• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.131-135
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• 2007

Open reading frame 4 of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), designated as Bm4, is a gene whose function is completely unknown. With the recently developed BmNPV bacmid and a modified pFastBac1 whose polyhedrin promoter was replaced with ie1 promoter, a recombinant bacmid expressing Bm4-EGFP fusion protein under the control of ie1 promoter in BmN cells was successfully constructed. The result not only showed that the polyhedrin promoter can be replaced efficiently with other promoters to direct the expression of foreign gene in BmN cells by using Bac-to-Bac/BmNPV baculovirus expression system but also laid the foundation for rescue experiment of Bm4 deletion mutant due to the ability of ie1 promoter to direct gene expression throughout the infection cycle.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.933-937
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• 2014

A derivative of Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has been used for the preparation of tuberculosis vaccines. To establish a Korean tuberculosis vaccine derived from BCG-Pasteur $1173P_2$, genome sequencing of a BCG-Korea strain was completed by Joung and coworkers. A comparison analysis of the genome sequences of the BCG-Pasteur $1173P_2$ and BCG-Korea strains showed marginal increases in the total genome length (~0.05%) and the number of genes (~4%) in the BCG-Korea genome. However, how the genomic changes affect the BCG-Korea protein expression levels remains unknown. Here, we provide evidence of the proteomic alterations in the BCG-Korea strain by using a SWATH-based mass spectrometric approach (Sequential Window Acquisition of all THeoretical mass spectra). Twenty BCG proteins were selected by top-rank identification in the BCG proteome analysis and the proteins were quantified by the SWATH method. Thirteen of 20 proteins showing significant changes were enough to discriminate between the two BCG proteomes. The SWATH method is very straightforward and provides a promising approach owing to its strong reliability and reproducibility during the proteomic analysis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3 s.67
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• pp.26-37
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• 2006

Determination and differentiation of cells in the skeletal muscle lineage is positively regulated by cell-cell contact. Differentiation proteins proposed to mediate this effect include both classical MyoD and MEF members; potential interactions between the promyogenic activities of these classes of protein, however, are unknown. We show here that MyoD and MEF, two promyogenic family members that relate to each other in a cis fashion, form interactions with MyoD and MEF. These proteins contain myosin-heavy chainsand are enriched at sites of cell-cell contact between myoblasts. Therefore, in differentiation of MyoD and MEF from Chungsimyeonjaeum interact dependently, suggesting that the interactions occur in a cis fashion; consistent with this conclusion, MyoD-mediated differentiation is required for myoblasts to occur by Chungsimyeonjaeum. Inhibition in myoblasts of a MyoD by Staurosporine in its ability to associate with MEF interferes with differentiation as assessed by morphological and transcription levels, suggesting that this interaction is functionally important in myogenesis. Also, some of the differentiation-mediated proteins that are required for myogenesis seem to be based on interdependent activities of the promyogenic classical smad-subfamily.

• BMB Reports
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• v.50 no.9
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• pp.454-459
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• 2017

Tumor suppressor candidate 2 (Tusc2, also known as Fus1) regulates calcium signaling, and $Ca^{2+}$-dependent nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) and nuclear factor kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) pathways, which play roles in osteoclast differentiation. However, the role of Tusc2 in osteoclasts remains unknown. Here, we report that Tusc2 positively regulates the differentiation of osteoclasts. Overexpression of Tusc2 in osteoclast precursor cells enhanced receptor activator of nuclear factor ${\kappa}B$ ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation. In contrast, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Tusc2 strongly inhibited osteoclast differentiation. In addition, Tusc2 induced the activation of RANKL-mediated $NF-{\kappa}B$ and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase IV (CaMKIV)/cAMP-response element (CRE)-binding protein CREB signaling cascades. Taken together, these results suggest that Tusc2 acts as a positive regulator of RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.91-91
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• 2001

Nramp2, also known as DMT1 and DCT1, is a 12-transmembrane domain protein responsible for dietary iron uptake as well as metal ions such as lead, manganese, zinc, copper, nickel, cadmium, and cobalt. High expression of DMT1 increase lead uptake, and DMT1-dependent lead transport was H -dependent and inhibited by iron ions. The molecular mechanism of lead transport in CNS is as yet unknown. although interactions between iron and lead at the level of absorption have been known for some time. The process of lead uptake into astrocytes was not known yet. Nramp2 may mediate transport of heavy metal into astrocytes. We investigated whether Nramp2 mediate transport of lead into astrocytes. And we do whether Nramp2 was expressed highly by deprivation of iron in Astrocytes, and lead uptake into astrocytes was influenced by expression of Nramp2. Immortalized human fetal astrocyte(SV-FHA) cells were cultured in medium containing Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and treated with Deferoxamine. Northern blot analysis was done for determining mRNA level of DMT1 and lead uptake assay was done in incubation condition of pH 5.5 and 7.4.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.140-145
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• 1993

Langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X is a disease of unknown etiology characterized by proliferation of mature histiocytes. While a few descriptions of the cytologic features of eosinophilic granuloma ocurring in the bone have been published, reports of cytologic findings of lymph node-based Langerhans cell histiocytosis are very rare. We report the cytologic findings of a case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology from the left supraclavicular and right inguinal lymph nodes in a 65-year-old male. Cytologic smears showed characteristic reticuloendothelial cells which have elongated, folded, grooved nuclei and abundant pale cytoplasms. Particularly, nuclei were highly irregular and multilobated. A few mitotic figures were present. The cytologic diagnosis was confirmed by tissue biopsies from the left supraclavicular and right inguinal lymph nodes. Proliferation of histiocytes were also present in the skin. Immunohistochemistry for S-100 protein, vimentin, $\alpha1-antichymotrypsin$ and lysozyme showed positive staining. Electron microscopy disclosed Birbeck granules.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.11-14
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• 2011

The present study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of dichloromethane extract of Auricularia auricula-judae. Dichloromethane extract of Auricularia auricula-judae inhibited Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production significantly in a dose-dependent manner in the concentration ${\geq}\;10\;{\mu}g/ml$ (p < 0.05). Furthermore, RT-PCR results of this study indicated that the extract markedly reduced the expressions of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-$1{\beta}$) mRNA in LPS-treated murine RAW 264.7 macrophages, which could possibly ameliorate the inflammation. Nevertheless, dichloromethane extract of Auricularia auricula-judae did not show complete inhibition of IL-6 mRNA expression. The inhibition of IL-$1{\beta}$ cytokine at protein level was also observed in a dose dependent manner. In conclusion, the current study revealed the previously unknown effect of dichloromethane ethyl extract of Auricularia auricula-judae inhibitions of the production of NO, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ in LPS-stimulated macrophages.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.6 no.4 s.13
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• pp.51-58
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• 1990

In the present study, proximate compostions, fatty acid and amino acid compositions of wild and cultivated Dodok (Codonopsis laceolata B. et H.) were analysed. The contents of crude ash and crude protein were higher in the cultivated Dodok than in the wild Dodok. The main fatty acids in the total lipid, free lipid and bound lipid of wild and cultivated Dodok were linoleic acid, palmitic acid and followed by linolenic acid. In the case of wild Dodok, numerous unknown peaks were appeared significantly. The amino acids analyzed in wild aid cultivated Dodok were lysine, histidine, arginine, aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine. Arginine was the predominant amino acid in both wild and cultivated Dodok.

• BMB Reports
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• v.49 no.10
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• pp.527-528
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• 2016

In embryonic stem cells (ESCs), cell cycle regulation is deeply connected to pluripotency. Especially, core transcription factors (CTFs) which are essential to maintaining the pluripotency transcription programs should be reset during M/G1 transition. However, it remains unknown about how CTFs are governed during cell cycle progression. Here, we describe that the regulation of Oct4 by Aurora kinase b (Aurkb)/protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) axis during the cell cycle is important for resetting Oct4 to pluripotency and cell cycle related target genes in determining the identity of ESCs. Aurkb starts to phosphorylate Oct4(S229) at the onset of G2/M phase, inducing the dissociation of Oct4 from chromatin, whereas PP1 binds Oct4 and dephosphorylates Oct4(S229) during M/G1 transition, which resets Oct4-driven transcription for pluripotency and the cell cycle. Furthermore, Aurkb phosphormimetic and PP1 binding-deficient mutations in Oct4 disrupt the pluripotent cell cycle, lead to the loss of pluripotency in ESCs, and decrease the efficiency of somatic cell reprogramming. Based on our findings, we suggest that the cell cycle is directly linked to pluripotency programs in ESCs.

• BMB Reports
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.226-231
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• 2017

At the post-transcriptional and translational levels, microRNA (miRNA) represses protein-coding genes via seed pairing to the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNA. Although working models of miRNA-mediated gene silencing are successfully established using miRNA transfections and knockouts, the regulatory interaction between miRNA and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) remain unknown. In particular, how the mRNA-resembling lncRNAs with 5' cap, 3' poly(A)-tail, or coding features, are regulated by miRNA is yet to be examined. We therefore investigated the functional interaction between miRNAs and lncRNAs with/without those features, in miRNA-transfected early zebrafish embryos. We observed that the greatest determinants of the miRNA-mediated silencing of lncRNAs were the 5' cap and 3' poly(A)-tails in lncRNAs, at both the post-transcriptional and translational levels. The lncRNAs confirmed to contain 5' cap, 3' poly(A)-tail, and the canonical miRNA target sites, were observed to be repressed in the level of both RNA and ribosome-protected fragment, while those with the miRNA target sites and without 5' cap and 3' poly(A)-tail, were not robustly repressed by miRNA introduction, thus suggesting a role as a miRNA-decoy.