• Architectural research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.185-192
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• 2014

As the cities developed and grew into larger metropolises, land value grew and land invariably became an asset. One of very critical causalities of such widespread need for development was the urban residence that got converted into cesspools of urban slum, major crime area and rapidly degraded. Incessant population growth of these cities called for more land to build residences especially the economically affordable and safe housings were needed for the citizens of none or low-income community. However, not enough attentions have yet been given to the essential basics of human habitation that exist within metropolitan limits by social, economical and political aspects. The following paper studies and elaborates the development motivation adopted by the government to develop public housing in the United States under the technical guidance of supporters and developers from national and international communities. The paper discusses current situation of public housing in the United States with a focus on understanding the present status of public housing and physical condition of their surroundings, strategies for fund mobilization, types of local involvement and community participation, ways of continuous monitoring and maintenance, etc. thereby creating a self-sustaining and integrated management plan for public housings in the future.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.12-16
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• 1986

The reaction of seven cultivars of Nicotiana tabacum to eight naturally occurring strains of potato virus Y from tobacco and one from potato was determined by mechanical inoculations in greenhouse tests. Dixie Bright 244-2, McNair 3D, and Golden Stock Penish were highly tolerant to three mild strains, two from the United States and one from Korea, and to four severe strains, one each from the United States, West Germany, South Africa, and Korea. They also had some tolerance to a severe strain from Child and one from United States. Virus concentration in infected leaf tissue was virus strain-and cultivar-dependent.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.33-48
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• 2011

This study examined the relationships between place attachment to home, acculturative stress, and psychological adjustment among Korean youth in the United States. In particular, this study sought to better understand how place attachment to home and acculturation stress impacts upon youth's psychological adjustment, as measured by depression and self-esteem. The subjects consisted of 225 Korean youths (113 males and 111 females) residing in Michigan in the USA, of whom 47.6% attended middle school while 52.4% of whom attended high school. The instruments utilized were the acculturative stress scale (Sandhu and Asrabadi, 1994), the place attachment scale (Choi, Lee, & Han, 2009), Radloff's depression scale (CES-D), and Rosenberg's self-esteem scale. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to assess the predictive effects of place attachment to home and acculturative stress on youth's psychological adjustment, alongside controlling demographic variables. The findings indicated that place attachment to home and acculturative stress impacted upon depression and self-esteem, as experienced by the youths examined. These results have implications for our understanding of the importance of both youths' place attachment to home and acculturative stress in the acculturation process.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.61-73
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• 2005

Recently, Korea is becoming a world-leading country in various industrial fields with it's advanced information technology. In the 20th century, Korea went through a chaotic period from Japanese colonization via the Korean war to IMF because of lack of globalization. Now, we have a mission and the abilities to lead world-wide trends in entire fields of society. This study, comparing the modern healthcare planning trends in Korea, China, Japan and the United States, proposes the Northeast Asia Healthcare Network Plan which Korea leads. United States is the starter of healthcare network, but it's location is too far from Asia and IT is also inferior to the Korean. Japan seems to have no concerns with this healthcare network. And the current China is a rapid growing period and is too much for building its domestic healthcare infra-structure. they still have no concerns with re-structuring of healthcare system and facilities. Because of these reasons, I think Korea should have to lead Northeast Asia Healthcare network.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.17-27
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aims to examine spatial characteristics of emergency department Chronologically through case studies; and to consider the social implication of these spatial changes. Methods: In this study, a total of eight emergency departments, one for each period, were selected in order to analyze the spatial characteristics. The spatial maps of Space Syntax were employed for analyzing case studies. Results: The spatial configuration of emergency department has been changed from five or more emergency department specialties to four or less specialties such as psychiatric, pediatrics, emergency, and trauma. In the case of care initiation area, the concentrated arrangement mode was switched from the distributed arrangement mode. The spatial maps indicate that it can be seen that the tree structure changes to an annular structure emphasizing the connection between the spaces in the emergency department. This shows that the space efficiency, safe, visual control and flexibility in the planning of the emergency department are important factors affecting the spatial structure of the emergency department. Implications: In the future, it is expected that Korean emergency department will be more focused on efficiency, safe, visual control, and flexibility in the planning as in the case studies of the United States.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.35-44
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• 2015

Purpose - To accelerate economic cooperation, this study investigates trade structures of Korea and the United States and identifies trade discrepancies. Such discoveries can lead to increases in trade volume by improving policies, eventually uncovering ways for trade expansion. Research design, data, and methodology - The Index of trade intensity, from trade intensity theory, is used to analyze the trade decision factors. Even though specific factors should materialize in the analysis, realistically, concrete explanations are difficult as there are so many unsolved factors and diversifications. Results - First, the Index of A value/ B value positions Korean against the United States in terms of market share and Korea against world market share, which thereby reveals comparative market intensity. Second, Korea is taking comparative advantage of export specialization. Third, real comparative advantage indices are considerably improved since early 2000. Conclusions - This study uses quantitative measurements and trade intensity theory and trade specialization to come up with a comparative advantage index to see how inter-trade relations between Korea and the United States have changed over the past 10 years.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.137-150
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• 2002

The purpose of this study attempts to analyze the symbolism and fashion image of Barbie doll. It is scarcely a coincidence that the Barbie doll was developed in the united States in 1950s. She had been created in the 1950s as a cartoon character in a German newspaper, who named Bild Lilli. In 1959, toy company bought the rights and produced and almost identical doll in the United States. Therefore Barbie has symbolized the consumer culture of United States, ideal body image, and modern youth culture. It may be as a conclusion that Barbie's fashion can be divided into three period : 1. a period of classic fashion(1959-66), 2. a period of young casual fashion(1967-79), 3. a period of ethnic and career fashion. Just as Barbie's roles and clothes have changed with the spirit of the times, she is a valuable representation of female images and fashion over the last 40 years. Barbie's fashion image is divided into material girl image, dream girl image, and bad girl image.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.3258-3275
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• 2015

The rise in recent technology has changed the ways, in which people communicate with one another. Social networking services (SNSs) have become one of the most representative means. General SNSs allow users to create their own unique profiles, search for fellow members, share information, etc., while other SNSs have functions that cater to different needs of users. As a result, users of SNSs have begun to pick and choose different SNSs and concurrently use multiple SNSs in order to fulfill all their needs. This exploratory study examined which SNSs are used together and the characteristics that predict the use of multiple SNSs. In addition, it observed the differences between consumers' usage of multiple SNSs in different cultures. An online survey was administered to SNS users in the United States and Korea. The results of the study showed that the use of multiple SNSs is not yet prevalent in Korea, the country that represented a collectivistic culture. In addition, in the U.S., the highest number of users reported that they were active on at least three SNSs.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.97-114
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• 2000

Minority populations in the United States have a higher prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and more persons die of the disease than white persons. This study was to review and compare risk factors and prevalence rates of NIDDM in African Americans, Hispanic s, Korean Americans and Native Americans in the United States. The risk factors of NIDDM, including family history of diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, diet and age, were reviewed in the minority populations. Risk factors such as obesity, physical inactivity and family history of diabetes occurred to a greater extent in some minority populations than in the white population. Diabetes should be treated as a public health problem for minority populations. Due to the increase of older populations and the increased prevalence of obesity and sedentariness, NIDDM in minorities is nearing epidemic proportions. Good diet and regular exercise can reduce the incidence of NIDDM but an understanding of the cultural aspects of diabetes is imperative in order to provide adequate community health education programs because those programs involve diet and behavior changes, characteristics that are often culturally determined. In summary, it is important to plan a community health education program targeted on NIDDM in a culturally adapted manner that will be received with both comprehension and acceptability. In particular, the program for high-risk populations should be stressed so to prevent diabetes. Preventive approaches to diabetes should be considered because they can be both therapeutic and cost effective.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.366-375
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of drinking problems in Korean international students in the United States. Methods: The subjects involved this study were 190 Korean international students in the United States. Data were measured using a drinking problems questionnaire, an acculturative stress scale for international student, and the CES-D. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program to calculate mean, standard deviation, ANOVA, Sheff$\acute{e}$ test and pearson's correlation coefficient. and stepwise multiple regression. Results: 1) The mean score of the degree of perceived acculturative stress was $2.15{\pm}0.63$, of depression was $17.67{\pm}9.85$, and of drinking problems was $15.03{\pm}15.52.2$) There were significant correlations between acculturative stress and drinking problems (r=.506, p<.001), between depression and drinking problems (r=.6726, p<.001), and between acculturative stress and depression (r=.453, p<.001). 3) In stepwise multiple regression analysis the most powerful predictor of drinking problems were acculturative stress (${\beta}$=.243, p<.001), and depression (${\beta}$=.562, p<.001). Conclusion: Based on the results, practical implications for reducing the acculturative stress and improving the psychological well-being of Korean students were discussed.