxes to encode and represent the object shape and location. In this work, we explore a stochastic representation of object regions using Gaussian distributions. We also present a similarity measure for the Gaussian distributions based on the Hellinger Distance, which can be viewed as a stochastic Intersection-over-Union. Our experimental results show that the proposed Gaussian representations are closer to annotated segmentation masks in available datasets. Thus, less accuracy problem that is one of several limitations of Objectron can be relaxed.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.169-179
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• 2016

This study was to investigate special education teachers' teaching in reading and writing to university students with intellectual disabilities. For this study, we surveyed 71special education teachers who work in Gwangju, Daegu and Busan. As a result, in order to identify students' reading and writing abilities, they were more likely to use their own tests which they made for themselves than standardized tests. When teaching students, they used their own teaching experiences and advices from colleagues and senior teachers regarding problem-solving methods and reliable information while the knowledge they learned at school showed low frequency in use. Despite using mainly whole-word approach when instructing reading and writing, it appeared that teachers' teaching experiences and diversity of textbooks also have an influence. Regarding needs of education participation for teaching students, there were high needs and interests in teaching methods of writing, textbooks and teaching materials by the characteristics of disability, reading and writing development, reading and writing disabilities. In case of difficulties and needs in teaching students, there was a high demand of development of a wide variety of teaching materials and tools and, preparation for sufficient textbooks and test tools, while difficulties in teaching appeared in lack of knowledge about reading and writing, lack of screening/evaluating tools, and evaluating and teaching oriented to each disability characteristic.

• Journal of the Korea Knowledge Information Technology Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.327-339
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• 2018

This study is on the elderly people's use and experience of pet robots (companion robots). Applying companion robots for the elderly's daily lives can enhance their quality of life. Leisure is main activity of the elderly who are out of work. Therefore, the quality and diversity of leisure can affect the quality of their life. Companion Robots could provide them with more advanced and interesting experiences. Around the world, population aging becomes one of the most important trends in each country. The social and economic burden of aging is serious challenge on sustainability of the world, including S. Korea. The authors examine use of Companion Robots for elderly (from 50 years old to 90 years old). In this experiment, the authors study and measure many factors including system quality, interface quality, displeasure, enjoyment, willingness to reuse, perception on new technology. In regression analysis, intimacy(t=-2.006, p<.05) is significant factor on displeasure of Companion Robot. In another regression, displeasure of Companion Robot (independent variable) is significant factor on enjoyment(t=-3.327, p<.01) and willingness to reuse(t=-2.636, p<.01). Therefore, when elderly one feels less displeasure of Companion Robot, he/she feels more enjoyment and willingness to reuse. As a result, the elderly who don't familiar to new technology could improve quality of life and leisure activity by using companion robot.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.38-51
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• 2024

Although the bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) is a crop with a cultivation history of about 10,000 years in the Old and New Worlds, archaeological considerations on the cultivation and use of bottle gourds on the Korean Peninsula are extremely rare. Accordingly, we reviewed previous reports on bottle gourds and examined the morphological characteristics of seeds and rind fragments from the Korean Peninsula. The investigation yielded several conclusions. First, bottle gourd cultivation likely began during the Bronze Age alongside the introduction of so-called southern crops. Evidence suggests that bottle gourd remains were more prevalent during the Three-Kingdoms period, indicating its significance as a crop during the historical era. Second, bottle gourd seeds from the Three-Kingdoms period exhibit characteristics of both African and Asian subspecies, showcasing a high level of morphological diversity. Third, rind thickness indicates that bottle gourds found at the Bongseon-ri site were of varieties with large fruits. Taken together, it is concluded that the bottle gourd was introduced to the Korean Peninsula during the Bronze Age, and people cultivated a range of bottle gourd varieties during the Three-Kingdoms period.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.403-408
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• 2017

This study aims to set up the basic data to manage the waterfowl habitat through the analysis of the changes of physical structure according to the time series of Hangang(Riv.) as water birds' habitat. Study area was 41.5km in length from Paldang bridge to Hangju bridge. during total length of 497.52km and horizontal boundary was based on the protected lowland in year 1975. As the analysis result of land use from the center of water to adjacent road to the river, ratio of year 1975 was in order of sedimentary land(22.7%), surface water(20.7%), built-up area(16.9%), field(16.2%), paddy field(15.9%), and afterwards most of the areas were changed through the construction of arterial highway and submerged weir in order to use Hangang(Riv.). In year 1985, the area ratio of protected lowland(57.8%) and surface water(32.8%) dramatically increased. After construction of river bank the recreational areas continually increased and relatively natural areas decreased. In year 2005, the area ratio of protected lowland was enlarged to 57.6% and surface water also to 33.3%. While the length of both riversides and naturalness decreased by 10.9%, 91.5% respectively in year 2005 compared to year 1975, the depth of water increased by 1.46m. Comprehensively, the flow of changes by physical structure in Hangang(Riv.) for 30 years was divided into two periods. The main characteristics in the first period were decrease of riverside area and enlargement of the surface water through the massive construction before middle of year 1980, and afterwards revetments were intensively artificialized with changes of land use for amusement area. In terms of water fowl habitat, Hangang(Riv.) which previously had various types of habitat condition was changed into simplified habitat for few of species, and the active improvement apporach was needed for habitat diversity.