• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.10 no.2 s.23
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• pp.35-42
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• 2004

This study aimed at establishing the multi-ranged approach on data acquisition technique for rural landscape planning, which tried categorization, grading and transferring of landscape elements in the more detailed level. For the systematic management of database for the topographic informations in the village level, a kind of the aerial photographing techniques with UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) was used and its resultant data for the landscape simulation of the rural village, which in turn helped the convenient approach to understanding of its comprehensive spatial structure. The image data from aerial photography was systematically processed through; First, after revision of the distorted one, the image map was adjusted with the topographical and cadastral maps. Second, the farm houses and buildings, and other facilities difficult to find out in the topographical map was digitally read from the adjusted image. The topographical landscape view of rural village was simulated on the base of DEM(Digital Elevation Model) and the 3-dimensional shapes of farm houses and buildings were automatically modelled using the input system developed by the author. In conclusion, the aerial image information adjusted with the edited maps could give more intuitive and detailed villagescape than the ordinary one and through landscape simulation of the rural village, its topography, features of houses/buildings and spatial distribution of land uses were effectively reproduced. And, by the linkage between field survey and photographed/simulated results of the typical landscape elements using hyper-link method, it would be expected to develop as an effective visualization technique of rural landscape.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.721-734
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• 2001

This paper proposed automated methods for the detection of breast mass. We analysed characteristic of the mass by using the features on mammograms. The homogeneity was used to distinguish mass and abnormal homogeneous tissue from the Cooper's ligament and multiple threshold method was used to deal with the high density candidates. By using the 8-connectivity, the first step candidates were selected. We generated the dualistic images of each candidate in which we regard the gray value as topographic height information. From these candidates, the second candidates were selected by comparing the circularity and the distribution rates. The final detection was done with the method in which we generated the template of each candidate and compared each other. From these methods, we grade the order from the candidate. We applied the algorithm to the 136 mammograms and compared to the radiologist's outlines of the leisions. The detection resulted that the sensitivity of the proposed methods was 93.38% and 97.63% FP(False positive) which we can segmented mass in the first grade in the 124 cases.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2010

Photovoltaic system is the core one among the new and renewable energy of the low Carbon and green growth. Recently, the necessity developing PV is emerging since its of less green hose gas emissions. However, a survey or research on the PV system has been hardly performed. It's not easy to find a appropriate location in consideration of environment. These circumstances encourages a systematic approach for the PV system development. The purpose of this study is to propose a methodology of the location analysis for developing PV system. With this, constraint and location criteria with weights of Analytic Hierarchy Process are established and quantification method of each factor is presented. The location analysis of PV system using the GIS were generalized and the results of analysis for redundant topographic features were presented as 3 criteria of the suitability rank.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.19-27
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• 2012

RUSLE(Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) has been widely used to estimate the soil loss amount of watersheds from rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, topographic features and cropping management condition. Rainfall erosivity is the most dominant and sensitive factor among these so that the determination of reliable rainfall erosivity is essential to estimate the soil loss of watershed. Since there has been no criterion to determine the rainfall erosivity in Korea, the empirical values, determined from the relation between the annual average rainfall and erosivity or suggested by TBR(Transport Research Board), have been used for designing the erosion control structure and controlling the soil erosion for watersheds. In this study, the procedure for estimating the rainfall erosivity using frequency analysis is proposed. The most fitted distribution function, with calculated rainfall erosivities with various frequencies and durations, has been also selected. The suggested procedure can be used to estimate the optimal value of rainfall erosivity for RUSLE in order to design soil erosion structures and control the soil erosion in watersheds effectively.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.498-504
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• 2014

PURPOSE. Dental implant has gained clinical success over last decade with the major drawback related to osseointegration as properties of metal (Titanium) are different from human bone. Currently implant procedures include endosseous type of dental implants with nanoscale surface characteristics. The objective of this review article is to summarize the role of nanotopography on titanium dental implant surfaces in order to improve osseointegration and various techniques that can generate nanoscale topographic features to titanium implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A systematic electronic search of English language peer reviewed dental literature was performed for articles published between December 1987 to January 2012. Search was conducted in Medline, PubMed and Google scholar supplemented by hand searching of selected journals. 101 articles were assigned to full text analysis. Articles were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criterion. All articles were screened according to inclusion standard. 39 articles were included in the analysis. RESULTS. Out of 39 studies, seven studies demonstrated that bone implant contact increases with increase in surface roughness. Five studies showed comparative evaluation of techniques producing microtopography and nanotopography. Eight studies concluded that osteoblasts preferably adhere to nano structure as compared to smooth surface. Six studies illustrated that nanotopography modify implant surface and their properties. Thirteen studies described techniques to produce nano roughness. CONCLUSION. Modification of dental osseous implants at nanoscale level produced by various techniques can alter biological responses that may improve osseointegration and dental implant procedures.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.19-27
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• 2009

In this study, Urban Climate Simulation was performed by 3-Dimensional Urban Canopy Model. The characteristics of urban climate were analyzed combining artificial land coverage, building size, heat production from the air conditioning and topographic conditions as physical variables which affects urban climate characteristics. The results are as follows. (1) The aspects of the urban climatal change is derived to be related to the combination of the building coverage ratio, building height and shading area. According to the building height, the highest temperature was increased by $2.1^{\circ}C$ from 2-story to 5-story building and the absolute humidity by 2.1g/kg maximum and the wind velocity by 1.0m/s was decreased from 2-story to 20-story building. (2) Whole heat generation was influenced by the convective sensible heat at the lower building height and by the artificial heat generation at the higher one over 20-story building influence to some extent of the building coverage ratio. The effect of the altitude is not more considerable than the other variables as below $1^{\circ}C$ of the air temperature. In the last, deriving the combination of building coverage and building height is needed to obtain effectiveness of the urban built environment planning at the point of the urban climate. These simulation results need to be constructed as DB which shows urban quantitative thermal characters by the urban physical structure. These can be quantitative base for suggesting combinations of the building and urban planning features at the point of the desirable urban thermal environment as well as analyzing urban climate phenomenon.

• Atmosphere
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.585-597
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• 2019

This study evaluates the performance of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in simulating temperature over the COordinated Regional climate Downscaling EXperiment-East Asia (CORDEX-EA) Phase 2 domain for the reference period (1981~2005), and assesses the changes in temperature and its extremes in the mid-21st century (2026~2050) under global warming based on Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios. MPI-ESM-LR forced by two RCP scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5) is used as initial and lateral boundary conditions. Overall, WRF can capture the observed features of temperature distribution reflecting local topographic characteristic, despite some disagreement between the observed and simulated patterns. Basically, WRF shows a systematic cold bias in daily mean, minimum and maximum temperature over the entire domain. According to the future projections, summer and winter mean temperatures over East Asia will significantly increase in the mid-21st century. The mean temperature rise is expected to be greater in winter than in summer. In accordance with these results, summer (winter) is projected to begin earlier (later) in the future compared to the historical period. Furthermore, a rise in extreme temperatures shows a tendency to be greater in the future. The averages of daily minimum and maximum temperatures above 90 percentiles are likely to be intensified in the high-latitude, while hot days and hot nights tend to be more frequent in the low-latitude in the mid-21st century. Especially, East Asia would be suffered from strong increases in nocturnal temperature under future global warming.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.35 no.4 s.129
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• pp.345-358
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• 2002

The flow apportioning algorithms with digital elevation models have been developed to reflect reasonable flow divergence properties but they showed several defects related to the connectivity of channel cells, various divergence features along to local topography and channel cells' size etc. Topographic data used by existing flow apportioning algorithms are flow accumulation area and local slope. However, the size and location of channel cells which play the dominant role in the flow pathway were not properly considered. Therefore, a new flow apportioning algorithm considering various flow divergence characteristics in the complicate terrain is proposed. The GA optimization scheme is used to represent the location and scale of the channel pixel. Improved result can be obtained by using both a new flow apportioning algorithm and optimization.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.20 no.3 s.70
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• pp.67-76
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• 2006

Three-dimensional information of submarine topography was acquired by assembling DGPS and Echo Sounder, which is mainly used in the marine survey. However, the features of submarine topography, derived according to mechanical data, were confirmed using human eyes. Because the dredging capacity using a submarine surveying data influences harbor public affairs, analysis and the process method of surveying data is a very special element in construction costs. In this study, information on submarine topography is acquired by assembling DGPS and Echo Sounder. Moreover, the dredging capacity in harbor public affairs has been analyzed by the interpolation method: inverse distance to a power, kriging, minimum curvature, nearest neighbor, and radial basis function. Also, utilization of DGPS and Echo Sounder method in calculation of the dredging capacity have been confirmed by comparing and analyzing the dredging capacity and the actual one, as per each interpolation. According to this comparison result, in the case of applying Radial basis function interpolation and Kriging, 3.94 % and 4.61 % of error rates have been shown, respectively. In the case of the study for application of the proper interpolation, as per characteristics of submarine topography, is preceded in calculation of the dredging capacity relevant to harbor public affairs, it is expected that more speedy and correct calculation for the dredging capacity can be made.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.511-538
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• 2004

The aim of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of place-names in old map of Andong-Bu mapped in Chosun Dynasty. A place-name is a linguistic expression whose function is to identify a topographic feature. The place-names in old map of Andong-Bu normally involve physical, administrative, military, economic, transport, and cultural features. The cultural place-names are more meaningful in Andong-Bu which was a center of confucianism in Chosun Dynasty. The generic place-names, including cultural place-names such as school, pavilion, temple, etc., served as indicators to identify regional characteristics of Andong in the past and present. A study on the place-names, using old maps, is regarded as advisable attempt in regional approach in geography.