• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 2015

Objectives: Recently, low systolic blood pressure (SBP) was found to be associated with an increased risk of death from vascular diseases in a rural elderly population in Korea. However, evidence on the association between low SBP and vascular diseases is scarce. The aim of this study was to prospectively examine the association between low SBP and mortality from all causes and vascular diseases in older middle-aged Korean men. Methods: From 2004 to 2010, 94 085 Korean Vietnam War veterans were followed-up for deaths. The adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) were calculated using the Cox proportional hazard model. A stratified analysis was conducted by age at enrollment. SBP was self-reported by a postal survey in 2004. Results: Among the participants aged 60 and older, the lowest SBP (<90 mmHg) category had an elevated aHR for mortality from all causes (aHR, 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 3.1) and vascular diseases (International Classification of Disease, 10th revision, I00-I99; aHR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 8.4) compared to those with an SBP of 100 to 119 mmHg. Those with an SBP below 80 mmHg (aHR, 4.5; 95% CI, 1.1 to 18.8) and those with an SBP of 80 to 89 mmHg (aHR, 3.1; 95% CI, 0.9 to 10.2) also had an increased risk of vascular mortality, compared to those with an SBP of 90 to 119 mmHg. This association was sustained when excluding the first two years of follow-up or preexisting vascular diseases. In men younger than 60 years, the association of low SBP was weaker than that in those aged 60 years or older. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that low SBP (<90 mmHg) may increase vascular mortality in Korean men aged 60 years or older.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.287-299
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyze the statistical data to get the government to have positive recognition of education for middle-aged and aged people about provision for old age after retirement and present a model of policy direction of realistic elderly education for middle-aged and aged people and an ideal program for middle-aged and aged people in Korea. Such an empirical research obtained the following results. First, as for effects of recognition of the need of elderly education and the desire to participate in elderly education on provision for retirement, the need of elderly education and the desire to participate in elderly education were found to have effects. Second, as for effects of the level of retirement expectation on provision for retirement, new departure, career completion, and continuous expectation were found to have effects. Third, as for mediating effects of retirement expectation in terms of effects of recognition of the need of elderly education and the level of desire for participation, the need of elderly education has retirement expectation partly affect physical, psychological, and economic preparation. As for the desire to participate in elderly education, expectation of retirement had completely mediating effects on physical preparation and partly mediating effects on psychological and economic preparation. Fourth, the need of elderly education, the desire for participation, retirement expectation, and recognition of provision for retirement by general properties were found to have statistically significant results in terms of gender, age, occupation, and educational background.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to identify and compare the risk factors of depression among middle-class Korean workers. Methods: A cross sectional study was designed for secondary data analysis. From the 8th Korean Medical Panel Survey (2008~2013), a total of 3,056 data was drawn and analyzed. With SPSS version 24, a developmental stage comparison, with the stage being young adults (20~39), middle-aged adults (40~64), and older adults (65+) were conducted. Frequency, percentage, 𝑥² test and logistic regression analysis were statistical tools used to analyze the data. Results: In all developmental groups, experience of frustration was found to be a common risk factor of depression. Stress from excessive task, peer-compared subjective health status, and self-perceived social class were risk factors of depression in the young adults and the middle-aged adults. Anxiety for the future significantly influenced depression in the middle-aged adults and older adults. Conclusion: Experience of frustration was a major risk factor of depression among Korean middle-class workers. Interventions to reduce depression need to be developed focusing on the specific risk factors by developmental stages such as experience of frustration, stress from task burden, poor peer-compared subjective health status and anxiety for the future.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.383-397
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• 2000

This study of purpose was to define the relationship between the stress and climacteric symptoms of middle-aged women in order to provide basic data for the development of women's health care program as nursing intervention. The research tools used were a Soon-Young Park's stress questionnaire (4 points scale) and a self diagnostic MENSI scale (3 points scale) developed by a research team of Ill-Yang Pharmacy Co. This research was conducted in Korea in Muan-Gun. Chonnam province, from 22th November to 20th December 1999. The research used a survey design. Seven hundred eleven healthy middle-aged women, aged 40 to 64, and were a convenience sample by stratified ratio using the matching fixed residential and aging blocks. The data were analyzed by GLM. Pearson correlation coefficient and Scheffe test using SAS/ PC+. The results were summarized as follows : 1. The percentage of psychological stress with the following items was: fatigue and enervation, 70.0%; nervous, 61.8%; weakness, 58.5%; The percentage of physical stress with the following items were ; fatigue of eye. 82.3%; backache, 78.0%; headache, 73.8%. 2. The level of psychological stress was 40% of below average level (0-5 points), 31.7 of average level (6-12points), 20.8% of precaution level (13-19 points), and 7.5% of warning level (over 20points). The level of physical stress were 20.1% of below average level (0-5 points), 34.8 of average level (6-12 points), 29.4 of precaution level (13-19 points), and 15.7% of warning level (over 20 points). There were higher physical stress level than psychological stress level of the subjects. 3. The percentage of climacteric symptoms with the following items were : numbness, 75.3%; forgetfulness, 71.0%; pain of joints, 71.0%. The level of climacteric symptoms were 61.8% of mild level 1(10-15 points), 33.0% of moderate level (16-30 points), 5.2% of severe level (over 31 points). 4. There were high positive correlations significantly between the climacteric symptoms and the psychological stress (r=.564. P<0.000), and between the climacteric symptoms and the physical stress of the subjects(r=.678, P<0.000). 5. There were significant differences in the climacteric symptoms of the subjects among below average level, average level, precaution level, and warning level of the psychological stress (F=74.108. P<0.000. Scheffe test). 6. There were significant differences in the climacteric symptoms of the subjects among below average level, average level and precaution level, and warning level of the physical stress ((F=128.181, P<0.000, Scheffe test). In summary, climacteric symptoms complained by middle-aged women are high positive correlated to the level of the stress. Also climacteric symptoms were affected by stress.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.296-312
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• 2011

Korea has been suffering from financial hardship with low birth rate and rapid growing of advanced aged people because low economic growth and low interest rate have continued after IMF foreign-exchange crisis. Under these circumstances, it is necessary for the middle-aged people to have well-prepared retirement plan in the sense of physical, psychological, social and economical preparedness. The study intends to find out how the occupation and activity characteristics affect the physical, psychological, social and economical preparation for their remaining old age. For the purpose, questionnaires were collected from 344 middle-aged people working in private companies, public offices and small-business owners in metropolitan and Chungcheong province. The findings are as follows: First, they were physically well-prepared, as they thought their leisure activity was more important, their occupational role was more stable and they were old and healthy. Second, Women had notion about their occupation if they kept a good relationship with their colleagues. And they were psychologically prepared well as they valued their leisure activities. Third, if they perceived their occupations as stable and had more social and leisure activities, they were socially well-prepared. Fourth, Although the level of economical preparation depends on their wealth, the occupation and activity characteristics had no effect on the economical preparation. These findings imply that the retirement preparation as a recent social issue has been influenced by the nature of occupation and activity and suggest that the definite policy and program will be required for the retirement preparation of the middle-aged people from various aspects.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

This study aims to verify the mediating effect of social support in the relationship between online social relations service utilization(PC, mobile) and life satisfaction for middle-aged and Older Adults. For this purpose, the '2017 Digital Devide Survey' data collected by the National Information Society Agency was used, and among 2,300 middle-aged and Older Adults aged 55 or older, 1,488 people using the Internet were selected as the final analysis target. Then, using the structural equation, the mediating effect of social support was verified in the between online social relations service utilization and life satisfaction. As a result, it was verified that higher levels of mobile-based social relations service utilization have a positive effect on social support and life satisfaction. Also, it was confirmed that social support has a mediating effect in the relationship between the utilization of mobile-based social relations service and life satisfaction. However, the utilization of PC-based social relations services did not show to affect social support and life satisfaction. Therefore, the results of this study can be used as basic data for practical measures to increase the connection between mobile-based social relationship service education and social support promotion education for middle-aged and Older Adults. In addition, the study is meaningful in that it overcomes the limitations of measuring the use of online social relations services as one, and selects tools that are practically effective by dividing them into mobile and PC.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.171-187
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• 2016

The study performed a comparison analysis of market brand patterns for slim-fit dress shirts and analyzed the body surface development figure of men in their 40s using 3D body scan data and developed slim-fit dress shirt patterns suitable for middle-aged men. The sizes of slim-fit dress shirt patterns showed a slight difference depending on brand. The overlap map of slim-fit dress shirt patterns for brands demonstrates how difference of one-dimensional sizes reflect on two-dimensional patterns. This map provides useful information for pattern design and allows and easy recognition of pattern size differences. A try-on system evaluation through 3D-Simulation allows a grasp of the fitness of neckline and size tolerance of under the arms in front, the silhouette of side lines, and overall fitness in front that also allows analysis of the front/back balance of a shirt in side, the size tolerance proportion in front/back, and the fitness of the arm-hole line. Thus, we obtained try-on results that were equivalent to wearing actual clothing. According to the drafting size suggested in the developed final pattern, the total width was 'C/2+5.5cm', and the front was set at 1cm bigger in the size difference of the front and back. The width of the front neck and the back neck was set identically at 'C/12', while the width of the front neck was set to 'C/12+1.5cm'. For the armhole depth, we added 'C/4+2cm', and '0.5cm and 1.5cm' for the width of the front and back to anthropometry. The results of the try-on evaluation through 3D-Simulation indicated that the fitness of the final slim-fit dress shirt pattern was superior to available slim-fit dress shirt patterns on the market and evaluated as superior to the types for middle-aged men.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.61-69
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• 1983

This study was undertaken as a useful material not only to understand the clothing behaviors and the personal variables (age, education, occupation, yearly clothing expenses, weight, and persons who influence on one's choice of clothes) of the middle-aged women in Seoul, Korea but to lend itself to other uses concerning attitudes toward clothing. For the measurement of the attitudes toward specified activities related to clothing use, attitude method by Mary F. Pasnak (1968) was reworded and modified for use with the sample for this study. Analysis of the data revealed that the clothing behaviors of 450 women 30 to 59 years of age made a significant difference according to the personal variables. First, women in thirties showed the most positive clothing attitude of the three age groups. The younger age groups were positively related to relief from boredom through clothing, intensity, sureness, and involvement of attitude among eight attitudes related to clothing. Second, the positiveness of relief from boredom through clothing, intensity, sureness, and involvement of attitude increased in proportion to the education level. On the other hand, dressing for self was negatively related to the level of education. Third, a significant relationship was found between the amount of the clothing expenses and dressing for others, tactual pleasure through clothing, intensity, sureness, and involvement of attitude. Among the personal variables of the middle-aged women, age, the educational level, and the clothing expenses have a relationship with the clothing behaviors, while job, weight, and the persons who influence on one's choice of clothes have no relationship. The extensive interpretation on the result of this study will have to be taken with deliberation. For the more practical material researches on the clothing behaviors of the middle-aged women should be continued steadily in every possible way.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.23 no.2 s.179
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• pp.154-163
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• 2006

Tooth morphology is the most important scientific aspect of dental medicine in regards to the treatment and study of teeth attrition relating to the absence of teeth due to dental caries or the occlusion of teeth due to external force. Most of the studies have focused on the external morphology in cutting teeth regardless of sex and age. However, the importance of internal morphology in the treatment of damaged teeth has been increased. Therefore, this study established the measurement criteria for the morphology of the mandibular first premolar which had never been presented, in order to investigate the external and internal morphologies of mandibular first premolars, and introduced a non-destructive method such as a microcomputed tomogrphy. Mandibular first premolars in superlative state were taken from molars of middle aged males and females and used as specimens for this study. Criteria relating to the internal and external morphology measurements were established to quantify the length of the teeth in identical state. Two dimensional image data for the selected mandibular first premolar were obtained by taking the image of each O.022mm section, which is perpendicular to the vertical direction using the microcomputed tomography. The Vworks program was applied to measure the length of each morphological part according to the set measurement criteria. These measured data were compared with the data presented by G. V. Black and the internal and external morphologies of the teeth of middle aged Koreans were also compared according to gender. In addition, the methodology for measurement of the mandibular first premolar was presented and according to this, the standardized mandibular first premolars of middle aged Korean males and females were made by using a rapid prototyping system.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1150-1162
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• 2011

Considering the fact that the fit for men's clothes is important for the sizing system modern ready-made pants, an analysis of obese middle-aged men is required at this period of time to determine the appropriate fit for obese men. The following research focused on 635 middle-aged obese men who had a BMI index of at least 25 and a waist circumference from the belly-button level of 34 inches or more. This research deals with the articles of circumference, thickness and other major physical changes that happen during the 30s, 40s, and 50s. According to the analysis of these body measurement articles with specific regard to age, men's height and the height of their waist seemed to decrease as their age increased. This demonstrates that as these men grow older, the waist and stomach slowly curved into a circular and flat body type due to their obesity. In this study, the first factor figure was the height and leg length. The second factor figure was the waist form. The third factor figure was the center thigh circumference. The fourth and fifth factor figures were the hip length and shape. Lastly, the sixth factor figure was the calf circumference. These 6 factor figures construct 80.57% of the volume explanation and showed 3 patterns through a cluster analysis that showed different patterns of obesity forms for waist circumferences in key figure 1, waist and thigh circumferences in key figure 2, and waist and buttocks circumferences. Therefore, it was worthwhile to consider the circumferences of the waist, buttocks and thigh according to the body type category to enhance the drafting of well-fitting pants.