• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.47-69
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• 2010

From the review of Korean arbitration systems with the comparison of those of other countries, we can summarize some issues to be tackled as follows: First, Korean arbitration system started with the purpose of export promotion. This may be the main reason that various domestic disputes have not been resolved by arbitration. Second, the Korean Arbitration Law applies to private disputes. The Law's arbitration scope is wider than that of China and France, but narrower than that of the U.S.A. that encompasses a variety of disputes in the filed of consumer, labor, medical services, patents, etc. Third, active judges or public officials in Korea can not be arbitrator and there is no arbitration court. However, if chief judge allows the necessity, court's judges in the UK can be arbitrator with the mutual agreement of the parties and also arbitration system is operated in the court. Fourth, the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board(KCAB), the only representative institution for arbitration in Korea, is under the Ministry of Knowledge Economy(MKE). This makes it difficult for the KCAB to handle other disputes related to the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the Ministry of Strategy and Finance, the Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, the Ministry of Employment and Labor, etc. Fifth, as mentioned, the KCAB is the unique institution for arbitration by the Law in Korea, while other countries allow have a diversity of arbitration agencies such as maritime arbitration organization, consumer arbitration institution, arbitration court, etc. Therefore, we suggest some ideas to expand the arbitration's area of coverage in Korea as follows: First, there should be more active policies that promote various domestic disputes to be settled by the arbitration system. Second, it is quite needed to expand the scope of arbitration to cover many disputes in the fields of consumer, labor, medical service, advertising, fair trade, etc. Third, there should be discussions to allow court judges as arbitrator and to introduce the arbitration court. Fourth, the KCAB should strengthen its status and roles as general arbitration organization to overcome the limited scope of commercial disputes. For this, there should be the strong support and coordination among the MKE and other government agencies. Fifth, to reduce the burden of the court's complicated and expensive procedures, more efficient disputes resolution systems should be established on the basis of the parties' free will. Each central government agency should streamline the legal barriers to allow industrial organizations under its control to establish their own or joint arbitration system with the KCAB.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 1977

Despite the fact that it is not a fatal symptom. the lower back pain of human species is considered a health problem of modern society: 80% of world population experience it and the distress and dysfunction caused by interferes daily life as well as the general productivity. This study was performed to investigate the general tendency of lower back Pain on nurses: influence of nursing activities, working condition and the physical characteristics of nurses on the pain in order to provide data for prevention and treatment. 386 nurses working at 16 general hospitals throughout the country were sampled. Questionaries developed by the researcher was used for data gathering. Results are as follows : 1. Lower back pain was experienced by most(72.3%) of the nurses: the highest rate of -Pain experience was revealed to be the a9e group of 35-39 (80.8%) followed by 25-29 group (74.2%). 2. In almost all instances (91.4%), the first pain attack occurred before the age of 29, and in 73.1%. the attack occurred between the age of 15-24. 3. In 10.1%, the pain was almost persistent or occurred every other day frequency. In 9%, the pain was relieved by the administration of analgesics or "unable to move". 4. More than 6 days′sick leave due to the pain revealed to be in 2.2%. No significant difference was revealed between specialities of service. 5. Pain experience and the over or under weight revealed not to have significant relations. (X$^2$=0.55224, p〉0.7587) 6. The length of working hour of I. C. U. and O. R, revealed to be longer than that of nurses general ward, however. no significant difference on the rate of pain occurrence apparent. (X$^2$=0.4952, p〉0.8239) No significant difference on the rate of pain occurrence between nurses working over 46 hours/week and under 45 hours/week. (X$^2$=3.86241, p〉0.078318) 7. The most frequent Pain related movement revealed to be "lifting patient or heavy object" (24. 7%, N=68) followed by "the sameness of position, either standing or sitting"(16.8%) 8. Regular physical exercise revealed to have no significant influence on the rate of Pain occurrence. 9. Higher raft of pain experience was revealed in the group of nurses wearing eye glasses. Uncomfortable shoes revealed to have influenced the pain. 10. The most frequent pain relieving treatment revealed to be "rest" (54.2%, N= 151) followed by "analgesics" (12.6%, N=35) and "hot compress/fomentation"(10.5%, N=29). In 13.7% (N=38) no special care was given.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.115-127
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• 2008

Purpose : This study aimed to examine the effects of empowerment of the paramedics on critical thinking and provide the basic materials for the qualitative improvement of emergency medical service. Methods : This study collected data with the paramedics working at general hospital and hospital emergency room in G metropolitan city, B metropolitan city, U metropolitan city, D metropolitan city and J province from July 1 to 31, 2008. Total 180 questionnaires were collected and 152 were used for final analysis, and the following results were obtained through statistical analysis using SPSS 12.0 program. Results : 1) Average score of empowerment was 4.44 out of 6 and according to average score by areas, significance was 4.94, capacity 4.92, self-determination 4.28, and effective-ness 3.62. 2) Empowerment by general characteristics was statistically significant in age (F = 3.313, p < 0.05), the final scholastic attainments(F = 2.436, p < 0.05), and salary(F = 1.695, p < 0.01). 3) Average score of critical thinking was 3.12 out of 7 and according to scores by areas, maturity was highest as 3.71, followed by no prejudice as 3.70, systemicity as 3.14, pursuit of truth as 3.05, much curiosity as 2.93, critical thinking and self-confidence as 2.92, and analysis as 2.91. 4) Critical thinking by general characteristics was statistically significant in marital status (F = 15.695, p < 0.01) and the final scholastic attainments (F = 2.606, p < 0.05). 5) Correlations between empowerment and critical thinking showed positive correlations as Pearson's correlation coefficient r = 0.400 and positive correlation in all areas including empowerment and critical thinking were found (r = 0.116-0.710). 6) The effect of empowerment on critical thinking was statistically significant in p < 0.01 and was explained as $R^2=0.155$. In the effects of empowerment on critical thinking, significance, capacity and self-determination were statistically significant in p < 0.01, effectiveness in p < 0.05 and were explained as R2 = 0.244. Conclusion : From the above results, it was found that empowerment had the influence on critical thinking, so it was considered that hospital managers and emergency room chiefs must develop and operate education and training program based on the concept of empowerment, maintenance and management strategies.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.7B
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• pp.795-805
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• 2011

The research on the immersive media technology is actively being done with the emergence of immersive services using immersive media, especially in the broadcasting industry and with the increased market demand for it. The industry which produces, transmits, processes and services the immersive contents is commonly called Immersive Media Industry. Immersive Media Industry has recently received attention as next-generation strategic industry with its high marketability and its high possibility of market expansion through convergence with other industry such as education, health, advertisement, travel and public service industry. As other advanccd country such as the U.S., Japan and Europe buckle down to take the innitiative in the immersive media industry, Korea government also begins to make plan to promote the immersive media industry. As above, immersive media industry is a cutting-edge convergence industry which embraces broadcasting, telecommunication and contents industry and it is rising as core growth engine industry. This article analyses the economic effects of immersive media industry through quantatitive method and evaluates the relations between the immersive media industry and the other related industries. As a result, the effect on production inducement of immersive media industry is 610.9 billion Korean Won; the effect on value-added inducement is 468.7 billion Korean Won; and it is measured that 3,258 job will be created by the immersive media industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.59
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• pp.115-150
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the current status of the Dream Start program from the perspective of social investment strategy, and as well as to suggest future directions. The program has become a major government welfare program in korea since it was introduced in 2007 as a demonstration project, following research evidence and a sound rationale about the extensive success of Head Start in the U.S. and Sure Start Programme in the UK. The aim of Dream Start is to provide integrated services for the vulnerable children, aged 0 to 12, and their families who are identified using a national administration data record of disadvantaged families with children. In order to promote the vulnerable child's well-being, to overcome inequalities, and to give every child the best start in life, Dream Start adopted a local, "whole family" approach. Case management services form an essential part of the Dream Start to customize and integrate comprehensive services such as counseling, health care, parenting advice and education, academic tutoring, and after-school activities. Although there has been a general improvement in key factors since its inception, Dream Start has not yet sufficiently shown the strong and hoped-for impact. In the meantime, Dream Start must be given financial expansion and extensive policy supports to get the chance of realizing and evaluating long-term gains for children and their families. More work need to be done to overcome inequalities and to make Dream Start service more accessible for the most disadvantaged families with children in Korea. Practical and policy suggestions for future directions of the Dream Start programs were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.177-187
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• 2021

Objectives: This study investigated the different perceptions of customers toward traditional and non-traditional fast-food restaurants regarding restaurant healthfulness, corporate reputation, and the impact of corporate reputation on loyalty intentions through corporate social responsibility (CSR) motive. Methods: An online survey was conducted on U.S. residents who were aware of fast food restaurants' CSR activities. Participants selected one fast food restaurant participating in CSR activities, coded as either traditional (n = 117) or non-traditional (n = 48), and answered questions about the selected restaurant's healthfulness, reputation, CSR motives, and loyalty intentions. The participants' perceptions of healthfulness and corporate reputation of the two types of fast-food restaurants were compared. A mediation path of corporate reputation - CSR motive - loyalty intention was analyzed. Results: Non-traditional fast-food restaurants (5.02 ± 1.26) were perceived to be more healthful than traditional ones (3.93 ± 1.72). The participants perceived that compared to traditional fast-food restaurants, non-traditional ones had a better overall corporate reputation (P = 0.037), were more concerned about their customers (P = 0.029), better workplaces (P = 0.007), more environmentally and socially responsible (P < 0.001), and offered higher quality products and services (P = 0.042). Significant positive correlations were shown between restaurant healthfulness and corporate reputation (P < 0.001 for all reputation items). The suggested mediation path was supported with 95% CIs excluding zero, implying that when fast-food restaurants had a better reputation overall, were customer oriented, good employers, strong companies with a good product and service quality, social and environmental responsibility, the participants were more likely to perceive their CSR activities to be sincere and were hence loyal to that restaurant. Conclusions: Overall, participants were more favorable towards non-traditional fast-food restaurants which had a healthier image and better reputation than traditional ones. Therefore, fast food restaurants need to consider offering healthy food and enhance their image, which would maximize the return on their investment in CSR.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.259-267
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• 2021

Recently, the market for personal health care and medical devices based on Bluetooth Low Energy(BLE) has grown rapidly. BLE is being used in various medical data communication devices based on low power consumption and universal compatibility. However, since data errors occurring in the transmission of medical data can lead to medical accidents, it is necessary to analyze the causes of errors and study methods to reduce data error. In this paper, the minimum communication speed to be used in medical devices was set to at least 800 byte/sec based on the wireless electrocardiography regulations of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. And the data loss rate was tested when data was transmitted at a speed higher than 800 byte/sec. The factors that cause communication data error were classified, and the relationship between each factor and the data error rate was analyzed through experiments. When there were two or more activated peripherals connected to the central, data error occurred due to channel hopping and bottleneck, and the data error rate increased in proportion to the communication distance and the number of activated peripherals. Through this experiment, when the BLE is used in a medical device that intermittently transmits biosignal data, the risk of a medical accident is predicted to be low if the number of peripherals is 3 or less. But, it was determined that BLE would not be suitable for the development of a biosignal measuring device that must be continuously transmitted in real time, such as an electrocardiogram.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.43-51
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• 2023

This study analyzed the patent status of the outdoor exercise equipment used primarily by the elderly. The purpose is to utilize the basic data obtained to promote the health of the elderly. The information on the patent was collected from KIPRIS, an information search service provided by the Korean Intellectual Property Office. The search term used was 'outdoor exercise equipment', directly related patents were selected, and a final 157 were analyzed. As a result of the analysis, first, patent registration began in 2007, and 2-3 patents were registered on average every year. Second, patents from the perspective of sports convergence that provide an exercise prescription system using wireless communication, such as the ability to generate electricity by operating a power generation module, providing information on the user's exercise amount, or preventing the loss and theft of weights and safety accidents due to their characteristics, were searched for. Lastly, patents related to exercise equipment that can provide user convenience and increase the frequency of use of exercise equipment were searched. The results of this study confirmed that outdoor exercise equipment is being developed more for the elderly and their convenience, and that companies and public institutions are showing increased interest in outdoor exercise equipment for the elderly. In addition to patent trends analysis, follow-up research in connection with exercise programs using outdoor exercise equipment is needed to develop practical and convenient outdoor exercise equipment in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.325-329
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the film thicknesses of several resin cements as a function of time after mixing and to examine the effect of working time on the film thicknesses. Materials and methods: The film thickness (${\mu}m$) of 4 resin cements (n=10), 1 composite resin (Panavia F 2.0), 3 self-adhesive resin (Clearfil SA luting, Zirconite, RelyX U200) cements was measured at 20-second intervals after mixing of the cements up to 200 seconds under a load of 50 N. Linear regression was fitted to verify the effect of working time on the film thickness of each cement. Data were compared to the working time recommended by manufacturers using Wilcoxon test ($\alpha$=.05). Results: All of the materials showed a positive linear correlation between the film thickness and working time. There was no statistically significant difference between the working time based on our results and the values recommended by the manufacturers even though there was a discrepancy between those two values. Conclusion: The film thickness of resin cements could increase with the increase of working time. Working time to meet the ISO standard of $50-{\mu}m$ maximum film thickness could be different from the manufacturer's recommended value.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine dental personnels' concern for health, their personal protection manner, and whether or not they were inoculated against hepatitis B and made an inquiry of patients about that. It's ultimately meant to serve as a basis for the preparation of an anti-infection guide for the protection of dental personnels against all sorts of infectious diseases. After a survey was conducted from March 29 through May 9, 2001, the following findings were obtained: (1) The dental personnel group that had worked for 5 to less than 7 years took health examination the most, with 71.4%, before joining the hospital, and 61.5% of those who had served for 9 years or more, the greatest percentage, took medical checkup after joining the hospital(P<0.05). (2) The largest percentage of being inoculated against the anti-B type hepatitis after employment was 71.4% of the dental personnels over 35, and 57.7% of those with 9-year or more working experiences. Therefore, their age and service term made a significant difference(P<0.05). (3) There was no significant gap in personal protection practices between the dental hygienists and nurse aids(P>0.05). But the use of safety goggles for treatment was not properly done, with just 1.48 on the basis of 3 points, whereas the use of mask was scored 2.40 and the use of gloves was scored 1.96. (4) After a narcotic was used once, the leftovers were wasted by 89.7% of the dental hygienists and 70.0% of the nurse aids. More dental hygienists wasted them(P<0.05). (5) For hand washing, antibiotic liquid soap was used by 19.3% of the dental hygienists and 10.0% of the nurse aids, which were both very low percentage. And just 37.2% of the dental hygienists utilized a disposable paper towel to dry their hands, and only 36.0% of the nurse aids used the same(P<0.05).