• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.23 no.4 s.61
• /
• pp.209-214
• /
• 1984

Since 1980, burley tobacco plants grown mainly in the western hat of the Korea. have shown two new types of disease symptom. Both symptoms were found to be caused by two different PVY strains : the vein banding type by a PVY strain designated as PVY-VB and necrosis on leaf veins by a PVY strain designated as PVY-VN, Identification of the PVY strains was based on host range test. aphid( Myzus Persicae) transmission test, physical properties, serology, and observation of virus particle morphology. The virus particles were measured to be about 730 nm without any difference in shape or dimensions between the two strains. Both strains also gave a positive reaction to the PVY antiserum in SDS-agar gel double diffusion test. These strains, however, gave a negative reaction to the tobacco etch virus and tobacco vein mottling virus antisera.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.9-14
• /
• 2006

As an alternative method to produce low cost reagents for immunodiagnosis and protect the plants from viral disease, a gene encoding a single chain variable fragment(scFv) recombinant antibody targeted to the coat protein of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was expressed in Nacotiana tabacum. The source of the scFv recombinant antibody gene was from spleen tissue of an immunized mouse. The gene was initially cloned into the pCANTAB5E phagemid and expressed in E. coli. In the following study, the antibody gene was subcloned into the plant expression vector, pCAMBIA-1301 and introduced into tobacco leaf tissue via Agrobacterium tumefacients mediated transformation. After transformation, 56 out of 58 plants were shown to carry the desired anti-CMV scFv gene by PCR analysis. Overall, only 12.5% of the 56 putative transgenic plants were found to express the antibody to a detectable level.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.26-33
• /
• 2002

Adolescents exposed chronically to tobaccotobacco smoke have been found to have reduced pulmonary function as well as an increased risk of lung cancer and a serious heart disease. Consequently, reducing exposure to tobacco smoke is an important public health goal. This study was conducted to develope the exact evaluation method of student smoker or heavy exposure from ETS, and the change on smoking behavior and attitude after a stop-smoking program. From the study, we concluded that the cotinine concentrations in saliva from students indicate exactly whether they are smoker or not. Also, it was found that the more and exact informations from both the cotinine analysis and the questionnaire were obtained than from only the questionnaires. The non-smokers had more positive effects on the changes of cog-nitions, behaviors and attitude about passive-smoking after a stop-smoking program than the smokers. The results of this study show that through both the accurate determination of cotinine in saliva and the questionnaires, the smoking status and the tobacco education effectiveness can be predicted.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.53 no.2
• /
• pp.121-128
• /
• 2010

In recent years, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has become an important worldwide public health issue. Children are particularly vulnerable to ETS because they are still developing. ETS exposure causes a wide range of adverse health effects on childhood asthma. There is convincing evidence that ETS exposure is causally associated with an increased prevalence of asthma, increased severity of asthma and worsening asthma control in children who already have the disease, even though a causal relationship with asthma onset is not yet established for asthma incidence. Mechanisms underlying these adverse effects of ETS are not clearly elucidated but e studies on this issue suggest that genetic susceptibility, impaired lung function, and augmented airway inflammation and remodeling may be involved. Children with asthma are just as likely to be exposed to ETS as children in general and there is no risk-free level of exposure. Therefore, providing a smoke-free environment may be of particular importance to the asthmatic children exposed to ETS who have adverse asthma outcomes, as well as to children with genetic susceptibility who are at increased risk of developing asthma upon exposure to ETS in early childhood.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.637-642
• /
• 2020

Fusarium wilt in tobacco caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. nicotianae is a disease-management challenge worldwide, as there are few effective and environmentally benign chemical agents for its control. This challenge results in substantial losses in both the quality and yield of tobacco products. Based on an in vitro analysis of the effects of different phenylpropanoid intermediates, we found that the early intermediates trans-cinnamic acid and para-coumaric acid effectively inhibit the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum f. sp. nicotianae strain FW316F, whereas the downstream intermediates quercetin and caffeic acid exhibit no fungicidal properties. Therefore, our in vitro screen suggests that trans-cinnamic acid and para-coumaric acid are promising chemical agents and natural lead compounds for the suppression of F. oxysporum f. sp. nicotianae growth.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.977-980
• /
• 2013

Background: Endometrial cancer is common in western women, and the rates are very high; however in India, the rates are as low as 4.3 per 100,000 (Delhi). Objective: To estimate the survival of endometrial cancer patients based on age, education, family history, tobacco habit, number of pregnancies, clinical extent of disease and treatment received. Materials and Methods: The present retrospective study was carried out at the Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), Mumbai, India, between 1999-2002. 310 cases treated in TMH were considered as eligible entrants for the study. Five-year survival rates were estimated using actuarial and loss-adjusted (LAR) methods. Results: The proportions of patients dying above 50 years of age, non-residents and illiterates was higher than their counterparts. 54.8% of patients had some form of treatment before attending TMH. There were only 4.2% tobacco-chewers and only 6.1% had a family history of cancer. There were 25.8% who had 3-5 pregnancies (not living children) and 38.1% did not remember the pregnancy history. The 5-year overall survival rate was 92%. The five-year rates indicated better prognosis for those aged less than 50 years (97%), non-tobacco-chewers (94%), with no family history of cancer (93%), with localized disease (93%) and those treated with surgery either alone or as a combination treatment (95%). Conclusions: The present study showed that endometrial cancer patients with localized disease at diagnosis have a good outcome in India. A detailed study will help in understanding the prognostic indicators for survival especially with the newer treatment technologies now available.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.328-336
• /
• 2008

Out of various fungi and bacteria tested for inhibition of Tobacco mosaic virus(TMV) infection using Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc, a bacterial isolate JB-l, identified as Pseudomonas putida had a strong direct inhibitory activity against the TMV infection. Its systemic or indirect activity was also noted at more than a half level of the direct control efficacy. Disease severity was reduced significantly in the susceptible tobacco N. tabacum cv. NC 82 by the treatment of the bacterial culture filtrate, somewhat more by the pretreatment than by simultaneous treatment, probably by inhibiting the TMV transmission and translocation in the plants, showing negative serological, which responses in the viral detection by DAS-ELISA. TMV-inhibitory substances from P. putida JB-1 were water-soluble, stable to high temperature(even boiling), and to a wide range of pH. As proteinase K nullified their antiviral activity, the TMV inhibition activity of P. putida may be derived from proteinaceous materials. In electron microscopy, TMV particles treated with the JB-1 culture were shown to be shrunken with granule-like particles attached on them. All of these aspects suggest that P. putida JB-1 may be developed as a potential agent for the control of TMV.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 2000

This study was conducted to identify useful germ plasm sources of resistance to black shank, Phytophthora. parasitica, in Nicotiana tabacum and to characterize the interaction between host plant resistance to black shank and pathogen variability. The six internationally represen-tative set of black shank resistant and susceptible tobacco genotypes and four Korean lines were tested for black shank on the field infested with P. parasitica at Chonju Experiment Station, Korea Ginseng & Tobacco Research Institute during the 1992～1997 growing season. Almost 100% of the plants of the most susceptible genotype, Ky 14, did not survive. Complete survival of (MS Ky 14 x L8)F$_1$, which is resistant to reee 0 and ausceptible to reace 1, suggests that Race 0 is the only race of the P. parasitica in this bield. Coker 371 Gold and Beinhart 1000-1 having excellent resistance to black shank could be recommended as the parental cultivars for improving black shank resistance in Korea. Data of the diseased plants showed that KB 101 and KB 110 were medium high resistant and KB 103 and KB 108 being low resistant to black shank.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.23 no.2 s.59
• /
• pp.96-101
• /
• 1984

This experiment was carried out to investigate control efficacy by cultural practice and fumigation of tacterial wilt caused by Pseudomonas solancearum in resistant tobacco line NC82 at the Korea Ginseng and Tobacco Research Institute, Eumseong Experiment Station in 1982 and 1983. The bacterial wilt of tobacco occurred severely from mid-July to last August in applicable temperature and soil humidity for increasing bacteria. Disease severity appeared low and slowly at fumigation and resistant variety treatment. Incidence of bacterial wilt in tobacco line NC82 was $44.7\~55.8\%$ being compared with susceptible variety, NC2326 and $95\~99\%$ when resistant variety, NC32 was cultivated with soil fumigation treatment. Control efficacy of cultural practices appeared low with $0.8\~20\%$ and was not different from resistant variety and fumigation treatment. Control system against bacterial wilt in flue-cured tobacco was accomplished by control efficacy over $95\%$ when resistant variety(NC82) was cultured after treatment of cultural practices (Tillering after harvest and before transplanting, stalk and root destruction, early transplanting early removal of the mulching film) and soil fumigation(Cylon).

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.207-214
• /
• 2002

Tobacco rattle virus(TRV) was detected from Gladiolus hybridus, Crocus spp. and Narcissus spp. leaves show-ing notched or stripe on the leaf and malformation symptoms collected from Daegu and Kyungbuk province by electron microscopy (EM), immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM) and host range study. Direct negative staining method by EM showed rigid rod long particles 170~200$\times$22 nm and rigid rod short particles 40~114$\times$22 m. TRV-K isolated from G. hybridus propagated with Nicotiana tabacum. TRV coat protein(CP) gene was amplified using specific oligonucleotide primer by RT-PCR. Sequence analysis of amplified CP gene showed 99.5％ nucleotide similarity to TRV-ORY.