• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.192-203
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop and assess the feasibility of an upper extremity exercise program based on Patterned Sensory Enhancement (PSE) for home-bound stroke patients by measuring the level of upper extremity function, depression, and interpersonal relationship. Methods: The experiments were performed on stroke patients at three different rehabilitation centers in Incheon City. Twenty patients participated in the experimental group or in the control group. The program was executed three times a week for 6 weeks. Data were collected from August to October, 2006. Manual Function Test was used to quantify and evaluate upper extremity function. The depression level and the effectiveness of interpersonal relationship were quantified and measured using CES-D and Relationship Change Scale, respectively. Results: The effectiveness of upper extremity function of stroke patients who participated in the PSE upper extremity exercise program was higher than that of non-participating patients. The depression level decreased and interpersonal relationship improved in the stroke patients who participated in this program compared to those who did not. Conclusion: These findings prove that the PSE upper extremity exercise program for home-bound stroke patients was an effective strategy for enhancing upper extremity function, decreasing the depression level, and improving interpersonal relationships.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.22 no.7 s.78
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• pp.99-106
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• 2004

This paper presents some comparisons between Cournot-Nash and Stackelberg game in bi-level program, composed of both upper level program and lower level one. The upper level can be formulated to optimize a specific objective function, while the lower formulated to express travelers' behavior patterns corresponding to the design parameter of upper level problem. This kind of hi-level program is to determine a design parameter, which leads the road network to an optimal state. Bi-level program includes traffic signal control, traffic information provision, congestion charge and new transportation mode introduction as well as road expansion. From the view point of game theory, many existing algorithms for bi-level program such as IOA (Iterative Optimization Assignment) or IEA (Iterative Estimation Assignment) belong to Cournot-Nash game. But sensitivity-based algorithms belongs to Stackelberg one because they consider the reaction of the lower level program. These two game models would be compared by using an example network and show some results that there is no superiority between the models in deterministic case, but in stochastic case Stackelberg approach is better than that of Cournot-Nash one as we expect.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.581-587
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• 2008

This paper presents a railway network design problem (RNDP), which can be formulated as a bi-level program. In bi-level program upper level program is to minimize total travel cost including the construction cost of the railway facilities, whilst lower one describes the railway route choice behavior of passengers. We also propose a heuristic method for solving the program because it is a kind of NP-hard problem. From two numerical railway examples, we confirm that the RNDP and its algorithm produce a reasonable solution and that it is applicable to real world.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.21-27
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• 2016

Purpose: The system of clinical education program of Korean academic of orthopedic manual physical therapy (KAOMPT) was changed in 2014. The purpose of this study was to compare the level of satisfaction of clinical education program in KAOMPT before and after the new program. Methods: The subjects of this study were consisted of the physical therapist who participated the education program of KAOMPT from 2013 to 2015. 7687 structured questionnaires were divided in the courses and analysed. Results: There were significant differences of level of satisfaction of introduction course (p<.05), cervico-thoracic course (p<.001), lumbo-sacral course (p<.001), upper extremity course (p<.001), lower extremity course (p<.001), and advance course (p<.001) for three years. The satisfaction of introduction course was decreased in 2014 than 2013, but it was restored in 2015. The satisfaction of cervico-thoracic course was decreased in 2014 than 2013, but it was increased in 2015 than in 2013. The satisfaction of lumbo-sacral course in 2014 was decreased than in 2013, but it was restored in 2015. The satisfaction of upper extremity course in 2014 was increased than in 2013, but it became same level with 2013 in 2015. The satisfaction of lower extremity course in 2014 was increased than in 2013, and it was maintained same level in 2015. The satisfaction of advance course in 2014 was decreased than in 2013, and it is maintained same level in 2015. Conclusions: The level of satisfaction of clinical education program was decreased in 2014, but it became same or higher level with 2013 in 2015. It is assumed that the new clinical education program of KAOMPT was established completely in 2015.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.85-98
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of the activities of daily living (ADL) by the motor learning program for upper extremity in stroke patients. The subjects were sixty-two members who were treated at the department of occupational therapy. The ADL were measured with Functional Independence Measure (FIM). The result's were as fol1ows; 1. The ability to perform daily activities after treatment was significantly increased independent of age, gender, cause, affected side and speech disability (p<.01). The differences between the pre-treatment and the post-treatment was no significant correlation to sex, cause, affected side and duration of treatment, but the speech disability was significant. Therefore the pre-treatment scores and post-treatment scores were significantly different. 2. The variation of the pre-treatment and the post-treatment in the detail item to the performance of daily life of the stroke patients through the upper extremity motor learning program was significantly increased in self-care, sphincter control, locomotion, mobility, communication and social cognition (p<.01) Consequently, The motor learning program for upper extremity significantly improved the performance level of all ADL areas in stroke patients.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-24
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• 2010

The main goal of the study is to propose an objective and standardized evaluation system of stock enhancement programs. In order to achieve this goal, the study first suggested the need for stock enhancement program evaluation system through the review of current status and problems. Second, the study identified possible problems of the existing stock enhancement program evaluation by reviewing domestic and foreign evaluation systems. Finally the study proposed a new evaluation system and implementation plan of it. This study also classified the program evaluation criteria into ex-ante evaluation and ex-post evaluation according to the evaluation point in time, and applied the economic, political and technical feasibility tests into the evaluation of the stock enhancement program in order to solve the current problems of the evaluation. The evaluation process of the stock enhancement program is composed of an evaluation system design, estimation of weights using the analytical hierarchy process, design of estimation standard, conversion of scores and final summary of the evaluation. The central government takes the lead in the evaluation of the regional (metropolitan city or province) projects and the regional government is in charge of the evaluation of the local (city or county) projects. For the implementation of the ex-ante evaluation, either the regional or local governments ask for the evaluation and then submit an evaluation plan and other necessary documents to the upper level governments. The ex-post evaluation is then carried out by the upper level governments.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.53-60
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate changes in upper extremity joints and leisure satisfaction in children with brain lesions through sports stacking activities. Methods: A sports stacking program was conducted on three children with brain lesions who had upper extremity joint limitations and joint range of motion lower than the normal range. It was conducted 10 times, 1 to 2 times a week, 40 minutes each time. Upper extremity joint angles were measured using a goniometer in the order of shoulder, elbow, wrist, and fingers, and leisure satisfaction was measured using a smile evaluation. Results: As a result of measuring the upper extremity joint angles, all three children showed slight angle changes in the shoulder, elbow, and wrist areas. Differences in joint angles appeared differently for each child. Smile evaluation results were evaluated in various psychological, educational, and physical aspects. Only child A was evaluated for Smile Evaluation No. 1. Conclusion: Sports stacking activities changed the upper extremity function of children with brain lesion disorders and showed differences in psychological, physical, and educational aspects of leisure satisfaction. As this is a short-term study result, the change in upper extremity function is minimal, but if sports stacking activities are continued, it will be a rehabilitation program that can prevent upper extremity dysfunction and improve physical strength. Accordingly, continuous attention should be paid to increasing accessibility and enjoyment of daily life according to individual characteristics and level.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.113-128
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• 2016

This paper proposes a Bi-level Genetic Algorithm for the Fixed Charge Transportation Problem with Non-linear Unit Cost. The problem has the property of mixed integer program with non-linear objective function and linear constraints. The bi-level procedure consists of the upper-GA and the lower-GA. While the upper-GA optimize the connectivity between each supply and demand pair, the lower-GA optimize the amount of transportation between the pairs set to be connected by the upper-GA. In the upper-GA, the feasibility of the connectivity are verified, and if a connectivity is not feasible, it is modified so as to be feasible. In the lower-GA, a simple method is used to obtain a pivot feasible solution under the restriction of the connectivity determined by the upper-GA. The obtained pivot feasible solution is utilized to generate the initial generation of chromosomes. The computational experiment is performed on the selected problems with several non-linear objective functions. The performance of the proposed procedure is analyzed with the result of experiment.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2007

Purpose: There is a need to apply the Tai Chi program to help early mastectomy patients improve their upper limb functions and for the emotional state as well. Method: Participants were recruited at breast cancer centers of two general hospitals from February 17 to April 25, 2005. Twenty-five subjects in the experimental group and 23 subjects in the control group participated for 12 weeks. The Tai chi program consisted of breast cancer self management education and a Tai Chi exercise program. Range of motion of the shoulder joint was determined by the Uni-level inclinometer, and functional assessment of the shoulder was evaluated with the tool. Data was analyzed by SPSS 11. Results: The experimental group had significantly increased shoulder range of motion, especially in external rotation, upper limb function and emotional state compared with the control group after program for 12 weeks. Conclusion: This program makes it possible to be independent and have a positive everyday life. In addition, it can help keep a healthy lifestyle in mastectomy women.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.73-86
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• 2000

This paper introduces an hypermedia program supportable for teaching secondary and upper secondary level geometry. This program links users to files written in other softwares and internet web sites to provide information and exploratory environments with softwares. The linkage with the interactive dynamic software(GSP) files to teach hyperbolic geometry is illustrated with sample screens.