• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.73-86
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• 2005

We need to flatten the brain cortex to smooth surface, sphere, or 2D plane in order to view the buried sulci. The rendered 3D surface of the segmented white matter and gray matter does not have the topology of a sphere due to the partial volume effect and segmentation error. A surface without correct topology may lead to incorrect interpretation of local structural relationships and prevent cortical unfolding. Although some algorithms try to correct topology, they require heavy computation and fail to follow the deep and narrow sulci. This paper proposes a method that corrects topology of the rendered surface fast, accurately, and automatically. The proposed method removes fractions beside the main surface, fills cavities in the inside of the main surface, and removes handles in the surface. The proposed method to remove handles has three-step approach. Step 1 performs smoothing operation on the rendered surface. In Step 2, vertices of sphere are gradually deformed to the smoothed surfaces and finally to the boundary of the segmented white matter and gray matter. The Step 2 uses multi-resolutional approach to prevent the deep sulci from geometrical intersection. In Step 3, 3D binary image is constructed from the deformed sphere of Step 2 and 3D surface is regenerated from the 3D binary image to remove intersection that may happen. The experimental results show that the topology is corrected while principle sulci and gyri are preserved and the computation amount is acceptable.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.5 s.52
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• pp.98-105
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• 2005

Through advanced computer technology, our physical environment became a flexible and liquid space that is a multi-functional space structure, hetero-alliance, formless, interactivity. We attempt to interpretate Deleuze's Other geometry as a space designer. Hence first, the aim of this study is to define the meaning of the Other and Other geometry. Second, to extract keywords out of the Other geometry to analyze the work. Third, to analyze the work using the space formative languages(blob, blurring, distortion, folding, layering, lightness, nesting, repetition, shear, transparency, twisting, unfolding, warping, waving, and weaving). The 13 works were selected which have been issued after year 2000 with the focus on liquid space studies. The methods of this study are literature research and contents analysis. The results of the analysis were as follows. First, the source is the Other who is a hidden potentials in the surrounding environment, and this source has the capability of making it part of reality anytime. Other geometry means it is a theory that is comprised of various lines that with the kind of experiences that one has in life. Second, the key words that were extracted from the theory of Deleuze's Other geometry were of (1)hetero-alliance(reflected in a sculptured shape or a fluid abstract form), (2)dis-form(by speculating the user's movements, and combining space elements with external forces), (3)interactivity (information was exchanged real time between the user and his environment where the space took on a sensory institution). Finally, after studying the works using the space formative languages, we found that blob, warping, waving were used externally, and repetition, warping and waving for mostly used internally.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.483-491
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• 2007

This paper proposes a Situation Simulation Framework for implementing computer game and describes the possibility of analyzing game with unfolding situation. In last few years game systems have been evolving from the performance of physical engine, network traffic in the on line game to the representation of rendering physical phenomena. In computer game, a situation hierarchy structure which allows the designer for simulating high-level specifications of game structure. Logically simulated environment is created by defining situations and events based on hierarchy structure of the situation. We classify events into explicit event is occurred by user and implicit event is occurred by system. Our study defines the existence of objects is the most prevalent factor applied to any event in game world. The advantages of this approach are able to allow for providing the conceptual design for simulation game and analyzing the situation in the game world. And this method allows us to decrease the complexity of system design and abstraction modeling for the simulation game. Specially, the introduction of the definition of events allows us to approach game design in a structural manner rather than by their classification. The proposed method was implemented in the "Shooting BaDuk" among games.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.137-145
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• 2011

Hsp33, a prokaryotic molecular chaperone, exerts holdase activity in response to oxidative stress. In this study, the stepwise conformational change of Hsp33 upon oxidation was monitored by NMR. In order to overcome its high molecular weight (33 kDa as a monomer and 66 kDa as a dimer), spectra were simplified using a selectively [$^{15}N$]His-labeled protein. All of the eight histidines were observed in the TROSY spectrum of the reduced Hsp33. Among them, three peaks showed dramatic resonance shifts dependent on the stepwise oxidation, indicating a remarkable conformational change. The results suggest that unfolding of the linker domain is associated with dimerization, but not entire region of the linker domain is unfolded.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.477-484
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• 1986

The interaction of myofibrillar protein with lipid or oxidized lipid was considered to be mostly contributing to the drop of digestibility of fish meat products. The digestibility of myofibrillar protein was $92.11\%$ for flounder and $88.04\%$ for hairtail fish, repectively, and as a rule it decreased as both the amount of lipid and reaction time increased. It also decreased with increase in the amount of added linoleate and oxidized linoleate. However, when the reaction continued for 6 hours or more the digestibility rather increased, which was provably due to the unfolding of protein structure. The hot air dried hairtail fish showed the lowest C-PER values among all dried fish products. The protein quality of flounder, hairtail fish and their dried ones except hot air dried ones measured by C-PER procedure were superior to that of ANRC casein. DC-PER values of all samples were greater than those of C-PER values and the greater discrepancies were noted in hairtail fish (fatty fish) products which possessed the lower in vitro protein digestibilities. Predicted diegstibilities, which were calculated using amino acid profiles, of all samples except raw ones were overestimated in comparison with in vitro protein digestibilities. From the observations so far, formation of complex of lipids and protein was thought to be the most important factor in lowering protein digestibility of the dried fish meat products.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.41-48
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• 1980

It has been more than ten years that the studies in the field of social gerontology I Korean had begun. But there had been no empirical study on this field about the published articles. This study intend to analyze and evaluate those achievements synthetically focusing on the past articles on the aged in Korea which had been published till March, 1980. And also intend to prepare a movement for the purpose of utilizing and fixing those past articles in order to contribute to the social gerontology I Korean. Used raw materials are as follows; 1) research papers of every college 2) thesis of annex research institute of every college 3) reports of academic institutes and organizations annex research institute of every college 30 reports of academic institutes and organizations 4) 42 copies of raw materials of seminars and doctoral dissertations and 3 independent volumes. In order to describe what kind of researches has been done in the field of social gerontology, categorized in six items focusing on the selected studies. 1) Process of unfolding and definitions of social gerontology 2) Economic life of old people 3) Works, Retirement, loneliness and alienation of the old people 4) Domestic management of old people 5) Medical and health aspects of old people 6) Welfare of old people These problems has been exposed through this research. Firstly almost every studies are descriptive and diagnostic rather than scientific for the theoretic development of gerontology. secondly it is difficult to generalize for the purpose of utilizing the outcome of researches I the broader and deeper sense those researches has been done in regional level. Thirdly there hadn't been any researches over the entire country in the governmental level. Thus it is impossible to deduce and analyze comparatively on the ground of governmental data.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.113-120
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• 2016

This paper presents a new high-speed SHA-1 pipeline architecture having a computation delay close to the maximum critical path delay of the original SHA-1. The typical SHA-1 pipelines are based on either a hash operation or unfolded hash operations. Their throughputs are greatly enhanced by the parallel processing in the pipeline, but the maximum critical path delay will be increased in comparison with the unfolding of all hash operations in each round. The pipeline stage logics in the proposed SHA-1 has the latency is similar with the result of dividing the maximum threshold delay of a round by the number of iterations. Experimental results show that the proposed SHA-1 pipeline structure is 0.99 and 1.62 at the operating speed ratio according to circuit size, which is superior to the conventional structure. The proposed pipeline architecture is expected to be applicable to various cryptographic and signal processing circuits with iterative operations.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.10-21
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• 2001

This paper develops a logical simulation method for by dyversity of situations. Most existing systems, for example, games and infant tutoring systems lead users to virtual environment with unfolding situations, but are not designed to induce the change of the environment itself. In this paper, a logically simulated environment is created by defining situations and single events based on situation hierarchy structure. We elaborate the occurrence of events by classifying the causality. The occurrence or natural phenomena is dictated by physical laws and natural phenomena are expressed as the transition of the event based on event association. Specifically we define the source of the event for natural phenomena and we consider the existence of objects as a primary factor in event occurrence. The advantages of this approach include the reuse of events, that is, different events can be generated in the same flow with fresh conditions. This allows us to implement a more practical and logical environment. A drawback to this method is the difficulty in dividing a situation into events. The proposed method was implemented in the context of the change of season among natural phenomena.

• BMB Reports
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.530-536
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• 2006

Thermal conformational changes of human serum albumin (HSA) in phosphate buffer, 10 mM at pH = 7 are investigated using differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), circular dichroism (CD) and UV spectroscopic methods. The results indicate that temperature increment from $25^{\circ}C$ to $55^{\circ}C$ induces reversible conformational changes in the structure of HSA. Conformational change of HSA are shown to be a three-step process. Interestingly, melting temperature of the last domain is equal to the maximum value of fever in pathological conditions, i.e. $42^{\circ}C$. These conformational alterations are accompanied by a mild alteration of secondary structures. Study of HSA-SDS (sodium dodecyl sulphate) interaction at $45^{\circ}C$ and $35^{\circ}C$ reveals that SDS affects the HSA structure at least in three steps: the first two steps result in more stabilization and compactness of HSA structure, while the last one induces the unfolding of HSA. Since HSA has a more affinity for SDS at $45^{\circ}C$ compared to $35^{\circ}C$, It is suggested that the net negative charge of HSA is decreased in fever, which results in the decrease of HSA-associated cations and plasma osmolarity, and consequently, heat removal via the increase in urine volume.

• BMB Reports
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.62-67
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• 2008

The present study was aimed to elucidate the mechanism of stabilization of tubulin by deuterium oxide ($D_2O$). Rate of decrease of tryptophan fluorescence during aging of tubulin at 4$^{\circ}C$ and 37$^{\circ}C$ was significantly lower in $D_2O$ than in $H_2O$. Circular dichroism spectra of tubulin after incubation at 4$^{\circ}C$, suggested that complete stabilization of the secondary structure in D2O during the first 24 hours of incubation. The number of available cysteine measured by DTNB reaction was decreased to a lesser extent in $D_2O$ than in $H_2O$. . During the increase in temperature of tubulin, the rate of decrease of fluorescence at 335 nm and change of CD value at 222 nm was lesser in $D_2O$. Differential Scanning calorimetric experiments showed that the $T_m$ values for tubulin unfolding in $D_2O$ were 58.6$^{\circ}C$ and 62.17$^{\circ}C$, and in $H_2O$. those values were 55.4$^{\circ}C$ and 59.35$^{\circ}C$.