• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.81-103
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• 2002

This present study was carried out to investigate the effect of Saengjingamrotang and Saengjingamrotang plus Radix Trichosanthis in streptozotocin induced hyperglycemic rats. Body weigh, serum levels of glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride and urine levels of volume, glucose, protein were measured in streptozotocin induced hyperglycemic rats orally receiving extracts of Sanengjingamrotang and Saengjingamrotang plus Radix Trichosanthis for 4 days. The results were as follows: 1. The change of body weight, the medication group of Saengjingamrotang plus Radix Trichosanthis concentration has the notable increase, the medication group of Saengjingamrotang concentration has no notable change, as compared to control group. 2. The change of the content on serum glucose, the medication group of Saengjingamrotang conctntration have notable decrease, as compared to control group. 3. The change of the content on serum insulin, the medication group of Saengjingamrotang plus Radix Trichosanthis concentration has the notable increase, the medication group of Saengjingamrotang concentration has no notable change, as compared to control group. 4. The change of the content on serum total cholesterol, the medication group of saengjingamrotang concentration and the medication group of Saengjingamrotang plus Radix Trichosanthis concentration have notable decrease, as compared to control group. 5. The change of the content on serum triglyceride, the medication group of Saengjingamrotang concentration and the medication group of Saengjingamrotang plus Radix Trichosanthis Concentration have notable decrease, as compared to control group. 6. The change of urine volume, the medication group of Saengjingamrotang plus Radix Trichosanthis concentration has the notable decrease, the medication group of Saengjingamrotang concentration has no notable change, as compared to control group. 7. The change of the content on urine glucose, the medication group of Saengjingamrotang concentration and the medication group of Saengjingamrotang plus Radix Trichosanthis concentration have notable decrease, as compared to control group. 8. The Change of the content of serum protein, the medication group of Saengjingamrotang concentration and the medication group of Saengjingamrotang plus Radix Trichosanthis concentration have notable decrease, s compared to control group. 9. The change of body weight, serum insulin and urine volume, the medication group of saenfjingamrotang plus Radix Trichosanthis concentration has more notable change than the medication group of Saengjingamrotang concentration, as compared to control group. According to above mentioned results, Saengjingamrotang and Saenfjingamrotang plus Radix Trichosanthis have the effect of decreased blood sugar, serum lipid levels and urine volume, protein, glucose in streptozotocin induced hyperglycemic rats, and so they were expected to be appled to the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.83-96
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• 2000

Objective This experimental study was designed to investigate effects of Sam-chool-gun-bi-tang administration during carbohydrate loading diet to long distance runners on changes of the urine metabolic responses. Materials and Methods All subjects were divided randomly with two groups, Sam-chool-gun- bi-tang administration Group (N=5) and control group (N=5) and attended on domestic marathon race. The urine samples were collected by 15ml conical tube at rest, a day before race, immediately after race, a day after race. These samples were used to analyze for the factors of the change on metabolic responses. At First, the factors of the routine urine test were checked; RBC, WBC, glucose, protein, ketone, bilirubin, urobilirubin. Next, the factors on the changes of the electrolyte metabolism and creatinine were checked; $Na^+ $, $Cl^-$, $K^+$, $Ca^{+ +}$, Creatinine. Results 1. Urine RBC, WBC, glucose, protein, ketone, bilirubin, urobilirubin were all denoted negatively (-). 2. Urine pH response in Sam-chool-gun-bi-tang administration group was shown significant difference between two groups at immediately after race. 3. Urine $Na^+$ response in Sam-chool-gun- bi-tang administration group was shown significant difference between two groups at immediately after race. 4. Urine $K^+$ response in Sam-chool-gun-bi-tang administration group was shown significant difference between two groups at immediately after race and a day after race. 5. Urine $Cl^-$ response in Sam-chool-gun- bi-tang administration group was increased at immediately after race, but was not shown significant difference between two groups. 6. Urine $Ca^{+ +}$ response in Sam-chool-gun-bi-tang administration group was decreased gradually, but was not shown significant difference between two groups. 7. Urine Creatinine response in Control group was decreased significantly at immediately after race, but was not shown significant difference between two groups. Conclusion According to the above results, it was shown that Sam-chool-gun- bi-tang administration had the positive effects on changes of the urine matabolic responses during carbohydrate loading diet to the long distance runners.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.52-62
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to find a way to improve the stability and quality of urinalysis by checking the changes in the measurement values of representative clinical chemistry test items according to the repeated freezing and thawing before the urine test and the thawing process. All subjects were 10 healthy males, and the freeze and thaw stability test was performed using their urine samples. In the case of micro-albumin and amylase, there was no statistical significance at 37℃ with time, but at 42℃ and 60℃, there was a statistically significant change in the results with time. There were statistically significant changes in BUN, creatinine, uric acid, and glucose. As a result of long-term stability, after 7 days, glucose mutation increased and amylase decreased at 60℃. In the case of glucose and amylase, there was a statistically significant change in the results over time. To obtain accurate test results, accurate standardization of urinalysis including appropriate collection, storage, and storage methods of urine samples is required and systematic study of conditions for securing stability for each biomaterial is required.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.42-48
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• 2013

The urinalysis is an essential part of the diagnostic work-up for kidney disease and other renal system disorders. The dipstick test allows rapid and simultaneous chemical analyses of urine, including factors such as pH, specific gravity, protein, glucose, ketones, occult blood, bilirubin, urobilinogen, nitrite, and leukocyte-esterase. The chemical reactions on dipstick are complicated and can be affected by oxidizing, reducing, and discoloring substances in the urine. Therefore, false positive and false negative results are common in dipstick testing. To obtain reliable results with the dipstick, it is necessary to collect urine cleanly and examine the urine carefully. It is mandatory to clearly understand the principles of dipstick testing to evaluate abnormal findings. If the urine dipstick results suggest hematuria, proteinuria, or urinary tract infection, microscopy of the urine should be performed to confirm the findings.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.601-607
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• 1996

Nineteen non-insulin-dependent diabetic(NIDD) and healthy control women were investigated to study the relationship between glycemic control and the level of calcium, zinc, and magnesium in the serum and urine. Urinary calcium, zinc and magnesium levels in the NIDD women were significantly higher(p<0.01) than those of the control women. There were no difference in serum magnesium and zinc levels between the two groups, but se겨m calcium level was lower(p<0.01) in the NIDD women compared to that of the control group. In the NIDD women, serum magnesium was negatively related to fasting blood glucose(r=-0.533 : p<0.05), urinary glucose(r=-0.767 ; P<0.001), urinary protein(r=-0.476 : p<0.05), and urine volume(r=-0.571 : p<0.05). The levels of zinc in both serum (r=0.515, p<0.05) and urine(r=0.623 : p<0.01) were related to urinary protein but only urinary zinc level(r=0.570 : p<0.01) was related to serum albumin. Urinary magnesium, not calcium was correlated with the urinary glucose(r=0.563 : p<0.05) and urinary protein(r=0.568 ; p<0.05). Fasting blood glucose was positively correlated with duration of diabetes, as well as dietary fat and calorie intake. The results of this study suggest that NIDD alters all magnesium, zinc, and calcium utilization, particularly magnesium is involved in glycemic control in this condition.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.447-454
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• 2018

Zearalenone (ZEN), a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium in food and feed, causes serious damage to the health of humans and livestock. Therefore, we compared the metabolomic profiles in the liver, serum, and urine of piglets fed a ZEN-contaminated diet using proton nuclear magnetic resonance ($^1H-NMR$) spectroscopy. The spectra from the three different samples, treated with ZEN concentrations of 0.8 mg/kg for 4 weeks, were aligned and identified using MATLAB. The aligned data were subjected to discriminating analysis using multivariate statistical analysis and a web server for metabolite set enrichment analysis. The ZEN-exposed groups were almost separated in the three different samples. Metabolic analysis showed that 28, 29, and 20 metabolites were profiled in the liver, serum, and urine, respectively. The discriminating analysis showed that the alanine, arginine, choline, and glucose concentrations were increased in the liver. Phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolites showed high concentrations in serum, whereas valine showed a low concentration. In addition, the formate levels were increased in the ZEN-treated urine. For the integrated analysis, glucose, lactate, taurine, glycine, alanine, glutamate, glutamine, and creatine from orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were potential compounds for the discriminating analysis. In conclusion, our findings suggest that potential biomarker compounds can provide a better understanding on how ZEN contaminated feed in swine affects the liver, serum, and urine.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.117-124
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze factors affecting the health behaviors and urinary tract tests of adults and their effects on periodontitis by using raw data from the 6th National Health and Nutrition Survey (1st, 2nd, 3rd year). The subjects were 40 years older who had oral examination and urine tests such as glycosuria and ketonuris. The final 11,036 subjects were analyzed using SPSS. ${\chi}^2-test$ and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the demographic characteristics, health behaviors, and differences in urine levels and presence or absence of periodontitis. There was statistically significant difference between the urine test values and the incidence of periodontal disease in urine glucose and proteinuria. Risk factors were male, age, income and education level, rural, smoking, obesity, urine glucose. These results suggest that improvement of health behavior and aggressive management of systemic disease factors are necessary and development of management and preventive program of Periodontitis is necessary.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3 s.67
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• pp.77-87
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• 2006

Objectives: The present study was carried out to investigate the preventive effects of Samgijiwhang-Tang(SJT) on streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy. Methods: SIT was given to rats through oral administration. The experimental animals were divided into a normal group of rats, a control group of STZ-induced diabetic rats, and a sample group with SIT administration. Rehmanniae Radix Preparat is combined in the original prescription of SIT, but in this experiment, Rehmanniae Radix was combined instead of Rehmanniae Radix Preparat to compare the effects of anti-diabetic nephropathy. Experimental diabetic nephropathy was induced by the injection of STZ(60mg/kg) in the rat via the peritoneum. The effect of SIT on STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy was observed by measuring the serum level of creatinine and BUN, in addition to urine secretion of albumin for 24 hours and the level of glucose found in the urine. Anti-oxidative stress of SIT administration in a living body was estimated by measuring lipid peroxide and GSH content in the cortex of kidneys. Results: STZ induced an increase of serum creatinine, urine glucose and renal cortical lipid peroxidation was lowered by Rehmanniae Radix Preparat combined SIT administration. Conclusions: The SIT treatment showed a protective effect on the rat diabetic nephropathy model, and action mechanism of the effect was thought to be concerned with anti-oxidative stress.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.197-212
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• 1988

To study the effect of preventing the browning reaction between casein and glucose by protecting the reactants using corn starch with coating material, rats were fed for 30 days nonbrowning diet, nonprotected browning diet, browning diet protected only casein, browning diet protected both casein and glucose and browning diet supplement sucrose simultaneously with protecting both casein and glucose. The amounts of fructosyl-lysine excreted through urine were greater than those through feces regardless of diets and the both side of the excreted amounts of fructosly-lysine through urine or feces were greater for rats fed browning diets regardless protecting compared to rats fed the nonbrowning diet. Through urine, the excreted amounts of fructosyl-lysine were decreased for rats fed the browning diet supplemented sucrose simultaneously with protecting both casein and glucose than those for rats fed the nonprotected browning diet and through feces, were decreased for rats fed protected browning diets regardless of protecting method than the nonprotected browning diet. The excreted amounts of all individual essential free amino acids through feces were increased for rats fed browning diets irrespective of protecting compared to the nonbrowning diet, but through urine, were increased or similar level for rate fed the nonbrowning diet compared to browning diets except histidine. The excreted amount of free lysine through feces were decreased for rats fed protected browning diets than nonprotected browning diet. Fructosyl-lysine contents of serum, liver and small intestinal digesta were increased for rats fed browning diets regardless of protecting by starch compared to nonbrowning diet but, of serum and small intestinal digesta were decreased for rats fed protected browning diets than the nonprotected browning diet.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.247-253
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• 2004

We investigated the hypoglycemic effect of formula containing Euonymus alatus (EA) and Mori Folium (MF) in multiple low dose (MLD) streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In order to iduce hyperglycemic state 25 mg/kg of STZ was injected intraperitoneally for 5 consecutive days. SD rats were randomly divided into diabetic control and treatment groups. Treatment groups were administered with either 250 mg/kg of EA and 250 mg/kg of MF (E1Ml), or 500 mg/kg of EA mixed with same dose of MF (E2M2) for 3 weeks. Blood glucose levels and body weights were measured every 5th or 6th day. E1Ml and E2M2 both significantly reduced food intake, water intake, and fasting blood and urine glucose levels as compared to those in diabetic control group in a dose dependent manner. Body weight in diabetic control group was increased slightly after 3 weeks. Treatment group, however, showed gradual increase in body weights during 3 week-period. While plasma insulin levels of the diabetic control group were decreased to the level of 387$\pm$14 pg/ml from 534$\pm$36 pg/ml, those levels in E1Ml and E2M2-treated groups were both markedly increased by 13% and 26%, respectively. Urine glucose levels in E1Ml and E2M2-treated groups were also remarkably reduced by 17 and 26% compared to the levels of diabetic control group. While expression of membrane-bound glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) protein in skeletal muscle was reduced by 45% in diabetic control compared to the normal control, GLUT-4 protein expressions in E1Ml and E2M2-treated groups were augmented by 2 and 3.5 times compared to the diabetic control, respectively. Pancreatic HE staining experiments showed that E2M2-treated group revealed much less infiltrated mononuclear cells, indicating that E2M2 efficiently blocked insulitis induced by multiple low dose streptozotocin. Taken together, we conclude that formula containing EA and MF may prevent or delay the development of hyperglycemia through overexpression of GLUT-4 protein in skeletal muscle and prevention of insulitis.