• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.151-162
• /
• 2002

The instability in the current financial market caused consumers a lot of difficulties in their financial decision making. The purpose of this study is to classify the changes in household portfolios during the economic crisis under IMF-trusteeship (IMF Crisis hereafter), and to examine the characteristics of the households according to the types of household portfolio changes. The data were taken from 1996 and 1999 Korean Household Panel Studies, and 1,293 households were selected for the final analysis. Methods of analysis included frequencies, percentages, Chi-square tests, F-tests, and t-tests. Major findings are as follows: 1. In the midst of the financial market changes during the period of the IMF crisis, consumers tended to manage their household portfolio differently according to their household characteristics. 2. The changes of household portfolio can be classified into two different types: the changed type (44.4%) and the unchanged type(55.6%). There are significant differences in the level of wealth, family life cycle stage, housing tenure, and the household head's job, between the changed type and the unchanged type. The family members of the unchanged type are more likely to be older and relatively wealthy compared with the families in the changed type. 3. The changes of household portfolio can be further classified into six different types: the unchanged-liquidity type (21%), the unchanged-multiplication type (24.6%), the unchanged-insurance type (9.8%), the changed-to-liquidity type (13.9%), the changed-to-multiplication type (13.0%), and the changed-to-insurance type (17.5%). There are significant differences in income level, wealth level, family life cycle stage, housing tenure, and the job of household head among the six types of changes.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.63-81
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes of time series, the use by farm type and the causes of farm household debt. First, the mid and long term changes in farm household debt over the past 50 years have increased. Since 2010, the share of non-agricultural debt has exceeded the share of agricultural debt. Second, as a result of the analysis of the farm household debt use by farm type - full time&part time, farming type, land size, age, family members - there was a difference between the agricultural and the non-agricultural debt according to the type of farm household in a significant level of 1%. Finally, as a result of the cause analysis of the farm household debt, the related non-agricultural expenditure variables and the dummy variable of the manager's age, family member and land size has a common influence on the farm household debt increase.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.85-95
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to classify the household financial strategies and find out variables affecting the type of the household financial strategies. The data of 3994 households from Korean Labor and Income Panel Study(1999-2000) were used. The major findings were as follows: (1) the household financial strategies were Residual Saver Type(44.6%), Unformal Institute Saver Type(13.3%), Financial asset Saver Type(16.7%), Real estate Saver Type(13.4%) and Diversities(12.0%). (2) The household financial strategy types were changed rapidly during short term. (3) In 3994 households, the variables which influence on the change of the household financial strategies were education, job, numbers of children, place of residence, home ownership. Similarly, in each type, the change of household financial strategies was significantly different according to the household characteristics variables.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.113-122
• /
• 2007

Houses in Jeju city are divided into separated types and combination types of household affairs space. Other special types are separated-kitchen type. Separated household affairs space type is mostly built. Separated household affairs space type were sitting room + Gopang separate type and separate sitting room type. Combination household affairs space type made from sitting room, kitchen, Gopang and Chabang(Dinning room) put together as space differentiation, also into classes sitting room + kitchen + Gopang + Chabang type, sitting room + kitchen + Chabang type, sitting room + kitchen + Gopang, sitting room + kitchen type by combination household cares space type. Separated-kitchen type was one of the special type from separated-kitchen type of traditional housing, and type with continuous. Houses in Jeju city were 3 kan type and 4 kan type. 4kan type was mostly built. ㅡ shape is kept as plan shaped of straight shape, and roof shape is showed as ㅡ shape gathering roof. ㅡ shape + part projection type talls part projecting type as happened in Gopang, and Chabang. Roof is gathering roof, and when it is showed ㄱ shape by Gopang, Chabang, and kitchen are projected. ㅡ shape + total projection shape is one of the room become totally projected by Gopang and Chabang, can be happen with small room or kitchen, and roof as gathering roof shaped with ㅡ shape, ㄱ shape, ㄷ shape, unsystematic ㄹ shape, and various shapes.

• Journal of Consumption Culture
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.93-118
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a householder's working type on household saving from the perspective of precautionary saving behavior theory and the determinants of household saving by householder's working type. The data for this study was from the 2009 year of the Korea Welfare Panel Survey (KOWEPS), consisting of 2,463 households with householders whose working type was regular or non-regular employment(temporary, daily or public work). OLS regression analyses and Chow-tests were performed. In the regression analyses, the dependent variables for household saving were precautionary saving and precautionary asset. Precautionary saving was operationalized with the amount of average monthly saving and the ratio of average monthly saving to average monthly disposable income, and precautionary asset was operationalized with the amount of financial assets and the ratio of financial assets to net assets. The independent variables were household income, household assets, householder's working type(regular, non-regular), householder's age, sex, education level and marriage status, income level, the number of household members, housing type, debt, and public transfer income. Monthly average total consumption expenditures for household income, and net assets for household assets, the existence of spouse for marriage status, poverty for income level were used. Public transfer income was classified into three, social insurance, basic assistance and government assistance. For the analyses, Stata 11.0 version was used. The results are as follows: Householder's working type was significantly related to the precautionary saving behavior of a household. However, the precautionary saving and the precautionary asset of a household with a householder in non-regular working type was lower than those of a household with a householder in regular working type. This result is not consistent with the expectation from the perspective of precautionary saving behavior that the saving of a household with a householder in non-regular working type is expected to be higher than that of a household with a householder in regular working type. According to the analyses of the determinants for precautionary saving behavior by householder's working type, monthly average total consumption expenditures, debt, net assets, poverty, the number of household members, basic assistance were statistically significant variables. The positive relation of basic assistance to precautionary saving(the amount of average monthly saving and the ratio of average monthly saving)is a noteworthy result in the analyses of the determinants for household saving by householder's working type. The above results suggest the followings. First, it is easy to predict the unstability of economic life of a household with a householder in non-regular working type because of relatively low precautionary saving and precautionary asset. The reason for the low precautionary saving and the low precautionary asset may be a low current income of the household in spite of its willingness to save. If this reasoning is possible, it suggests that policies are needed for households with householders in non-regular working type to save. Second, the relatively low precautionary saving and precautionary asset of a household with a householder in non-regular working type suggest also their long-term economic stability. This suggests they need to try a long-term financial planning even though they have limitations to save for future because of their low current income. It is necessary to develop the financial planning for the households with unstable incomes. Third, the determinants for precautionary saving behavior by householder's working type were mostly the ones which reflect the economic condition of a household. This suggests that the economic condition of a household is a core factor for household saving. Consequently, it emphasizes the efforts for a household to acquire the adequate level of income for saving. Forth, the positive relation of basic assistance to precautionary saving(the amount of average monthly saving and the ratio of average monthly saving) suggests the possibility for a household to accumulate the precautionary saving and the precautionary asset in the channel of basic assistance.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.127-144
• /
• 1999

The purposes of this study were to identify the housing maintenance cost, imputed rent fee and total housing cost of households living in rental house, to analyze the factors related to their housing maintenance cost, imputed rent fee and total housing cost and to investigate the factors contributing to total housing cost to total household income ratio. The data used for these purposes, was 97 KHPS of Daewoo Economic Research Institute. Sample size of households living in rental house, was 663. Statistics performed for the analysis were frequencies, percentiles, t-test, Lorenz cutie and Gini coefficient, Tobit analysis, OLS and Logistic analysis. The results of this study were as fellows: First, monthly cost of monthly rent & maintenance and repairs of households living in rental house with a deposit was lower than rental house, while the imputed rent fee of households living rental house with a deposit was higher than monthly rent households'And, total housing cost of households living in rental house with a deposit was higher than monthly rent households'. Second, Gini coefficient of the housing maintenance cost was 0.440, Gini coefficient of imputed rent fee was 0.362, and Gini coefficient of total housing cost was 0.291. Third, the variables related to their housing maintenance cost were family type, total household expenditure of socio-demographic characteristics and residence, type of rent, housing type of housing environmental factor. Also, the variables contributing to imputed rent fee were job type and educational attainment of household hearts, the number of family members, total household expenditure, residence, type of rent, housing type and tole number of rooms. In addition, the variables associated with total housing cost were job type and educational attainment of household head, total household income and residence, type of rent, housing type and the number of room. Finally, age, job type, educational attainment of household head, wife's employment status, the number of family members, family type, total household expenditure, residence, rent type of rent, housing type, the size of living space, and the number of room were significant variables contributing to total household cost to total household income ratio.

• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.355-363
• /
• 2021

Background: Self-rated health of women according to marital status and household type has rarely been considered. This study determined the differences in the self-rated health of women according to marital status and household type. Methods: Using cross-sectional data from the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we included 9,990 women aged above 19 years. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the relationships between self-rated health, marital status, and household type. Results: Overall, 74.5% of the women reported poor self-rated health. Regarding marital status and household type, one-person households and unmarried women had a higher risk of poor self-rated health (odds ratio [OR], 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-2.05), while multi-person households and no-spouse women had a lower risk of poor self-rated health (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.58-0.83). Furthermore, women who are one-person households and unmarried had a higher risk of poor self-rated health in those who had college or higher educational level (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.25-3.13). Conclusion: Self-rated health among women was associated with marital status and household type. Future studies are required to generalize these findings by considering various household compositions to improve women's self-rated health status.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.41-52
• /
• 2021

Purpose: This study aims to provide implications for the government's housing supply policy by analyzing the factors that determine the type of real estate holding and household debt. This study started from the awareness that the determinants of household debt differ depending on the type of real estate holding. Research design, data and methodology: Real estate ownership type was classified and analyzed into 4 models: model 1 (1 household 1 house and self-resident), model 2 (1 household multiple real estate ownership and self-resident), model 3 (1 household 1 house and rent residence), model 4 (1 household holds a large number of real estate and rent residence). The analysis method used multiple regression analysis. The dependent variable was household total debt. As independent variables, household debt, annual gross household income, financial assets, real estate net assets, annual repayment, demographic & residential characteristics were used. Results: 1) Model 4 has the highest household debt and the highest gross income, Model 2 has the most real estate mortgage loans and real estate net asset, and Model 1 has the highest real estate mortgage payments. 2) The positive factor of common household debt determinants is real estate net assets, and the negative factor is financial assets. 3) It was the net assets of real estate that acted as a positive factor in common for the four models. In other words, the more financial assets, the less household debt. It was analyzed that the more net assets of real estate, the more household debt. The annual repayment of financial liabilities had no influence on household debt, while the annual repayment of loan liabilities and household debt had a positive relationship. Conclusions: 1) It is necessary to introduce benefits and systems that can increase the proportion of household financial asset. Specific alternatives include tax benefits and reduced fees for financial asset investment. 2) In the case where a homeless person prepares one house for one household, it is necessary to prepare various support measures according to the income level. The specific alternative is to give additional points for pre-sale or apply an interest rate cut incentive for mortgage loans.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.16 no.4 s.44
• /
• pp.431-441
• /
• 1992

This research was designed to evaluate the effect of need and of demographic variables of adult women on the conformity and individuality in the selection of clothes. 1. There are factors which have effect on variables of need. Marriage status, household type, age have effect on safety need, household type and age have effect on belongingness and love need. Household type and native community have effect on self-esteem need, household type, native community, school career, frequency of contact with mass media have effect on need for self-actualizing. Native community have effect on aesthetic need, and school careers have effect on the desires to know and to understand. 2. Self-esteem need, belongingness and love need, safety need, need for self-actualizing, aesthetic need, frequency of contact with mass media and income as demographic variables are directly related with conformity of clothing. Age, marriage status, native community, household type, school career are indirectly related with conformity of clothing. 3. Self-esteem need, need for self-actualizing, aestheitic need, desires to know and to understand, belongingness and love need, frequency of contact with mass media, household type have direct effect on the individuality of clothing. And age, household type, native community, school career have indirect effect on the individuality of clothing.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.89-96
• /
• 2008

This study measured the thermal environment and residents' control behaviors of cooing according to 3 groups of household type-families with preschool children, families of middle age and families of senior. The object of this study are to fmd the difference of the actual condition of indoor thermal environment and cooling control behavior by age or household type and to develop user oriented climate control system. The results were summarized as follows. When the age of members at household is younger, the indoor mean temperature and temperature that people turned off the air conditioner became lower. These different indoor thermal environment of each group means that younger generation is familiar with cooler from their early age and these early uses of cooler made them prefer cooler condition than family of senior. Therefore, this results show that different indoor thermal environment is influenced by factors such as household type and metabolism difference and so on.