• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.823-830
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• 1995

Background: It has been found that Helper T cells in the peripheral blood are decreased in the cell mediated immunity in the pulmonary tuberculosis. But it has not been confirmed yet that only decrease in number of cells which has phenotype in the peripheral blood is defined to decrease in cell mediated immunity. The immunocytochemical study was performed to observe the change of the percentage of T-lymphocytes with their subsets and activated T cells in the peripheral blood of pulmonary tuberculosis and to know how many T cells would be activated, relative to resting cells in the peripheral blood. Methods: The peripheral blood obtained from twenty two patients and ten healthy controls were smeared on the gelatin coated slide glass prepared for of mononuclear cells. The double bridge technique of alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase(APAAP) method was used. As the primary antibodies, $T_1$(anti-human T cell), $T_4$(anti-human helper/inducer T cells) and $T_8$(anti-human supressor/cytotoxic T cell) antibodies and interleukin-2 receptor (for early activated T cell), very late activation antigen (for activated cytotoxic T cell), T cell lineage specific activation antigen monoclonal actibodies were used. Results: 1) There were significantly decrease in the absolute number of $T_4$(+) cells but significantly increase of $T_8$(+) cells in the peripheral blood of pulmonary tuberculosis (p<0.05). 2) The percentage of $T_4$(+) cells showed significantly decrease in pulmonary tuberculosis but $T_8$(+)cells significantly increase(p<0.05). $T_4(+)/T_8(+)$ ratio showed significantly decrease in the peripheral blood of the pulmonary tuberculosis(p<0.05). 3) There were significantly increase in the absolute number of variable stages of activated T cells in the peripheral blood of the pulmonary tuberculosis(p<0.05). 4) The percentage of IL-2R, VLA-1, TLiSA were 6.45+1.56%, $7.64+1.34^*$, 10.45+1.16% in order which showed significantly increase in the peripheral blood of the pulmonary tuberculosis(p<0.05). Conclusion: We speculate that only a few percentage of T lymphocyte is activated in cell mediated immunity in pulmonary tuberculosis.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.4336-4345
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• 2014

This study examined the fitness of a path model for the relationship among the perceived health status, pain, sleep pattern, and quality of life in the elderly. The data was collected by questionnaires to 276 elderly in J city. The collected data was analyzed using PASW 18.0(win) and AMOS 18.0(win) program. The model fit indices for the hypothetical model were in good agreement with the recommended levels ($x^2$/DF=1.393, p=.077, GFI=.971, TLI=.983, CFI=.989, RMSEA=.038). Based on the constructed model, the quality of life was influenced directly by the perceived health status, pain and sleep pattern, indirectly by the perceived health status and pain. Pain was influenced directly by the perceived health status, and sleep pattern was influenced directly by pain. These results highlight the need for the development of intervention strategies for the promotion of perceived health status in the elderly to improve the quality of life.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.281-297
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural relationships between gifted preschool children and their related variables(creativity, motivation, family system). 230 preschool children, parents and teachers from U-city have participated in this study. the collected data were analyzed with SPSS and AMOS. The goodness of fit was evaluated using the SRMR, RMSEA, CFI, and TLI. The results of this study were as follows: First, family system(adaptability, cohesion) were found to have a statistically significant direct impact on gifted preschool children. Second, creativity were found to have a significant direct effects on gifted preschool children. moreover they also had an indirect effect on gifted preschool children through family system. Third, motivation were found to have a statistically significant direct impact on gifted preschool children.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.127-138
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to develop sports ethics consciousness scale for preventing fixing game, based on foreign data but considering the actual conditions of Korea. Respondents were elite sports athletes from D-city. This study was conducted on 304 elite sports athletes from middle, high school and college students selected by purposeful sampling, for three months from May to July 2018. In the date analysis stage, the descriptive statistic analysis was performed for understanding the item characteristic and the internal consistency coefficient(α), the exploratory factor analysis and the confirmatory factor analysis were perforned for analysing the credibility, the validity. There were five sub-factors of sports ethics consciousness scale, consisting of ethics of autonomy, ethics of collectivism, ethics of common good, ethics of dignity, and ethics of productivity, which were identified through 23 questions. It was proved that the scale have enough suitability (χ2=420.151, df=220, p=.000, GFI=.996, NFI=.979, TLI=.960, CFI=.978, RMSEA=.055).

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.95-102
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• 2023

This study was to identify the factors affecting nurses' use intention of digital healthcare and the moderating effect of clinical career based on the UTAUT model. The items were composed by performance expectancy 3 items, facilitation condition 3tiems, and perceived risk 3 items. CFA was performed to verify the construct validity. As a results, average variance extracted (AVE) was .5 or higher, and construct reliability (CR) was .7 or higher. Model fit was confirmed as CMIN/df=1.797, GFI=.955, CFI=.979, TLI=.968, IFI=.979, and RMSEA=.063. The internal reliability was .93 for performance expectancy, .84 for facilitating conditions, and .64 for perceived risk. Performance expectancy, facilitating condition, and perceived risk had a significant effect on use intention, and clinical career showed a moderating effect(t=-2.159, p=.032). Therefore, in order to enhance the use intention of digital health care, performance expectancy, and facilitating conditions should be raised and perceived risk should be reduced.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.265-272
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to compare oral hygiene status between young adult group and older adult group and to suggest a pathway model of oral health level in self-assessed. Subjects were totally 80 people with young adult group and the older adult group. The data, which was collected by surveying for one month from July 1, 2010 to July 30, was analyzed with SPSS VERSION 19.0 and AMOS 19.0. Oral hygiene test and questionnaire survey were carried out from targeting. 1. The young adult group and older adult group had the same quality in oral health level score and living habit. 2. The oral hygiene status in young adult and older adult group was same in 7 items(58.33%) out of 12 items. 3. Oral health level score in self-assessed of young adult group could be explained with 34% by 3 variables. Older adult group could be explained with 26% by 2 variables. 4. In young adult, the fitness of path model was very good with 0.96 in CFI, 0.94 in TLI, and 0.00 in RMSEA. In older adults, the fitness of path model was very good with 1.00 in CFI, 1.15 in TLI, and 0.00 in RMSEA. This might imply if TMJ disorder level and number of infection is neglected in young aldults, mastication function will be significantly effected in older adults. Thus, development and management of health education program is needed based on self-assessment oral health level by young adults group and older adults group.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.109-128
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to verify the validity of KEDI Leadership Inventory (Simplified) for elementary and secondary school student. The existing Leadership Inventory is outdated by excessive or insufficient items. To verify reliability and validity of this KEDI Leadership Inventory (Simplified), we analyze internal consistency of scale for reliability and construct validity, convergent and discriminative validity. criterion-related validity. The internal consistency of the scale is relatively high from .610 to .838 for elementary school student, and from .734 to .936 for secondary school student To verify construct validity, we analyze a confirmatory factor analysis using AMOS whether revealed that the structural equation model including 5 construct validity in KEDI Leadership Inventory(Simplified) showed fit index at a satisfactory level as follows. The major fit indexes are showed as follows; CFI (.954), TLI (.943), RMSEA (.068) in the scale for elementary school student, CFI (.935), TLI (.915), RMSEA (.070) in the scale for secondary school student. Futhermore, to secure criterion-related validity, this KEDI Leadership Inventory(Simplified) showed significant correlations with student's leader position in their classroom for r=.358 (p<.01), and gifted education students are significantly higher .50 than no gifted student. This KEDI Leadership Inventory (Sim'plified) is made up of parsimonious 20 items, so that teachers can be convenient to identify intra-inter personal leadership characteristics of a student and recommend the student for gifted education institution.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.2349-2359
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to predict the factors which are related to the intention and behaviour for breast self-examination (BSE) of middle aged women using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). A survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted wih 217 middle aged women. BSE behaviour was assessed at 1-month follow-up. The overall fit of the structural model to the date was acceptable(${\chi}^2$=1246.6(p<.001), ${\chi}^2$/df=2.72, CFI=.831, TLI=.817, RMSEA=.089). The BSE behavior rate within one month was 56.2%. The TPB explained 43.9% of the variance in BSE intentions and 10.9% of the variance in BSE behavior. The subjective norm(${\beta}$=.364, p<.001) and the perceived behavioral control(${\beta}$=.553, p<.001) both positively influenced the behavioral intention, and the behavioral intention(${\beta}$=.768, p<.01) positively influenced the behavior. This study shows the model's applicability in explaining BSE behavior of middle aged women, and suggests that health intervention programs should focus on strengthening the intention for the promotion of BSE behavior.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2009

Infection control is now recognized as an important quality indicator in dental health service setting. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate Dental Hygienist's Infection Control Practice Scale for quality management of dental health service in Korea. The data of 254 dental hygienists was subjected to exploratory factor analysis using SPSS 16.0 and confirmatory factor analysis using AMOS 16.0. The total items of preliminary scale were 21 items and 5 subscale. Principal component analysis was completed with Varimax rotation. The results show a change in factor structure from 5 factor solution to 4 factor solution. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the four subscales(Immunization and periodic tests, Clinical procedure, Handwashing, Personal protection) which have a total of 12 items. After the item deleted because factor loading was low, measured model was tested. The results of the measurement model indicated fit indices: $x^2$= 79.593(df = 38, 0 = 0.000), RMR = 0.045, GFI = 0.940, CFI = 0.904, AGFI = 0.896, NFI = 0.837, TLI = 0.861, RMSEA = 0.67. The squared correlation between four constructs were less than the average variance extracted(AVE) of four constructs. Multiple regression analysis was completed. Dependent variable was the perceived infection control practice by dental hygienist. Independent variables were four summated subscales(R = 0.552, $R^2$= 0.304, Adjusted $R^2$= 0.431, F = 25.813, p = 0.000). Unstandardized coefficients of three independent variables were statistically significant.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.171-186
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• 2009

Various Earth-Moon transfer trajectories are designed and analyzed to prepare the future Korea's Lunar missions. Minimum fuel trajectory solutions are obtained for the departure year of 2017, 2020, 2022, and every required mission phases are analyzed from Earth departure to the final lunar mission orbit. N-body equations of motion are formulated which include the gravitational effect of the Sun, Earth and Moon. In addition, accelerations due to geopotential harmonics, Lunar J2 and solar radiation pressures are considered. Impulsive high thrust is assumed as the main thrusting method of spacecraft with launcher capability of KSLV-2 which is planned to be developed. For the method of injecting a spacecraft into a trans Lunar trajectory, both direct shooting from circular parking orbit and shooting from the multiple elliptical intermediate orbits are adapted, and their design results are compared and analyzed. In addition, spacecraft's visibility from Deajeon ground station are constrained to see how they affect the magnitude of TLI(Trans Lunar Injection) maneuver. The results presented in this paper includes launch opportunities, required optimal maneuver characteristics for each mission phase as well as the trajectory characteristics and numerous related parameters. It is confirmed that the final mass of Korean lunar explorer strongly depends onto the initial parking orbit's altitude and launcher's capability, rather than mission start time.