• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.2 no.10
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• pp.1339-1348
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• 2001

This study is directed to compare the payment systems between conventional and internet, under international commerce. A stable and secure payment system is necessary for the progress of e-business through the internet. There are three typical methods of payment system in conventional transactions; the letter of credit(L/C) basis, the collection basis and the remittance basis. The exporter prefers L/C basis because of authentic payment, financial convenience and reduced risk Buyers and sellers who have enjoyed long creditable relationships use carefully the collection basis. The remittance basis is adequate for small amount payment for sample. In this paper, the merits and demerits of electronic payment system are compared to the conventional payment one. Internet payment system has an advantage of speed-up in payment against the conventional, but has a limited usage in the area of consumer based(B to C) transaction. The conventional payment system has been becoming overwhelm electronic payment one in the business to business(B to B) area.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.27-47
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• 2007

Using survey data and the Heckit model that adequately controls the sample selection bias, we analyze shoppers expenditure through two major emerging shopping channels: Internet shopping and TV home shopping channels. Age, Internet experience, daily Internet usage, the number of computers are factors that affect the ratio of consumers' expenditure through Internet shopping relative to the expenditure through TV home shopping. Shopping frequency which represents the shoppers' incentives to reduce transaction costs also has a positive effect on the proportion of shoppers' expenditure through the Internet shopping. Shoppers' perceptions of convenience, reliability, speed, and diversity are also shown to affect shoppers' relative expenditure ratio through Internet shopping. In contrast, shoppers' perception of prices does not seem to affect their purchasing behavior.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.199-207
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• 2008

The FP-tree(Frequency Pattern Tree) mining association rules algorithm was proposed to improve mining performance by reducing DB scan overhead dramatically, and it is recognized that the performance of it is better than that of any other algorithms based on different approaches. But the FP-tree algorithm needs a few more memory because it has to store all transactions including frequent itemsets of the DB. This paper implements a FP-tree algorithm on a general purpose UNK system and compares it with the DHP(Direct Hashing and Pruning) algorithm which uses hash tree and direct hash table from the point of memory usage and execution time. The results show surprisingly that the FP-tree algorithm is poor than the DHP algorithm in some cases even if the system memory is sufficient for the FP-tree. The characteristics of the test data are as follows. The site of DB is look, the number of total items is $1K{\sim}7K$, avenrage length of transactions is $5{\sim}10$, avergage size of maximal frequent itemsets is $2{\sim}12$(these are typical attributes of data for large-scale convenience stores).

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.80-87
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to compare in antiseptic effect between povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine-ethanol for laparoscopic cholecystectomy on the port site. A total of 46 patients admitted to surgery at one university hospital in Seoul were included in the study. A study group was randomly assigned using a random number table. The antiseptic effect was evaluated and compared to povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine-ethanol by using a culture and identification of bacteria, measurement of the number of bacteria (CFU/ml) and incidence of surgical site infection. Our results show that povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine-ethanol have no statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of bacteria after 3 minutes of disinfection and before removal of the trocar and in the number of bacteria and the incidence of surgical site infection. Thus, in order to select an efficient and appropriate skin antiseptics, we suggest that it is necessary to consider not only the disinfectant effect but also cost and convenience. In this research, our results about effect and usage of skin antiseptics can be used as basic data and educational resource, and this is expected to improve comprehension of skin antiseptics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.14-21
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• 2004

It has already been two decades or more ever since the shipping and its related industries began to mature in advanced shipping countries. During that period, such countries have made various attempts for the survival of the industries. The advent of the so-called flags of convenience in a big way for the purpose of replacing crew members of their own expensive seamen by those of developing countries and the emergence of ship management companies, which are literally engaged in the management of ships, are the results of such movements. Some countries have been making efforts, as measures for the continued existence of the maritime industries, to create new marine-related businesses without regard to the traditional concepts of the industries. The movement toward the restructuring of a maritime society in Norway is well known as a typical example of such endeavors. The business of marine consultancy relating to maritime safety management field in our country is also a business that came into existence in such a stream toward the revitalization of the maritime society. In this paper, as well as placing in focus the current picture and problems of marine industries in our country, we would like to present approaches to tackle these problems employed by advanced industrial nations in the West, that is, moves toward the revival of maritime communities. Next, we propose, as one of the answers to solve such problems, the further development of a consulting business which takes advantage of simulators. Lastly, we show specific examples of application of a simulator to the consulting business, while commenting on the effects of its use.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.1C
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• pp.18-24
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• 2004

Nowadays, the development of wireless communications provides a convenience for many people. On the other hand, the openness of wireless communications poses serious security threats and the security of wireless communications is necessary to support the secure communication channel. The common security method on wireless is the stream cipher that generates the pseudorandom number. In this paper, we propose the usage of the nonlinear function S-box and the mechanism according to it in stream cipher as the study to securely protect data transferred on wireless communications. Besides, it goes abreast a study on S-box with the best random characteristic among the used S-boxes on wireless communications. By means of test, we investigate the most appropriate S-box of DES on wireless communications environment and prove the efficiency of the proposed model by comparing and analysis of the randomness of the based stream cipher and the proposed model.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.515-523
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• 2011

It is important to manage large amount of information from various information providers for supporting recent information services such as providing global research trends, detecting emerging signal and listing leading researchers. For integrated management, definition of integrated metadata schema, data transformation and schema matching are needed. It is first necessary to analyze existing various metadata for defining integrated metadata schema. In this paper, we have analyzed several metadata of scientific journal papers by classifying semantics, content rules and syntax, and looked around considerations to make integrated schema or transform metadata. We have known that XML is used as a syntax for supporting convenience and various usage condition, and hierarchy element names and common elements in semantics are needed. We also have looked at elements having various content rules and related standards. We hope that this study will be used as basic research material of metadata integrated management, data transform and schema matching for interoperability.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.22-31
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• 2012

A Smartphone is an intelligent device combined mobile phone and pc's support functions, and can perform multiple functions to satisfy the demands of users. It has excellent processing power and communication modules(DMB, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC etc) to carry out the demands of users. But continuous using of battery power on processor and equipped modules causes acceleration of battery consumption. This means that effective power management in devices like smartphone is important. Therefore, the management of power consumption on system execution and communication module is a serious issue in this field of study. In this paper, we would like to propose a communication module selection algorithm based on energy consumption parameter of each communication module and data transfer time. Our scheme automatically select appropriate communication system to reduce high energy consumption on bluetooth sleep mode so that this scheme is more efficient and effective thus improving user convenience in longer usage time. Experimental results showed the 20% energy saving.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.8 no.4 s.21
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• pp.39-62
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• 1999

Basic concept of this study is that architectural form as a material at present has meaning for the dweller's life on the past historical plane. Main method to recover history is ethnographic interview to dwellers. Secondary method is to analyze ancestors' writings, buildings in the background of the family photos, and past drawings and then to relate them with architectural form at present. Taxonomy is a starting point: general name of the building by outside researcher is quite different from it by inside dwellers. 'Haengrang-chae', servant quarter, has never been used for servants. Function of the haengrang went outside thatched houses at the front village. Firsthand observation or simple analyses as results of several precedent research are reexamined and criticized through this study. The mansion has moaning when we synthesize with the site location based on farming land and tenant farmer, and decline of the Kyongpo Lake. Territoriality of the mansion is reinterpreted to 'In-Out Structure' by Yin-Yang thinking, Dwellers extend buildings gradually to outside village, surrounding rear hills, the lake, DongHae Sea, and finally goes to imaginative Taoist heaven beyond real nature through the literary life. Confucius principle, known to govern upper class house at Yi Dynasty also affect general composition of the buildings: perpetuation of the family by ancestor worship, elder dominance and male dominance, fraternity love in the extended family, charity display by reception of guests, Taoist scholarly life harmonized with nature. However, the study of the particular life and usage of the dwellers reinforces or corrects general supposition of precedent researches. Unique shape of the house has been formed by convenience of the dwellers' life style, early modernized free thought over the rigid Confucius design principle, and female power in male dominant society.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.343-352
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• 2012

In this paper, we implemented a touchless interface for DID(Digital Information Display) system using gesture recognition technique which includes both hand motion and hand shape recognition. Especially this touchless interface without extra attachments gives user both easier usage and spatial convenience. For hand motion recognition, two hand-motion's parameters such as a slope and a velocity were measured as a direction-based recognition way. And extraction of hand area image utilizing YCbCr color model and several image processing methods were adopted to recognize a hand shape recognition. These recognition methods are combined to generate various commands, such as, next-page, previous-page, screen-up, screen-down and mouse -click in oder to control DID system. Finally, experimental results showed the performance of 93% command recognition rate which is enough to confirm the possible application to commercial products.