• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.38-42
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• 2008

316L stainless steel welding tube was electrolytically polished and the inner surface characteristics of the tube were tested. Electro-polishing variables such as current, voltage, concentration of electrolyte and electropolishing time were changed to seek for optimum condition. These makes a optimum conditions for the electro-polishing as 4000 A, 9 V, 1.7 specific gravity of electrolyte, and 30 minute of electro-polishing time. It makes the surface roughness as Ra < $0.25{\mu}m$. XPS test resulted as the ratio of CrO/FeO equals or more to 3/1. AES test resulted as the thickness of CrO film of $38{\AA}$. DTA test resulted as the tube did not react with $N_2,\;H_2\;and\;O_2$ gas below 1073K. As summarize above results, the electro- polished 316L stainless steel welding tube satisfied the conditions to apply as a pipeline for semi- conductor production facility and clean room.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.317-322
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• 2014

Bursting during tube hydroforming is preceded by localized necking. The retardation of the initiation of necking is a means to enhance hydroformability. Since high strain gradients occur at the necking sites, a decrease in local strain gradients is an effective way to retard the initiation of necking. In the current study, the expansion at potential necking sites was intentionally restricted in order to reduce the strain gradient at potential necking sites. From the strain distribution obtained from FEM, it is possible to determine strain concentrated zones, which are the potential necking sites. Prior to the hydroforming of a trailing arm, an incompressible material(such as lead) is attached to the tube where the strain-concentrated zone would contact the die. Due to the incompressibility of lead, the tube expansion is locally restricted, and the resultant strain extends to adjacent regions of the tube during hydroforming. After the first stage of hydroforming, the lead is removed from the tube, and the hydroforming continues to the final targeted shape without any local restriction. This method was successfully used to fabricate a complex shaped automotive trailing arm that had previously failed during traditional hydroforming fabrication.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.164-170
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• 2014

To predict the deformation and fracture during tube expansion using the finite element (FE) method, a material model is considered that incorporates the damage evolution due to the deformation. In the current study, a Rice-Tracey model was used as the damage model with inclusion of the hydrostatic stress term. Since OFHC Cu is not significantly affected by strain rate, a Hollomon flow stress model was used. The material parameters in each model were obtained by using an optimization method. The objective function was defined as the difference between the experimental measurements and FE simulation results. The parameters were determined by minimizing the objective function. To verify the validity of the FE modeling, cross-verification was conducted through a tube expansion test. The simulation results show reasonable agreement with the experiments. The design for a minimum diameter of expansion tube using the FE modeling was verified by a simplified tube expansion test and simulation results.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.431-445
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• 2021

This paper presents experiments and theoretical analysis on shear behavior of eight concrete-encased square concrete-filled steel tube (CECFST) specimens and three traditional reinforced concrete (RC) specimens. A total of 11 specimens with the test parameters including the shear span-to-depth ratio, steel tube size and studs arrangement were tested to explore the shear performance of CECFST specimens. The failure mode, shear capacity and displacement ductility were thoroughly evaluated. The test results indicated that all the test specimens failed in shear, and the CECFST specimens enhanced by the interior CFST core exhibited higher shear capacity and better ductility performance than that of the RC specimens. When the other parameters were the same, the larger steel tube size, the smaller shear span-to-depth ratio and the existence of studs could lead to the more satisfactory shear behavior. Then, based on the compatible truss-arch model, a set of formulas were developed to analytically predict the shear strength of the CECFST members by considering the compatibility of deformation between the truss part, arch part and the steel tube. Compared with the calculated results based on several current design specifications, the proposed formulas could get more accurate prediction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.124-125
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• 1997

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.66-70
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• 2003

Transient magnetic diffusion process in a melt-cast Bi2Sr2CaCu20X(Bi-2212) tube was studied by experimental and numerical analyses. The transient diffusion partial differential equation is transformed into an ordinary differential equation by integral method. The penetration depth of magnetic field into a superconducting tube is obtained by solving the differential equation numerically. The results show that the penetration depth as a function of time which is somewhat different from the results by Bean's critical state model. The reason of the difference between the present results and that of Bean's model is discussed and compared in this paper. This experiment measure the magnetic flux density in the supercondutor after supply direct-current of Bi-2212 rounded by copper coil. This study was discussed of valid of a previous numerical solution which is compared by the penetrate time and the magnetic flux density difference of between the present results and the numerical solution.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.07e
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• pp.162-165
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• 2003

A resonant type voltage source and power device and a control method using Pulse Density Modulation(PDM) power control and Pulse Width Modulation(PWM)voltage control for plasma sterilization are described. For the stability of discharge in the generating tube, it is desirable that the peak apply voltage is constant. The PDM power control is employed for sustaining the voltage constant at any generating tube input power. Moreover, to avoid the influence of input AC voltage fluctuation etc., PWM voltage control with generating tube peak voltage feedback is used. Both functions were confirmed by the experiment with inverter and generating tube. The effect of input synchronous PDM method for input current stabilizing is confirmed also.

• 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
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• v.10
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• pp.211-215
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• 2000

Bi-2212 HTS tube was fabricated by CFP(Centrifugal Forming Process). Slury was prepared in the mixing ratio of 8:2 between powder and binder and ball-milled for 24 hrs. Slurry was initially charged into the rotating mold with 300${\sim}$450 rpm and heated at the temperature ranges of 840${\sim}$860$^{\circ}$C for partial melting to finally obtain a uniformly textured tube shape. It was observed the plate-like grains with more than 20 ${\mu}$m were well oriented along the rotating axis and the measured T$_c$ was around 67K. In this paper we will discuss and analyze the tube characteristics depending on many different processing parameters such as, powder composition, binder mixing ratio between powder and binder, motor speed, heating temperature and etc.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.139-142
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• 2002

A resonant type voltage source and power device and a control method using Pulse Density Modulation(PDM) power control and Pulse Width Modulation(PWM) voltage control for Ozone Generator are described. For the stability of discharge in the generating tube, it is desirable that the peak apply voltage is constant. The PDM power control is employed for sustaining the voltage constant at any generating tube input power. Moreover, to avoid the influence of input AC voltage fluctuation etc., PWM voltage control with generating tube peak voltage feedback is used. Both functions were confirmed by the experiment with 6.5[kHz], 1.8[kW] inverter and generating tube. The effect of input synchronous PDM method for input current stabilizing is confirmed also.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 2015

Medical catheter tubes are disposable devices that are inserted into the body cavities such as the pleura, trachea, esophagus, stomach, urinary bladder, ureter, or blood vessels for surgical procedures. Each hole of the inner tube is called a lumen, which is used as a passage for drug injections, waste discharge, polypus removal, blood transport, or injection of a camera or sensor. The catheter tube is manufactured by extrusion. The flow in the inner extrusion die affects the thickness and diameter of the tube. In the current study computer simulation of flow in an extrusion die for catheter tubing was performed. Velocity, pressure, shear rate, and shear stress were investigated and the die design was examined.