• Information Systems Review
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.23-43
• /
• 2021

Due to the recent transition to a non-face-to-face society, many organizations are quickly adapting to foster a smart work environment. The introduction of smart work does not simply end with incorporating ICT systems or solutions into business models since fundamental factors such as forms of employment and work styles need to be in line with the progression of technological advances. However, previous studies regarding smart work focus on improvements in productivity and efficiency from a technology acceptance perspective. Therefore, there is a lack of discussion on innovation resistance from employees and management control when ICT systems are introduced into the workplace. This study empirically analyzes the moderating effects of the organizational control method for employees and innovation resistance within a smart work environment. Additionally, this study aims to identify the structural characteristics that employees resist from an innovation resistance perspective when organizational innovation occurs. The empirical analysis of this study suggests that when smart work such as ICT technology is introduced into the workplace the level of innovation resistance decreases when there is a high level of relative advantage and self-efficacy, whereas the level of innovation resistance increases when there is a high level of use complexity. Moreover, this study revealed that the level of innovation resistance increases when the employees' behaviors were controlled. The results of this study intend to contribute to improving business management by suggesting factors worth considering when incorporating smart work into work places through a thorough case analysis.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.395-408
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze Korean Women's U.S. Ph.D. Degree-seeking Process and career development in the field of science and engineering in the United States. We conducted the analysis on the basis of SED (Survey of Earned Doctorates) data of the National Science Foundation. Since 2001, the number of Korean Ph.D. degree recipients from United States universities has been increasing and about 25% of them were women. Their median age was 33.3 years old, and one third of them were the recipients of research and teaching assistantships while pursuing a Ph.D. degree. At the time of receiving the degree, 51.8% reported having definite commitments for employment or postdoctoral study or research. Over 70% of the degree holders were presumed to stay and work in the United States. The study finally addressed policy implications regarding their recruitment to Korea and a need for a longitudinal survey.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.57 no.3
• /
• pp.195-207
• /
• 2024

This study selected major drought events that occurred in the Jeonnam region from 1991 to 2023, examining both meteorological and hydrological drought occurrence mechanisms. The daily drought index was calculated using rainfall and dam storage as input data, and the drought propagation characteristics from meteorological drought to hydrological drought were analyzed. The characteristics of the 2022-23 drought, which recently occurred in the Jeonnam region and caused serious damage, were evaluated. Compared to historical droughts, the duration of the hydrological drought for 2022-2023 lasted 334 days, the second longest after 2017-2018, the drought severity was evaluated as the most severe at -1.76. As a result of a linked analysis of SPI (StandQardized Precipitation Index), and SRSI (Standardized Reservoir Storage Index), it is possible to suggest a proactive utilization for SPI(6) to respond to hydrological drought. Furthermore, by confirming the similarity between SRSI and SPI(12) in long-term drought monitoring, the applicability of SPI(12) to hydrological drought monitoring in ungauged basins was also confirmed. Through this study, it was confirmed that the long-term dryness that occurs during the summer rainy season can transition into a serious level of hydrological drought. Therefore, for preemptive drought response, it is necessary to use real-time monitoring results of various drought indices and understand the propagation phenomenon from meteorological-agricultural-hydrological drought to secure a sufficient drought response period.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.113-133
• /
• 2024

Variable renewable energy (VRE) such as solar and wind power is the main sources of achieving carbon net zero, but it undermines the stability of power supply due to high variability and uncertainty. Energy storage system (ESS) can not only reduce the curtailment of VRE by load shifting but also contribute to stable power system operation by providing ancillary services. This study analyzes how the allocation of ESS resources between load shifting and ancillary service can contribute to maximizing the efficiency of power supply in a situation where the problems caused by VRE are becoming more and more serious. A stochastic power system optimization model that can realistically simulate the variability and uncertainty of VRE was applied. The analysis time point was set to 2023 and 2036, and the optimal resource allocation strategy and benefits of ESS by varying VRE penetration levels were analyzed. The analysis results can be largely summarized into the following three. First, ESS provides excellent functions for both load shifting and ancillary service, and it was confirmed that the higher the reserve price, the more limited the load shifting and focused on providing reserve. Second, the curtailment of VRE can be a effective substitute for the required reserve, and the higher the reserve price level, the higher the curtailment of VRE and the lower the required amount of reserve. Third, if a reasonable reserve offer price reflecting the opportunity cost is applied, ESS can secure economic feasibility in the near future, and the higher the proportion of VRE, the greater the economic feasibility of ESS. This study suggests that cost-effective low-carbon transition in the power system is possible when the price signal is correctly designed so that power supply resources can be efficiently utilized.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.267-298
• /
• 2024

Childcare support for working mothers is crucial for women's smooth transition into society, career development, and well-being. Based on interviews with 10 Korean working mothers with children aged 0-2, this paper explores the process of utilizing childcare support services, psychological experiences, and plans for work-life balance using the grounded theory analysis method. The analysis revealed three categories: the decision-making process before using the childcare services (past), experiences during the use of childcare support (present), and future plans for work-life balance (future). The decision-making process before using childcare support services consisted of the following categories: seeking information about childcare support services, having family discussions during the decision-making process, the proposer and decision-maker of the services, and the final decision on childcare support services. Experiences during the use of services included economic burdens, changes in postnatal career paths, disparities between expectations and the reality of pre- and post-childbirth, discrepancies between expectations and reality in work-family balance, factors affecting of quality of life, and the division of household and childcare responsibilities with husbands. Plans for future work-life balance included categories such as the desire for career advancement, the desire to maintain a career, the desire for temporary or reduced career commitment, and uncertainty regarding future career plans. Finally, the study investigated whether there were differences in the past and present service usage processes and experiences based on plans for future work-life balance. This research suggests the need for multidimensional support for working mothers' work-family balance and well-being, and highlights the need to reduce uncertainty about women's future careers.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.19-37
• /
• 2012

This study aims to give a broad overview of family-related contents in home economics from the 1st national curriculum to the 2007 revised national curriculum, thereby contributing to value fulfillment, textbook research, and educational development of home economics. The findings are summed up as follows: First, this study looks at the change of family-related goals and contents in home economics tutorials by national curriculum. Family-related goals shift a focus from a member of nation to individual pursuit of happiness, and the scope of family-related contents expands from a part of family (i.e. understanding of children) to every aspect of family life. Second, family-related contents record a higher share in home economics textbooks at the later stage of national curriculum. Third, this study classifies the change of family-related contents in home economics textbooks by national curriculum into seven categories: understanding of human development, process of human development, parenting and parental roles, understanding of family and family transition, marriage and family development, family relationship and issues, and family well-being. In particular, 'understanding of human development' underscores fundamental principles between the 3rd~6th national curriculum, 'process of human development' broadens its initial focuses on infancy and the preschool period to every scope of human development after the 5th national curriculum. 'Parenting and parental role' continues to stress parental roles and duties plus childcare for infants and preschoolers. In 'understanding of family and family transition,' national curriculums show the biggest difference in family perspectives subject to social change, and later national curriculums feature various family types recently on the rise. In 'marriage and family development,' initial national curriculums construe marriage as a necessity, whereas later national curriculums emphasize it as a matter of choice intertwined with mature love and responsibility. With coming under spotlight in recent national curriculum, 'family relationship and issues' highlights communication and family views based on gender equality for family unity. 'Family well-being' constitutes a pivotal part in the 2007 revised national curriculum, and it has recently emerged as the hottest issue in the family area as it presents lifelong welfare.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.144-155
• /
• 1997

In December 1990, Occupational Safety and Health Law was amended to reinforce employer's responsibilities on employees' health and safety. Among the amended law it was important to expand the role of an occupational health nurse to the role of an occupational health manager. An occupational health manager should take charge of coordinating periodic health examination and environmental hazard evaluation, providing primary care, monitoring employees' health status, giving the workplace walk-through, selecting safe protection equipment, providing health information, counseling and health education, independently. This position of occupational health nurse is equivalent to the role of doctors or occupational hygienists. In 1991, government made a master plan to prevent occupational disease and injury. Under the plan, Korea Industrial Nursing Association (KINA) was established in 1994 with the purpose of improving health services and upgrading career opportunities for members. Therefore, this study was designed to analyze the transition of occupational health nursing education with the changes of law and policy in Korea between 1991 and 1996. In details, it was to analyze the rate of school providing occupational health nursing practice based lecture, lecture hours, lecture contents in undergraduate curriculum, program contents of graduate school, kinds of continuing education, etc. For this purpose, we conducted survey two times. In February 1991, baseline study was conducted with all nursing programs in Korea (19 BSN programs and 43 nursing departments of junior college). From April to May in 1996, the second survey was conducted with all nursing programs (38 BSN programs and 69 junior colleges). The first response rate was 66.1% and the second was 40.6%. Structured questionnaires were mailed to the deans or the community health nursing faculties. In the case of graduate school, telephone survey was conducted with 10 school of public health or environmental health area. Data from the yearbook of Industrial Safety Training Institute (ISTI), the history of Korea Industrial Health Association, and the journals of KINA were also included in the analysis. As the results, we found that there were remarkable improvement in undergraduate and graduate programs, obligatory as well as voluntary continuing education in terms of occupational health nursing expertise between 1991 and 1996. 1) The number of school providing occupational health nursing practice-based lecture was increased with the rate from 7.3% to 25.6%. The rate of school giving over 15 class-hours was increased from 33.3% to 46.6%. 2) Content areas were composed of introduction of occupational health, occupational epidemiology, industrial hygiene, occupational disease and injury, law and policy, health education, concept of occupational health nursing, role of occupational health nurse, occupational health nursing process, etc. Of content areas, occupational health nursing process was more emphasized with the increased rate from 43.9% to 88.4%. 3) In the case of graduate school, occupational health programs were increased from 4 to 10. One of them has developed occupational health nursing program as an independent course since 1991. 4) The law increased educational hours from 28 hours to 36 hours for introductory course at the time of appointment, and from 14 hours to 24 hours every 2 years for continuing education. Course contents were Occupational safety and health law, introduction of occupational health, health education methodology, planning and evaluation, periodic health exam, occupational disease care, primary care, emergency care, management, industrial environment evaluation, etc. In 1996, Korea Industrial Nursing Association has begun to provide continuing education after Industrial Safety Training Institute. 5) Various educational programs in voluntary base were developed such as monthly seminar, CE articles, annual academic symposium, etc. It was shown that changes of law and policy led rapid growth of occupational health nursing education in various levels. From this trend, it is expected that occupational health nurse expertise be continuously to be enhanced in Korea. Legal and political supports should proceed for the development of occupational health nursing in early stage.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.55-64
• /
• 2013

The generation of staurolite from the mixed-phase muscovite and the metamorphic environment of shales in the Baekunsa formation, Hongsan, Buyeo, were studied using electron probe micro analysis (EPMA). The average chemical composition of mica-type mineral is $(K_{1.11}Na_{0.26}Ca_{0.04})(Al_{3.93}Fe_{0.21}Mg_{0.07})(Si_{6.08}Al_{1.92})O_{20}(OH)_4$, and shows a characteristics of the so-called illite with a low content of interlayer cations and Fe, Mg in octahedral sites. The mica-type mineral shows a typical chemical composition of the mixed-phase among muscovite, pyrophyllite, and chlorite (mixed-phase muscovite, $Mu_{70.5}Py_{23.5}Ch_{6.0}$). The staurolite, in general, occurs with the mixed-phase muscovites, pyrophyllites, and aluminosilicates in the rock. We consider that staurolite can be formed by a reaction involving pyrophyllite such as pyrophyllite+chloritoid. The chloritoid is formed by a reaction between pyrophyllite and chlorite and is supposed to be used up in the process of staurolite formation. As a result, the mixed-phase muscovite, formed during the transition of illite to muscovite, plays an important role for the generation of the staurolite. Considering that the reaction occurs at the temperature higher than $300^{\circ}C$ and pyrophyllites transform into aluminosilicates at $350^{\circ}C$, the shale in the Baekunsa formation can be considered to have been experienced a metamorphic temperature between $300{\sim}350^{\circ}C$.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.7
• /
• pp.2659-2664
• /
• 2015

Background: To examine the expression of cysteine-rich 61 (Cyr61/CCN1) protein in laryngeal squamouscell carcinoma (LSCC) tissues, and its relationship with the tumor epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, metastasis, and prognosis. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of Cyr61, Vimentin (Vim), and E-cadherin (E-cad) in 88 cases of LSCC tissues and 30 cases of tumor-adjacent normal tissues. Vim and E-cad were used as mesenchymal and epithelial markers, respectively, to determine the relationship between Cyr61 expression and the EMT of LSCC cells. In addition, clinical and histopathological data were combined to analyze the relationship between the positive-expression rates of Cyr61, Vim and E-cad and LSCC invasion, metastasis and prognosis. Results: In LSCC tissues, Vim expression rate was significantly higher than that of the tumor-adjacent tissues, whereas E-cad expression rate was significantly lower than that of the tumor-adjacent tissues. The Vim expression rate was significantly higher in stages T3 and T4 than in stages T1 and T2 LSCC tissues, whereas E-cad expression rate was significantly lower in stages T3 and T4 than in stages T1 and T2 LSCC tissues. Compared to the group without lymph node metastasis, the Vim expression rate was significantly higher and the E-cad expression rate was significantly lower in the group with lymph node metastasis. The expression rate of Cyr61 was significantly higher in LSCC tissues than in the tumor-adjacent normal tissues. In addition, the Cyr61 expression rate was higher in stages T3 and T4 than in stages T1 and T2 LSCC, and higher in the group with lymph node metastasis than in the group without lymph node metastasis. The Vim expression rate was significantly higher in the Cyr61 positive group than in the Cyr61 negative group, whereas the E-cad expression rate was significantly higher in the Cyr61 negative group than in the Cyr61 positive group. Survival analysis indicated that survival rates of Cyr61 positive, Vim positive and E-cad negative groups were significantly lower than that of Cyr61 negative, Vim negative and E-cad positive groups, respectively. Conclusions: Cyr61 expression is closely associated with LSCC invasion and lymph node metastasis. Overexpression of Cyr61 may induce EMT and therefore leads to LSCC invasion and metastasis and poor prognosis. Cyr61 may become a new maker for clinical prediction of LSCC invasion and metastasis and a new target for LSCC treatment.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.57 no.3
• /
• pp.73-103
• /
• 2005

This study takes of youth panel data(2002-2003), there is the purpose to know to youth employed's labor mobility conditions of employment status conversion and examine on factors affecting conversion of employment status. Main analysis result and policy imply, is as following. First, although youth employed's non-standard employment shows some decrease, employment youth hierarchy was construed that youth of our country is consisting very changefully because appear great turnover that is converted by unemployment or Not economically activity population same period. Specially, non-standard employment phenomenon of woman or low in scholarship person appeared notedly, and because phenomenon that is converted by unemployment or Not economically activity population is expose that is deepened, discriminating policy of government dimension is required for employment stabilization of these class. Second, show result that danger to escape to non-standard job risk trap which seeking employment activity of youth class is arranged case or company which is formed by official path is suitable becomes low, must formulate path of employment about youth class and improve qualitative level of employment through suitable job placement education of youth class or function (technology) level. Third, when was construed, but take into account that the although large enterprise have low risk in non-standard job, recently employment of youth class consists very limited, rather small scale business or smaller enterprise's competitive power preferably need to be plan. Finally, danger to non-standard job youth employed's company form is government connection wonder was expose that high, Such result can do that it is difficult by limited research period, but reflect actuality that youth unemployment policy of our country is enforced laying stress on public labor or unregular job employment such as internship system. Therefore, current youth unemployment policy may have to change by employment policy that can secure stable work record by youth class or act as bridge-building that promote conversion by full-time job.