• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.815-836
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• 1999

The role of animal agriculture for the quality of human life has always been emphasized during 20th century and it is expected to be even more important in terms of food supplies and in providing additional functions in the future. The world human population has almost tripled during a period of half century. The world population of animals has increased 2~3 times (6 times for chicken) during the last 60 years, and the total amount of livestock products has increased 5~6 times (more than 10 times in pork) with higher annual growth rate (9%) in developing countries. Increased personal income certainly encouraged demand for animal products over grains and lower animal production costs resulted from scientific and technological advances. Similarly the production of total grains has more than doubled owing to the advances in agricultural science during the later part of the 20th century. The average life span of world people in 1950s was only 46 years, which will be increased to almost 66 years in the year 2000. Present date clearly indicate that the life span of people is proportional to their income (GNP) and/or animal protein intake. Animals can provide other resources than foods. The increase of human population indicates that the number of animals as well as per capita consumption of animal products will be increased in the 21st century. The other resources we get from animals are drafts, packing, riding, hunting and herding. Guiding the blind, protection and companionship are also examples of what we can expect from animals. In the very near future, animals will become major donors of organs, skin and producers of drugs or special functional foods. It may be concluded that animals are very closely associated and related to the quality of human life, and they are expected to remain the same way in the 21st century.

• 대한수의사회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.261-263
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• 1977

A museum where captive animals and are exhibited to visitor is a zoo. Zoo are maintained for education and enjoyment of visitors and for scientific work with animals. Many of the animals are from parts of the world where the visitors are not likely to tra

• Toxicological Research
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2017

AAALAC International is a private, nonprofit organization that promotes humane treatment of animals in science through a voluntary international accreditation program. AAALAC International accreditation is recognized around the world as a symbol of high quality animal care and use for research, teaching and testing, as well as promoting animal welfare. Animals owned by the institution that are used for research, teaching and testing are included as part of an accredited program. More than 990 animal care and use institutions in 42 countries around the world (more than 170 programs in 13 countries in the Pacific Rim region) have earned AAALAC International accreditation. The AAALAC International Council on Accreditation evaluates overall performance and all aspects of an animal care and use program, involving an in-depth, multilayered, confidential peer-review process. The evaluators (site visitors) consider compliance with applicable local animal legislation of the host country, institutional policies, and employ a customized approach for evaluating overall program performance using a series of primary standards that include the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, the Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research and Teaching, or the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experimental and Other Purposes, Council of Europe (ETS 123), and supplemental Reference Resources, as applicable.

• 항공우주의학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2020

In 2019, the Aerospace Medical Association of Korea celebrated its 30th anniversary. On the other side of the world, it was also the 62nd anniversary of Russian launch Sputnik 1 of the world's first artificial satellite on October 4, 1957. In additionally, the world, especially the United States was shocked, when on November 3, 1957, Sputnik 2 blasted into Earth orbit with a dog named "Laika"; it was the role of veterinarian's activities for aerospace medical research and exploration. Veterinarians (Vets) are responsible for the health of all the animals for aerospace medicine whether on the ground or in space. Vets can enhance animal and public health and this knowledge of Vets and astronauts can extend their mission durations, go to nearby Earth Asteroids, Mars and other heavenly bodies to study their living and non-living characteristics. This review article is the brief history of the original growth of the veterinarian's activities for the aerospace medical research, in order to stimulate future strategies for improvements in the space life sciences and exploration.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.1142-1151
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• 1999

Today, laboratory animal production has decreased world-wide to half the number estimated in 1970 of more than 100 Mio. This is due to the cell-biological assays which replaced animal experimentation as a first allround method to solve biomedical problems. Animal experimentation remains the most significant experimental method for the study of higher organized physiological systems and their multifactorial connections. This requires maximal uniformity of all quantitative traits among the animals used for such studies (mainly mice and rats) and stability of these traits for reproducing such studies at any time world-wide. The success of the developed methods for the standardization of laboratory animals was analyzed and were found only partly be acceptable. Getting a higher degree of uniformity among standardized inbred animals is blocked by "intangible variance". This is caused by influences of ooplasm, shown by experimental twin and clone studies. Manipulation of this component of variance is essential in the future. - Genetic drifts impair the necessary stability of biological traits. There are a few disadvantages associated with the cryopreservation of embryos and other methods are required. - Dogs and cats were replaced by pigs as laboratory animals. A new line of animal production will evolve over the next 25 years with similarities to the present laboratory animal production, because in future pigs were used as donors for xenotransplants for men.

• 종교문화비평
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• 제31호
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• pp.141-172
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• 2017

이글은 상대 갑골문에 나타난 수렵, 목축, 제사를 대상으로 연구를 진행하였다. 이글은 다음과 같은 두 가지 물음을 축으로 전개되었다. 첫째, 상대 사회에서 수렵, 목축, 제사가 삶의 세계를 구축하는데 담당한 역할은 무엇인가. 둘째, 수렵, 목축, 제사를 통해서 도출할 수 있는 신, 인간, 동물의 관계는 어떠한가. 이러한 두 가지 물음은 결국 상대구성원들이 자신들이 몸담고 살아가는 세계를 어떻게 구성하고 이해하였는지를 규명하기 위하여 던진 것이다. 본고는 이와 같은 물음을 해명하기 위하여 기존 이론을 적극적으로 활용하였다. 마이클 퓨에트의 관점은 본고를 구성하는 데 중요한 통찰력을 제공하였다. 그는 중국 고대사회에서 신의 세계와 인간의 세계는 조화로웠으며 상호 조응하는관계였다는 기존의 입장을 비판한 바 있다. 그에 따르면 중국 고대사회는 신들의 세계가변덕스럽고 예측할 수 없는 힘으로 가득하며 인간의 세계에 재앙을 끼칠 수 있는 위험을지닌 것으로 보았기 때문에 이를 통제할 수 있는 수단이 필요하였다. 그는 제사와 점복이야말로 중국 고대사회에서 이러한 신들의 세계를 통제하기 위하여 동원되었던 장치라고 판단하였다. 본고는 그의 주장을 수렵과 목축에도 적용하고자 하였다. 이러한 과정을거쳐서 본고가 도달한 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 상대는 두 가지 세계가 지닌 잠재적 위험성을 잠재우고자 진력하였다. 상대는 동물로 대표되는 자연의 세계와 신의 세계를 인간의 삶을 위협하는 미지의 영역으로 파악하였다. 수렵, 목축, 제사는 삶에 무질서를 초래할지도 모르는 이 두 가지 힘의 영역을 통제하는 수단이었다. 둘째, 수렵, 목축, 제사를 통해서 밝혀진 신, 인간, 동물의 관계는 각각의 상황에 따라서 다른 특성을 드러냈다. 수렵과 목축은 인간이 폭력을 사용함으로써 동물을 길들이는 중요 수단이었다. 동물은제사에서 폭력을 통해 살해되어 '희생'이 됨으로써 인간과 신의 메신저로서 새로운 위상을 차지하였다. 이처럼 동물은 인간보다 열등하거나 우월한 성격을 모두 지닌 존재로서 신과 인간 사이에서 독특한 위상을 차지하고 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.1026-1034
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• 2000

As described here, most recently developed methods for improving reproduction performance of domesticated animals such as cattle, swine and chicken have been considered to be also usable for restoring some sorts of endangered and/or extinct wild animals in the very near future. Especially, the techniques for in vitro storage of gametes obtained from dead animals shortly after the death, probably 24 h following the sacrifice are also available for obtaining some of experimental specimens. In case of the endangered animals, nobody will be allowed to use any tissues from the living animals, therefore, e.g., the use of skin tissues from these bodies is another possibility of restoring the living animals. Regarding the use of skin tissues, the most highly usable tools must be the cloning techniques for reviving rare cells from the living body. Most possible techniques for cloning cells is nuclear transfer from rare species to highly relative species, and this is the case of germ cells, e.g., primordial germ cells (PGCs) of avian species. One of the possibilities is the nuclear transfer of Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon) to the PGCs of chicken, resulting in the PGCs with transferred nucleus from the ibis. In mammalian species, the same procedure as in the case of birds would be successful, e.g., the removed nucleus from Giant Pandas will be transferred to the cell, such as somatic cells or germ cells from black bears or lesser pandas, leading to the production of transnucleared cells in the body of female black bears. These two cases are most promising techniques for reviving endangered animals in the world, particularly in Asian countries, mainly in China. As a conclusion, possible production of cloned animals carrying transnucleared cells from endangered animals, such as Giant Pandas and Crested Ibis, may be reproduced gradually in the near future. Scientists are, therefore, required to convert the paradigm from domestic animals to wild animals, including endangered and/or extinct animals on the earth.

• 한국시조학회지:시조학논총
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• 제30집
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• pp.301-318
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• 2009

이 글은 불구동물이 등장하는 시조의 특성에 기대 "청(靑)개고리 복질(腹疾)하여 주근 날밤$\sim$"을 해석하는 데 목적이 있다. 시조에 동물이 등장하는 경우는 흔하지만 이것이 불구상태에 있는 것은 드물다. 흔히 이런 시조에 대해 당대의 부조리한 상황과 결부해 읽어내려는 경향이 있지만 사설시조를 이해하기 위한 전제에 기댔을 때 다른 해석이 가능하다. 사설시조에서만 발견할 수 있는 불구동물이 등장하는 시조는 '진지한 발화'가 아니라 '허튼소리'가 진술되는 단계에서 가창된다. 신체가 멀쩡한 자들이 흉내낼 수 있는 기형은 어떤 것이건 희극적이기에 자신의 불구를 망각한 개구리, 두꺼비, 개미의 행동은 가창공간에 있던 참석자들에게 희극적으로 기능한다. "청(靑)개고리 복질(腹疾)하여 주근 날 밤"(#2834)에서 청개구리의 죽음은 단순한 죽음이 아니라 #3160에 등장한 새끼 개구리이거나 혹은 공간의 분위기를 이미 저해했던 참가자가 가창공간에 참석하지 않은 것을 가리킨다. 결국 가창공간의 여러 정황을 고려했을 경우, 불구동물 등장 시조는 교훈적이거나 비판적 시각과 관련된 게 아니라 공간의 분위기를 유지 고조시켰던 노래라 할 수 있다.

• 대순사상과 동아시아종교
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.55-70
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• 2024

This study presents and examines various ethical theories that could offer potential solutions to the issue of discrimination against non-human animals in contemporary society, and traces its implications for Korean religions. The article focuses on two normative ethical theories - virtue ethics and the ethics of care - and through an analysis of existing research, argues that both theories may serve as foundational principles guiding our behavior, not only in our interactions with other humans but also in our treatment of non-human animals. Furthermore, the examples presented in this study demonstrate that similar ethical theories have already been adopted as frameworks for human behavior towards other living beings within two religious traditions, Buddhism and Daesoon Jinrihoe. In both belief systems, animals are acknowledged as integral components of the world in which we live. Additionally, both religions endorse the idea that the well-being of non-human animals and our attitudes toward them can also have a direct impact on our present lives, as well as on our future existence. Consequently, promoting morally upright conduct towards other living creatures should be viewed as a necessary measure, beneficial not only for the animals themselves but also for the collective well-being of humanity.

• 미생물과산업
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 1989

It is our common understanding that biological materials like microorganisms, tissue and cell cultures, seeds, plants and animals are inevitable resources for the development of science and technology. Culture collections which are reservior of biological materials now occupy a central position in life sciences and biotechnology. The World Data Center of Microorganisms (WDC) is a infrastructure of culture collections in the world realizing quick and smooth exchanges of information and microorganisms to support research and development in those fields. The WDC was relocated from University of Queensland in Australia to out institute RIKEN in 1986. This article introduces a function for WDC in RIKEN (RIKAGAKU-KENKYUUSHO, the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research)