• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.35-47
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• 2003

The dimensional stability of tissue conditioners characterizes the ability of the materials to yield accurate functional impressions of oral mucosa. This study evaluated the viscoelastic property and the linear dimensional changes with the factor of time and thickness of tissue conditioners ($COE-COMFORT^{TM}$, Visco-gel. $COE-SOFT^{TM}$, Soft-Liner). The thickness of these materials were changed (1.5mm, 3.0mm) and the percentage changes in dimension were measured at 1h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 3day, 7day after specimen preparation. From the results large differences appear between the various tissue conditioners. The results suggest that the period recommended for forming functional impression would be 2-3days after insertion in the mouth. in addition. it is important to select tissue conditioners suitable for functional impression because of the wide range of dimensional stability among the materials.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.453-466
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• 1995

The use of tissue conditioners has come into favor for preprosthetic treatment and the treatment of Denture stomatitis, but the major problem in the use of the tissue conditioner is the growth of C.albicans. To compare the growth of C.albicans according to the type and the wearing period of the tissue conditioner, three commercial tissue conditioners were relined to intraoral plates which were delivered to 14 smoking, 12 nonsmoking healthy men. Cultures were made from the conditioner surface at 2, 7, 14, 21 days after after intraoral placement. The frequency of positive culture and colony counts of C.albicans were measured by imprint culture technique. The following results were achieved : 1. The frequency of positive cluture had increased significantly for all materials used. 2. The frequency of positive culture had incresed significantly around 2,14 days for day for COE-Comfort, SR-Ivoseal. 3. There were no significant difference in the colony counts of C.albicans among the mate rials used. 4. There were an over-all increase with the wearing period of tissue conditioners and significant increase around 2, 7, 14 days for COE-Comfort, and 2, 14 days for SR-Ivoseal, viscogel in colony counts. 5. Smoking had no effect on the growth of C.albicans. That is, there were no difference among the materials used in the growth of C.albicans. In the clinical application of tissue conditioners, we should avoid a long term use of it, but in inevitable cases, special disinfection procedures should be considered.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제17권9호통권124호
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• pp.695-700
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• 1979

An experimental study was performed to study the tissue reactions to tissue conditioners in rabbits. Thirty rabbits were divided into three groups, 10, Hydro-cast group, 10, Coe-comfort group, and 10, heat-cured resin group. Tissue conditioners and heat-cured resin were embedded in the oral mucosa of rabbits. The tissue specimens were removed on 3rd, 7th, 14h, 21st and 28th day after embedding and examined under microscope after staining them with H-E stain, Van Gieson's stain, Masson's trichrome stain and PAS reaction. The results were as follows : 1. Tissue reactions to tissue conditioners were somewhat different from each other in the early stage, but, with the increase of the embedding period, the fibrous capsule was thickened in both. These tissue reactions were similar to those to heat-cured resin. 2. Newly formd fibrous components were stained deep-red with Van Gieson's stain and dark-green with Masson's trichrome stain. But their stainability was decreased as collagenous fibers became matured. 3. Newly formed fibrous components showed intense PAS reactivity, but PAS reactivity was reduced as the connective tissue capsule became completed.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.268-280
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• 1994

Tissue conditioners have been used for treatment of denture stomatitis caused by wearing of dentures. Early studies pointed out Candide albicans (C. albicans) as main etiologic factor, and antifugal agents were added for control of the species. But there is a little information about broad comparison on the effect of tissue conditioners and antifungal agents added. The purpose of the present study was to compare the inhibiting effect of four tissue conditioners and one temporary soft liner on the growth of C. albicans for treatment of denture stomatitis using gel diffusion method by measuring diameter of the zone of growth inhibition. Three antifungal agents were added to each material for evaluation of the effect of added agents. Finally, observation was made to evaluate the effect of the loss of antifungal elements by aging of the specimen. The results of this study were obtained as follows : 1. Tempo had remarkable antifungal effect showing the zone of growth inhibition as 2.35 mm at 1st day, and was most effective on End: 4th and 7th day from incubation (p<0.05). But Coecomfort, Dura conditioner, Visco-gel, Coe-soft had little antifungal effect from the 1st day of incubation. 2. Nystatin was most effective showing 9.60-12.04 mm of zone of inhibition at the 1st day from incubation. The antifungal properties were reduced to amphotericin B, chlorhexidine and materials without agent (p<0.05), and the effect was diminished by time. 3. As pretreatment with amphotericin B, nystatin, chlorhexidine, Tempo was very effective at the 1st day from incubation showing zone of inhibition as 3.65, 12.04, 4.78 mm with addition of each agent. Dura conditioner had strongest antifungal effect at the next day as 2.86, 5.33, 1.29 mm of zone of inhibition, and yielding results of Coe-comfort, Tempo, Coe-soft was shown at 4th and 7th day from incubation (p<0.05). Taken all together, tissue conditioners have little antifungal effect except Tempo. Formation of the zone of growth inhibition was due to agents amphotericin B, nystatin, chlorhexidine and nystatin was most effective. Conclusively, it is advisable to select material which is effective on the growth of C. albican and consider addition of antifungal agents for treatment of denture stomatitis.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.3794-3801
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• 2010

이 연구는 임상적으로 많이 쓰이는 3종의 조직양화제(Coe-comfort, GC Soft-Liner, Visco-Gel)의 시간에 따른 체적 안정성을 비교하였다. 시편은 10mm의 반경으로 두께를 1.5mm, 3.0mm로 각각 제작하여 두께에 따른 차이를 비교하였다. 체적의 변화는 시편 제작 후 1시간 (baseline), 12시간, 24시간, 36시간, 3일, 7일에 측정하였다. SAS 6.04 통계 package program을 이용하여 ANOVA분석하였다. 실험한 조직양화제에서는 점탄성을 상실하여 조직양화제를 교체하거나 기공 과정을 하기에 적합한 시간은 변형이 적은 혼합 후 36시간~3일이었다. Tissue conditioner의 종류에 따라 시간의 경과에 따른 탄성 변화량에는 유의할 만한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 조직양화제 1.5mm, 3.0mm 두께에 의해 체적안정성에 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 자체의 이상적인 탄성 변형과 복원력만을 비교 하였을 때를 보면, Visco-Gel 3.0mm군에서 가장 안정적인 체적안정성을 보였다. 또한, 조직 양화제는 재료 간의 체적 안정성에 다양한 범위가 있어 기능인상에 적합한 것을 선택을 하는 것이 중요하다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.293-300
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antifungal effect of several kinds of denture lining materials containing nystatin and silver-zeolite on Candida albicans. Three commercially available tissue conditioners (Soft-Liner, Coe-Comfort, Coe-Soft) and two direct denture relining materials (Tokuso Rebase, Durabase) were selected. In terms of the zone of inhibition and some basic physical properties, I could find the following results ; 1. Nystatin or silver-zeolite included in those relining materials had definite antifungal activities against the Candida albicans. 2. As times went on, both of the antifungal agents's activities decreased gradually. 3. Antifungal agents did not affect the relining materials' basic physical properties. 4 Direct chairside relining materials showed unfavorable dark discoloration with response to silver-zeolite.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.108-118
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• 2009

연구목적: 1961년 Chase에 의해 처음 소개된 기능 인상법(functional impression technique)은 기존 의치에 이장된 조직 양화재(tissue conditioner)를 이용하여 실제 기능 운동 하에서 동적인 지지 조직의 인상과 기능적이며 생리적인 의치 변연부의 형태와 길이를 기록하는 술식이다. 조직 양화재가 기능 인상법의 재료로 사용되기 위해서는 체적 안정성, 미세부 재현성, 흐름성 등의 특성과 함께 치과용 석고와의 적합성(compatibility)을 고려하여야 한다. 하지만 기능 인상법 재료로 조직 양화재를 사용할 경우 구강내 환경 속에서 시간이 지남에 따라 석고 표면 거칠기에는 어떠한 영향을 미칠지 또한 그에 따라 석고 표면의 변화를 고려하여 어느 정도 기간 동안 구강 내에 유지하는 것이 좋을지에 대한 연구는 거의 없는 상황이다. 이에 본 연구는 조직 양화재를 기능 인상법의 재료로서 사용할 경우, 조직 양화재의 종류와 분액비, 침수시간이 치과용 석고 표면 거칠기에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 임상적으로 많이 쓰이는 3종의 조직 양화재(Coe-Comfort, Visco-Gel, Soft-Liner)로 제조사에서 추천하는 분액비(P/L ratio)를 기준으로 표준 분액비에 따라 혼합한 군(R), 분말의 양을 20% 많이 혼합한 군(M), 분말의 양을 20% 적게 혼합한 군(L)으로 나누어 조직 양화재를 혼합하여 직경 20 mm, 두께 2 mm의 시편을 제작하였다. 각 조직 양화재 시편들을 다시 인공 타액 속의 침수시간(0시간, 1일, 3일, 5일, 7일)에 따라 5개의 군으로 나눈 뒤 인공 타액에 완전히 담구어 $37^{\circ}C$에서 보관하였다. 정해진 침수시간이 경과한 시편을 꺼내서 초경석고를 부어 석고 시편을 제작한 뒤 조직 양화재와 접해있던 석고 시편 표면의 거칠기를 접촉식 표면 조도기(Surfcoder SEF-30D, Kosaka laboratory Ltd., Tokyo, Japan)로 측정하여 다음과 같은 연구 결과를 얻었다. 결과 및 결론: 1. 조직 양화재로 부터 만들어진 석고 모형의 표면 거칠기에 주된 영향을 미치는 요인은 기능 인상을 채득하기 위해 구강 내에 조직 양화재를 위치시키는 기간이었고, 그 외에 조직 양화재의 종류와 분액비도 통계학적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 요인이었다. 2. 3가지 P/L ratio 실험 조건 모두에서 Visco-Gel과 Soft-Liner 간에는 석고 모형의 표면 거칠기값이 침수시간이 변함에 따라 통계학적으로 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지 않았지만, Coe-Comfort의 경우에는 침수시간이 변함에 따라 Soft-Liner와 Visco-Gel보다 석고 모형의 표면 거칠기값이 통계학적으로 유의성 있게 더 큰 값을 보였다. 3. 3종의 실험 대상 조직 양화재 모두에서 R(recommended)와 M(more) group 간에는 석고 모형의 표면 거칠기값이 침수시간이 변함에 따라 통계학적으로 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지 않았지만, L(less) group의 경우에는 침수시간이 변함에 따라 R과 M group보다 석고 모형의 표면 거칠기값이 통계학적으로 유의성 있게 더 큰 값을 보였다. 이러한 연구 결과로부터 석고 모형의 표면 거칠기에는 구강 내에서의 시간이 가장 큰 영향을 나타내며, 조직 양화재의 종류와 분액비도 영향을 미칠 수 있기 때문에 술자가 기능 인상 채득 시에 적절한 구강 내 적용시간에 대해서 잘 이해하고 있고, 기능 인상에 적합한 조직 양화재를 선별할 수 있다면 조직 양화재를 이용하여 유용하게 기능 인상을 채득할 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.732-746
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• 2003

Statement of problem. Soft lining materials, also referred to as tissue conditioning materials, tissue heating materials, relining materials, soft liners or tissue conditioners, were first introduced to dentistry by a plastic manufacturer in 1959. Since the introduction of the materials to the dental field, their material properties have been continually improved through the effort of many researchers. Soft lining materials have become widely accepted, particularly by prosthodontists, because of their numerous clinical advantages and ease of manipulation. Unfortunately, few reports have been issued upon the topic of increasing the bond strength between the base metal alloy used in cast denture bases and PMMA soft liner modified with 4-META, nor upon the pattern of debonding and material change in wet environment like a intra oral situation. Purpose. The purposes of this study were comparing the bond strength between base metal alloy used for the cast denture bases and PMMA soft liner modified with 4-META, and describing the pattern of debonding and material property change in wet environment like the intraoral situation. Material and Methods. This study consisted of four experiments: 1. The in vitro measurement of shear bond strength of the adhesive soft liner. 2. The in vitro measurement of shear bond strength of the adhesive soft liner after 2 weeks of aging. 3. A comparison of debonding patterns. 4. An evaluation the Relation time of modified soft liner. The soft liner used in this study was commercially available as Coe-soft (GC America.IL.,USA), which is provided in forms of powder and liquid. This is a PMMA soft liner commonly used in dental clinics. The metal primer used in this study was 4-META containing primer packed in Meta fast denture base resin (Sun Medical Co., Osaka, Japan). The specimens were formed in a single lap joint desist which is useful for evaluating the apparent shear bond strength of adhesively bonded metal plate by tensile loading. Using the $20{\times}20mm$ transparent grid, percent area of adhesive soft liner remaining on the shear area was calculated to classify the debonding patterns. To evaluate the change of the initial flow of the modified adhesive soft liner, the gelation time was measured with an oscillating rheometer (Haake RS150W/ TC50, Haake Co., Germany). It was a stress control and parallel plate type with the diameter of 35mm. Conclusion. Within the conditions and limitations of this study, the following conclusions were drawn as follows. 1. There was significant increase of bond strength in the 5% 4-META, 10% 4-META containing groups and in the primer coated groups versus the control group(P<0.05). 2. After 2 weeks of aging, no significant increase in bond strength was found except for the group containing 10% 4-META (P<0.05). 3. The gelation times of the modified soft liner were 9.3 minutes for the 5% 4-META containing liner and 11.5 minutes for the 10% 4-META liner. 4. The debonding patterns of the 4-META containing group after 2 weeks of aging were similar to those of immediaely after preparation, but the debonding pattern of the primer group showed more adhesive failure after 2 weeks of aging.