• Explosives and Blasting
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2013

In blasting demolition, a method would be chosen among many depends on shape and system of a structure and its surround. To demolish using explosives a structure, which is asymmetric and with high aspect ratio, pre-weakening, explosive locations, detonating delay, and surround conditions are needed to be considered in front to design blasting demolition plan. In this study, to over turn asymmetric and high aspect ratio structure in safe, a simulation using a software named Extreme Loadings for Structures, ELS, had performed. In results, it is achieved optimized pre-weakening shapes and locations, which prevent kick back motion of the structure when it collapse, by analyzing moment distribution caused by pre-weakening. And of structural collapse and by minimizing asymmetric structure's torsional moment. Also, after the demolition, simulation results are also compared with actual collapse behavior. In results, it is confirmed the accuracy of collapse behaviour simulation results, and in blasting demolition, kick back motion can be controled by adjusting pre-weakening shape and location, and the torsional moment of an asymmetric structure also can be solved by optimizing detonation locations and its time intervals.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.85-94
• /
• 2011

QoS(Quality of Service) is defined as "The collective effect of service performance which determines the degree of satisfaction of a user of the service" by ITU-T Rec. E.800. While the use of VoIP(Voice Over Internet Protocol) has been widely implemented, persistent problems with QoS are a very important sue which needs to be solved. This research is finding the assignment of VoIP QoS to deduct how to manage the control system and presenting the QoS control process and framework under NGN(Next Generation Network) environment. The trial framework is the modeling of the QoS measurement metrics, instrument, equipment, method of measurement, the series of cycle & the methodology about analysis of the result of measurement. This research underlines that the vulnerability of the VoIP protocol in relation to its QoS can be guaranteed when the product quality and management are controlled and measured systematically. Especially it's very important time to maintain the research about VoIP QoS measurement and control because the big conversion of new network technology paradigm is now spreading. In addition, when the proposed method is applied, it can reduce an overall delay and can contribute to improved service quality, in relation to signal, voice processing, filtering more effectively.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.89-101
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the needs of educators, learners and parents in elementary schools for implementing a systematic nutrition education program by nutrition teachers to begin in 2006. The subjects were 833 dietitians, 808 principals, 3,141 teachers, 7,577 students and 6,003 parents in elementary schools. A fairly large proportion of the principals (98.4%), teachers (95.5%), parents (96.6%) and students (62.8%) responded that nutrition education is urgently needed. Every dietitian, principal and teacher has recognized that for the enforcement of a nutrition program in the future, the placement of one nutrition teacher in every school is needed without a moment's delay. Many subjects responded that elementary low grades are the most proper time for nutrition education for students and it is also needed to extend this not only to students, but also parents and teachers who have a direct influence on them. In the education hour, they responded that it is proper one hour a month for teachers and one hour a week for students. Fifty-six percent of dietitians, 58.3% of principals and 67.0% of teachers responded that the best educational way to heighten the effect of nutrition education was education through discretional activities. It was found that 46.4% of students have wanted nutrition education to be enforced during special activities. Education through their school homepage or in-school broadcasting system, while it has been most utilized, was low in a degree of preference with 10.9%. In regards to a nutrition program, principals and parents have attached much importance to the dining etiquette, dietary attitudes, and relations of foodstuffs with health, while dietitians and teachers have made much of a balanced eating habit, and the relations of dietary life with health. Finally, for a nutrition program to be enforced towards a direction that the educators and students want, it is judged that first of all the role of nutrition teachers is the most important, furthermore the support of manpower and the budget should be made.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.105-117
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the needs of educators, learners and parents in elementary schools for implementing a systematic nutrition education program by nutrition teachers to begin in 2006. The subjects were 833 dietitians, 808 principals, 3,141 teachers, 7,577 students and 6,003 parents in elementary schools. A fairly large proportion of the principals (98.4%), teachers (95.5%), parents (96.6%) and students (62.8%) responded that nutrition education is urgently needed. Every dietitian, principal and teacher has recognized that for the enforcement of a nutrition program in the future, the placement of one nutrition teacher in every school is needed without a moment's delay. Many subjects responded that elementary low grades are the most proper time for nutrition education for students and it is also needed to extend this not only to students, but also parents and teachers who have a direct influence on them. In the education hour, they responded that it is proper one hour a month for teachers and one hour a week for students. Fifty-six percent of dietitians, 58.3% of principals and 67.0% of teachers responded that the best educational way to heighten the effect of nutrition education was education through discretional activities. It was found that 46.4% of students have wanted nutrition education to be enforced during special activities. Education through their school homepage or in-school broadcasting system, while it has been most utilized, was low in a degree of preference with 10.9%. In regards to a nutrition program, principals and parents have attached much importance to the dining etiquette, dietary attitudes, and relations of foodstuffs with health, while dietitians and teachers have made much of a balanced eating habit, and the relations of dietary life with health. Finally, for a nutrition program to be enforced towards a direction that the educators and students want, it is judged that first of all the role of nutrition teachers is the most important, furthermore the support of manpower and the budget should be made.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.99-105
• /
• 2015

This paper deals with the mMMA (modified MMA) which possible to improving the convergence speed that employing the serial connecting form of two stage digital filter instead of signal filter of MMA adaptive equalizer without applying the variable step size for compensates the intersymbol interference by channel distortion in the nonconstant modulus signal. The adaptive equalizer can be implemented by signal digital filter using the finite order tap delay line. In this paper, the equalizer is implemented by the two stage serial form and the filter coefficient are updated by the error signal using the same algorithm of MMA in each stage. The fast convergence speed is determined in the first stage, and the residual isi left at the output of first stage output is minimized in the second stage filter. The same digital filter length was considered in single stage and two stage system and the performance of these systems were compared. The performance index includes the output signal constellation, the residual isi and maximum distortion, MSE that is measure of the convergence characteristics, the SER. As a result of computer simulation, mMMA that has a FIR structure of two stage, has more good performance in every performance index except the constellation diagram due to equalization noise and improves the convergence speed about 1.5~1.8 time than the present MMA that has a FIR structure of single stage.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.106-119
• /
• 2003

This study was executed to develop the model of the format of the day care center which supplies the total service on the health care in the day time and social program related with the work and to evaluate the processing courses which was adjusted for 3 years from March 1999 to December 2001 in order to improve the quality of life of the family who experience dementia, dementia prevention, and the old and the burden of daily activities. The processing courses of this business model were evaluated to the confirmation on the health condition, application of the nursing processes, and the precise medical examination, and 20 sorts of social programs. The methods used in this model were the simplified MMSE-K, Ability for ,Daily Life(ADL), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living(IADL), and nursing process, and so on. The execution effects of this model are as follows. 1. It can contribute to the delay in the dementia process of the old people who are related with the dementia and maintenance and improvement of the health by confirming the stopping of the process of the dementia as the objective estimation method while the dementia symptom is maintained as the current condition through the medical and social total services. 2. The reduction of the burden for the daily care of the subject people and their families for the old people who are concerned with the dementia helped to improve the quality of life of the subject people and their family by enabling them to have jobs. 3. It enabled them to positively cope with the demand for the health and nursing of the local residents related to the old people. 4. It enabled them to enhance the recognition for the socialization of the local social organization and residents for the old people. 5. It enabled them to reinforce the related system among the local social organizations, and develop and provide the various social programs which are proper for the old people.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.29-63
• /
• 2006

This paper studied and introduced the aviation law cases in applying the treaties of the Warsaw System to the liability of the international air carrier by categorizing four main sections. Firstly, this paper handled the cases regarding the defining an international flight, exclusivity of the treaties as international air carrie's liability Convention, determining treaty relationship between the countries which one country has ratified only the Hague Protocol, an amended version of the Warsaw Convention, while the other has ratified only the original, unamended Warsaw Convention. Annotation assisted the case if it needed. Secondly, the cases relating to the issues of actual and contracting carrier, successive carrier, agents and servants of the carrier and others were studied. Thirdly, the issues relating to the accident in the course of any operations of embarking or disembarking of passengers, the occurrence during the transportation by air of baggage or goods and delay in the transportation by air of passengers, baggage or goods in addition to the cancellation of the flights were studied according to the applicable range. Fourthly, I studied the time issue with effective date of the treaties. Conclusively, it is not excessive to emphasize the importance of cases in Aviation Law like all other legal areas, therefore, a full-dress future reaserch of aviation cases is expected in here Korea with this paper as a foundation although it studied and introduced only a part of numerous aviation law cases.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.36-43
• /
• 2015

Objectives: Water-soluble carthami flos (WCF) is a new mixture of Carthami flos (CF) pharmacopuncture. We conducted a 4-week toxicity test of repeated intramuscular injections of WCF in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: Forty male and 40 female rats were divided into 4 groups of 10 male and 10 female SD rats: The control group received 0.5 mL/animal/day of normal saline whereas the three experimental groups received WCF at doses of 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mL/animal/day, respectively. For 4 weeks, the solutions were injected into the femoral muscle of the rats alternating from side to side. Clinical signs, body weights, and food consumption were observed; opthalmological examinations and urinalyses were performed. On day 29, blood samples were taken for hematological and clinical chemistry analyses. Then, necropsy was conducted in all animals to observe weights and external and histopathological changes in the bodily organs. All data were tested using a statistical analysis system (SAS). Results: No deaths were observed. Temporary irregular respiration was observed in male rats of the experimental group for the first 10 days. Body weights, food consumptions, opthalmological examinations, urinalyses, clinical chemistry analyses, organ weights and necropsy produced no findings with toxicological meaning. In the hematological analysis, delay of prothrombin time (PT) was observed in male rats of the 0.25- and the 0.5-mL/animal/day groups. In the histopathological test, a dose-dependent inflammatory cell infiltration into the fascia and panniculitis in perimuscular tissues was observed in all animals of the experimental groups. However, those symptoms were limited to local injection points. No toxicological meanings, except localized changes, were noted. Conclusion: WCF solution has no significant toxicological meaning, but does produce localized symptoms. No observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of WCF in male and female rats is expected for doses over 0.5 mL/animal/day.

• Polymer(Korea)
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.363-369
• /
• 2011

To study the effect of incorporation of a surface crosslinking layer on a crosslinked poly (sodium acrylate) (cPSA) absorbent with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate CEGDMA), we synthesized several surface crosslinked cPSAs with EGDMA by an inverse emulsion polymerization method to delay the absorption of excess water in concrete, Liquid paraffin was used as a continuous phase. cPSA was synthesized with acrylic acid (AA) neutralized with aqueous 8 M sodium hydroxide solution as a monomer, N,N-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as crosslinking agent and ammonium persulfate (APS) and sodium metabisulfite (SMBS) as a redox initiator system by inverse emulsion polymerization. FTIR spectroscopy was used to characterize $Ca^{2+}$ ion interaction with cPSA and cPSA-EGDMAs. The swelling ratios of synthesized absorbents were evaluated from the absorption in deionized water, cement saturated aqueous solution and aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide (pH 12). Equilibrium swelling times for cPSA and surface crosslinked cPSA with EGDMA were 2 and 3 hrs, respectively. We also observed an increase in setting time of the cement and an increase in the compressive strength of mortar by addition of the synthesized cPSA-EGDMA.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.111-120
• /
• 2018

Recently, Domestic public construction projects are experiencing a great deal of disputes because of the growing uncertainty about the criteria for calculating the prolongation cost. In addition, researchers have been studying various systems and proper cost estimates in an effort to reduce the uncertainty of these systems and the occurrence of disputes. However, there is no standard yet for social consensus. Meanwhile, The study on the classification system according to the recognition standard of accounting has been systematically studied. As a result, the concepts of accrual and cash basis are defined separately. The purpose of this study is to verify the possibility of applying the concept of 'accrual basis' to the Standard for calculation of prolongation cost. Therefore, As a result of analyzing the occurrence pattern of Job-site overhead cost, it is confirmed that actual costs can not be calculated by the cash-basis method. In particular, the implications of the necessity of the accrual-basis method should be more strictly indicated in the case of items such as indirect labor costs and welfare benefits. In addition, the contractor 's claim report and the appraisal report were examined. As a result, it was confirmed that the calculation situations of prolongation costs are biased to the cash-basis method. In this way, it is suggested that necessary to supplement the calculation standard of the actual costs from the point of view of accrual basis.