• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.507-520
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• 2011

전파 고도계는 비행체의 직하방으로 펄스를 발사하고 펄스의 왕복 도달 시간을 거리로 환산하여 고도를 탐지하는 시스템으로써, 이착륙하는 항공기가 지면에 충돌하는 것을 방지함은 물론, 위성에 탑재되어 전 지구 해수면의 고도를 수 mm의 정밀도로 관측하기도 한다. 그러나 전파 고도계는 넓은 swath 내의 모든 데이터를 취득하여 이의 평균치로 고도를 측정하기 때문에 해수면과 같이 편평한 지역에서는 정밀 고도 추출이 가능하지만, 지면과 같이 변화가 심한 지형에서의 고도 탐지가 어렵다는 한계가 있다. 이러한 한계를 개선하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 지표면의 고도뿐만 아니라 3차원 위치 좌표까지 효과적으로 추출할 수 있는 간섭계 레이더 고도계 (Interferometric Radar Altimeter, IRA) 신호처리 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 이 방법은 세 개의 센서를 이용한 레이더 간섭기법 (Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry, InSAR)을 통하여 비행체로부터 최근거리에 위치하고 있는 타겟의 3차원 지상 좌표를 정밀하게 추출하는 신호처리 기법이다. 본 연구에서는 제안된 신호처리 기법의 정밀도를 분석하기 위하여 약 3,500여 개의 포인트 타겟을 설정하고, RAW 데이터 시뮬레이션 및 70회의 정밀 좌표 추출 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 추출된 좌표와 포인트 타겟 간 오차의 평균과 표준편차, Root mean square errors (RMSEs)를 계산하였고, 이러한 결과로부터 IRA 처리 기법의 좌표 추출 정밀도를 분석하였다. 관측 결과 오차의 평균은 x, y, z 방향으로 각각 -0.40 m, -0.02 m, 4.22 m 이며, 오차의 표준편차는 3.40 m, 0.30 m, 4.60 m, RMSE는 각각 3.40 m, 0.30 m, 6.20 m 로 나타났다. y축 방향으로의 오차는 다른 방향에 비해 매우 작았으며, 이는 간섭기법의 정밀도가 높기 때문이다. 이러한 결과는 고도만을 파악할 수 있었던 기존 전파 고도계의 한계를 넘어 제안된 IRA 처리 기법으로 정밀하게 지표면의 3차원 위치를 추출할 수 있음을 지시한다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 2차원 포인팅 장치의 한계를 극복하기 위하여 3차원 공간에서 주위환경에 관계없이 위치를 인지하고 좌표를 얻어낼 수 있는 관성항법시스템을 이용한 3차원 포인팅 기기의 설계 및 구현방식을 제안한다. 관성항법시스템은 각속도계(gyroscope)와 가속도계(accelerometer)의 데이터를 바탕으로 좌표를 계산하는 기법으로, 가속도계에서 발생하는 오차는 칼만 필터를 이용하여 데이터를 보정한다. 3차원 포인팅 장치의 프로토 타입 개발을 위해 무선 3차원 공간인식 마우스를 설계 및 구현하였으며, 디스플레이 장치에 표시를 위하여 RFIC를 이용하여 측정한 좌표 데이터를 수신 모듈로 전송하고 수신 모듈은 USB 드라이버를 통하여 호스트로 전달하였다. 본 논문은 관성항법시스템과 칼만 필터의 이론적인 지식을 바탕으로 3차원 포인팅 장치를 설계하고 프로토 타입을 구현하고 성능 평가를 통하여 3차원 공간에서 사용자의 움직임을 추출할 수 있는 입력 기기로서의 유용성을 검증하였으며 향후 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅의 다양한 응용 장치로서의 가능성을 제시하였다.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.303-310
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• 2014

We study the existence of regular polygons and regular solids whose vertices have integer coordinates in the three dimensional space and study side lengths of such squares, cubes and tetrahedra. We show that except for equilateral triangles, squares and regular hexagons there is no regular polygon whose vertices have integer coordinates. By using this, we show that there is no regular icosahedron and no regular dodecahedron whose vertices have integer coordinates. We characterize side lengths of such squares and cubes. In addition to these results, we prove Ionascu's result [4, Theorem2.2] that every equilateral triangle of side length $\sqrt{2}m$ for a positive integer m whose vertices have integer coordinate can be a face of a regular tetrahedron with vertices having integer coordinates in a different way.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2006

The general objective of this study was to investigate biomechanical characteristics of bowling swing using three-dimensional cinematography. This study focused specifically on movements of the upper body segments during a bowling swing. Eight elite female bowling players participated in this study. Subjects performed bowling swing and their performance was sampled at 60 frame/sec using two high-speed video cameras with a synchronizer. After digitizing images from two cameras, the two-dimensional coordinates were used to produce three-dimensional coordinates of the 12 body segments (20 joint reference makers). The obtained three-dimensional coordinates were fed to a custom-written kinematic and kinetic analyses program (LabView 6.1, National Instrument, Austin, TX, USA). The analyses determined the linear and angular kinematic variables of the body segments with which joint force and torque of the lower and upper trunks and the shoulder were estimated based on the Newton-Euler equations. It was found that during the bowling swing the peak linear velocities of the body segments were reached in sequence the trunk, the shoulder, the elbow, the wrist, and the bowl. This result indicates that linear momentum of the lower body and the trunk transmits to the arm segment during the bowling swing. The joint torques of the torso and the arm occurred almost simultaneously, indicating that bowling swing seem to be a push-like motion, rather than a proximal-distal sequence motion in which many of throwing motions are categorized. The ultimate objective of the bowling swing is to release a heavy-weight bowl with power and consistency. Therefore, the bowling swing observed in this study well agrees with that bowlers use the stepping to increase the linear velocity of the bowl, the simple pendulum system and the push-like segmental motion in the torso and the arm segment to enhance the power at the release of the bowl.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.189-196
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• 1990

본 연구에서는 THOMPSON의 방법과는 달리 경계에서 부여된 metric scale fac- tor에 의해서 동적으로 제어되는 제어함수법과 경계에서 Neumann조건을 적용하여, 제 어함수와 비직교성의 문제를 해결하는 새로운 방법을 소개하고, 3차원 단연결영역(si- mply-conneted region)의 실제적이고 관심있는 영역, 즉, 축대칭 물체(axisymmetric body), 익형 물체(wing body), 확대 곡관(diffusing curved duct), 90도 곡관(90 deg. elbow turn)에 대하여 격자생성을 하였다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2005년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.963-966
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• 2005

Previous works related to texture coordinate coding of the three-dimensional(3-D) mesh models employed the same predictor as the geometry coder. However, discontinuities in the texture coordinates cause unreasonable prediction. Especially, discontinuities become more serious for the 3-D mesh model with a non-atlas texture image. In this paper, we propose a new coding scheme to remove discontinuities in the texture coordinates by reallocating texture segments according to a coding order. Experiment results show that the proposed coding scheme outperforms the MPEG-4 3DMC standard in terms of compression efficiency. The proposed scheme not only overcome the discontinuity problem by regenerating a texture image, but also improve coding efficiency of texture coordinate compression.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.152-155
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• 2005

A method of three-dimensional curved surface generation was studied for multi-point dieless forming (MPDF) in the shipbuilding industry. Three-dimensional coordinates of punch elements were obtained from objective surfaces using a proprietary CAD program. MPDF surfaces were generated by adjusting the height of punch elements in accordance with the coordinates. Some problems, such as collision of punch elements and contact between plates and punch bodies, were anticipated from the analysis of the results. A twisted surface was formed successfully by MPDF in a laboratory scale, which suggests possibility of application of the technology to the shipbuilding industry.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.11-16
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• 2002

The differential equations governing free vibrations of the elastic, horizontally curved beams with unsymmetric axis are derived in Cartesian coordinates rather than in polar coordinates, in which the effect of torsional inertia is included. Frequencies are computed numerically for the sinusoidal curved beams with both clamped ends and both hinged ends. Comparisons of natural frequencies between this study and SAP 2000 are made to validate theories and numerical methods developed herein. The convergent efficiency is highly improved under the newly derived differential equations in Cartesian coordinates. The lowest four natural frequency parameters are reported, with and without torsional inertia, as functions of three non-dimensional system parameters: the horizontal rise to chord length ratio, the span length to chord length ratio, and the slenderness ratio.

• 한국생물정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물정보시스템생물학회 2003년도 제2차 연례학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.268-274
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• 2003

Most currently known molecular structures were determined by X-ray crystallography or Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). These methods generate a large amount of structure data, even far small molecules, and consist mainly of three-dimensional atomic coordinates. These are useful for analyzing molecular structure, but structure elements at higher level are also needed for a complete understanding of structure, and especially for structure prediction. Computational approaches exist for identifying secondary structural elements in proteins from atomic coordinates. However, similar methods have not been developed for RNA due in part to the very small amount of structure data so far available, and extracting the structural elements of RNA requires substantial manual work. Since the number of three-dimensional RNA structures is increasing, a more systematic and automated method is needed. We have developed a set of algorithms for recognizing secondary and tertiary structural elements in RNA molecules and in the protein-RNA structures in protein data banks (PDB). The present work represents the first attempt at extracting RNA structure elements from atomic coordinates in structure databases. The regularities in the structure elements revealed by the algorithms should provide useful information for predicting the structure of RNA molecules bound to proteins.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.246-255
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• 1997

The wave washer springs are expected to behave non-linearly between forces and displace¬ments due to contractions of the height and due to expansions in radial direction. To find out the non -linearity of wave washer springs, the three dimensional plate analysis theory using the finite element method is adopted in this paper. The wave washer springs are considered to be three dimensional plate structures rather than frame structures, because their thickness is normally much smaller than their width. The displacements of nodal points due to small increment of force are calculated by the finite element method and the calculated nodal displacements are added to X - Y Z coordinates of nodal points. The new stiffness matrix of the system using the new coordinates of nodal points is adopted to calculate the another nodal displacements, that is, the step by step method is used in this paper. The relations between the increments of forces and displacements in each step are recorded and plotted in chart. The experimental results are compared with the calculated chart and it is shown that there are good coincidences between measured values and calculated ones.