• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.52-59
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• 2021

Titanium alloy (Ti-alloy) is widely used as a material for core parts of aircraft structures and engines that require both lightweight and heat-resistant properties owing to their high specific stiffness. Most parts used in aircraft have I-, L-, and H-shaped thin-walled structures for weight reduction. It is difficult to machine thin-walled structures owing to vibrations and deformations during machining. In particular, cutting tool damage occurs in the corners of thin-walled structures owing to the rapid increase in cutting force and vibration, and machining quality deteriorates because of deep tool marks on machined surfaces. In this study, milling experiments were performed to derive an effective method for machining a L-shaped thin-walled structure with Ti-alloy (Ti-6Al-4V). Three types of machining experiment were performed. The surface quality, tool wear, cutting force, and vibration were analyzed comprehensively, and an effective machining method in terms of tool life and machining quality was derived.

• 한국레이저가공학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2015

A 3D printer based on laser powder deposition (LPD), also known as DED (direct energy deposition), has been developed for fabricating metal parts. The printer uses a ytterbium fiber laser (1070nm, 1kW) and is equipped with an Ar purge chamber, a three-dimensional translation stage and a powder feeding system composed of a powder chamber and delivery nozzles. To demonstrate the performance of the printer, a tapered cylinder of 320mm in height has been fabricated successfully using Ti-6Al-4V powders. The process parameters including the laser output power, the scan speed, and the powder feeding rate have been optimized. A 3D printed test specimen shows mechanical properties (yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation) exceeding the criteria to employed in a variety of Ti alloy applications.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.475-483
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• 2021

Additively manufactured titanium alloy is one of the promising materials in advanced medical industries. However, these additively manufactured alloys show corrosion properties different from those of conventional materials due to their unique microstructure. In this study, the effect of surface roughness and masking conditions on the results of the potentiodynamic polarization tests on additively manufactured or conventional Ti-6Al-4V alloys in artificial saliva solution with or without fluoride was investigated. The results showed that the corrosion potential was slightly lower with a flat cell with an O-ring than with masking tape. The corrosion rate was decreased with decreases in the surface roughness. Localized corrosion involving delamination of the surface layer occurred at 7 ~ 9 V (SSC) on the additively manufactured alloy in solution with or without fluoride when the samples were finished with 1000-grit SiC paper, whereas localized corrosion was not observed in the specimens finished with 1-㎛ alumina paste.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.70-77
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• 2000

In this paper, the effect of solution and age heat treatment to the corrosion behavior for the Ti-6Al-4V alloy were studied by cyclic polarization methods. Ti-6Al-4V was solution heat treated at $1,066^{\circ}C$ and $966^{\circ}C$ for 5 hours, and followed by age heat treated at $650^{\circ}C$, $600^{\circ}C$ and $550^{\circ}C$ with 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 hours under vacuum environment. Test solution was 3.5% NaCl with temperature $25^{\circ}C$. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Base metal was exhibited higher electrical charge than that of solution and aged material. With decrease of solution-treatment temperature from 1066 to $966^{\circ}C$, the electrical charge was increased due to softening of micro structure. 2. The corrosion resistance of specimen that solution treated at $966^{\circ}C$ for 5 hours and age heat treated at 650, 660 and $550^{\circ}C$ were increased with increase of aging time to 4, 8 and 16 hours respectively, and then decreased. 3. In case of 316L stainless steel, measured charge and corrosion potential was 0.0627 coulomb and -614 mV respectively. Corrosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V was higher than that of 316L.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.172-177
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• 2002

The steady-static creep behaviors of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, using the constant stress creep tester, were investigated over the temperature range of $510{\sim}550^{\circ}C$(0.42~0.44Tm) and the stress range of 200~275 MPa($20.41{\sim}28.06kg/mm^2$). The stress exponents(n) for the static creep deformation of this alloy were 9.85, 9.35, 9.24 and 8.85 at the temperature of 510, 525, 535 and $550^{\circ}C$, respectively. The stress exponent(n) decreased with increasing the temperature and became close to about 5. The apparent activation energies(Q) for the static creep deformation were 254.4, 241.8, 234.4 and 221.9 kJ/mole for the stress of 200, 225, 250 and 275MPa, respectively. The activation energy(Q) decreased with increasing the stress. From the above results, it can be concluded that the static creep deformation for Ti-6Al-4V alloy was controlled by the dislocation climb over the ranges of the experimental conditions. Larson-Miller Parameter(P) for the crept specimens of Ti-6Al-4V alloy under the static creep conditions was obtained as $P=(T+460)({\log}\;t_r+21)$. The failure plane observed by SEM showed up dimple phenomenon at all range.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.3-9
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• 2010

Titanium and its alloys were brazed in the range of $850-950^{\circ}C$ within 10 min. of brazing time using expensive infra red or other heating methods. However, brazing time needs to be extended to get temperature-uniformity for mass production by using continuous belt type furnace or high vacuum furnace with low heating rate. This study examined effects of holding temperature for 60 min, on microstructure and mechanical properties of titanium alloys. Mechanical properties of titanium alloys were drastically deteriorated with increasing holding temperature followed by grain growth. Maximum holding temperatures for CP (commercial pure) titanium and Ti-6Al-4V were confirmed as $800^{\circ}C$ and $850^{\circ}C$, respectively. Both titanium alloys were successfully brazed at $800^{\circ}C$ for 60 min. with the level of base metal strengths by using Zr based filler metal, $Zr_{54}Ti_{22}Ni_{16}Cu_8$.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2011

연구 목적: 높은 외력이 작용하는 부위의 임플란트 재료로서 사용되고 있는 Ti-6Al-7Nb 합금의 골유착을 개선하기 위한 방법의 하나로서 나노튜브 $TiO_2$ 층 생성하고 전석회화 처리한 다음 유사체액 중에서의 활성도를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 양극산화처리는 glycerol에 20 wt% $H_2O$와 1 wt% $NH_4F$를 혼합하여 준비한 전해질 수용액에 전압 20 V, 전류밀도 20 mA/$cm^2$의 조건에서 1시간동안 통전하였다. 전석회화처리는 $80^{\circ}C$의 $Na_2HPO_4$ 수용액에 30분 동안 침적하고, 이어서$100^{\circ}C$의 $Ca(OH)_2$ 포화 수용액에 30분 동안 침적하였으며, $500^{\circ}C$에서 2시간 동안 열처리하였다. 전석회화처리 후 표면층의 생체활성도를 조사하기 위해 $36.5^{\circ}C$, pH 7.4의 유사체액에 10일 동안 침적하였다. 결과: 1. 나노튜브 $TiO_2$ 층은 높은 자기정렬 형태를 갖고 큰 직경의 튜브들 사이 공간에 상대적으로 작은 직경의 튜브들이 생성되는 형태로 치밀한 구조를 이루었으며, 상부에서 하부로 갈수록 직경 감소를 보였다. 2.1 wt% $NH_4F$와 20 wt% $H_2O$를 함유하는 glycerol 전해액에서 20V의 전압을 인가하여 생성된 나노튜브들의 평균 길이는 $517.0{\pm}23.2\;nm$를 보였다. 3. 나노튜브 $TiO_2$ 층의 생체활성도는 $80^{\circ}C$의 0.5 M$Na_2HPO_4$ 수용액과 $100^{\circ}C$의 $Ca(OH)_2$ 포화 수용액에 침적하는 전석회화처리 군의 경우에 크게 개선되어, 아파타이트의 석출 과정에서 나타나는 치밀한 돌기상과 이들을 가로지르는 미세 균열상이 관찰되었다. 결론: Ti-6Al-7Nb 합금을 나노튜브 $TiO_2$ 층 생성 후 전석회화 처리한 결과 생체활성도가 개선되었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.685-692
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• 2004

A stochastic approach has been presented for superplastic deformation of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, and probability functions are used to model the heterogeneous phase distributions. The experimentally observed spatial correlation functions are developed, and microstructural evolutions together with superplastic deformation behavior have been investigated by means of the two-point and three-point probability functions. The results have shown that the probability varies approximately linearly with separation distance, and deformation enhanced probability changes during the process. The stress-strain behavior with the evolutions of probability function can be correctly predicted by the model. The finite element implementation using Monte Carlo simulation associated with reconstructed microstructures shows that better agreement with experimental data of failure strain on the test specimen.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.223-228
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• 2007

The profile ring rolling process of Ti-6Al-4V alloy was investigated by finite element(FE) simulation and experimental analysis. The process design of the profile ring rolling includes geometry design and optimization of process variables. The geometry design such as initial billet and blank sizes, and final rolled ring shape was carried out with the calculation method based on the uniform deformation concept between the wall thickness and ring height. FEM simulation was used to calculate the state variables such as strain, strain rate and temperature and to predict the formation of forming defects during ring rolling process. Finally, the mechanical properties of profiled Ti-6Al-4V alloy ring product were analyzed with the evolution of microstructures during the ring rolling process.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.609-616
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• 2002

The characteristics of mechanical behavior are investigated for Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Four kinds of the specimens are prepared under different heat treatments in order to produce different microstructures. In the present investigations, impact, tensile and fatigue crack growth tests are performed for each test specimen. The results obtained through the investigations are compared. Additionally fr actal dimensions of crack pass are obtained using the box counting method. The results are, 1) the microstructures shows as equiaxed, bimodal and Widmanstatten microstructures respectively, 2) the impact energy and elongation are superior fur the bimodal microstructure, and the hardness and tensile strength are superior fur the Widmanstatten microstructure, 3) the fatigue crack growth rate is similar to all microstructures in low ΔK region while that of equiaxed microstructure is the largest, and that of Widmanstatten microstructure is the lowest in high ΔK region respectively, 4) the fractal dimension D of Widmanstatten microstructure shows higher value than that of the equiaxed and bimodal microstructures under 200 magnification view of the SEM micrographs.