• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2021

With the recent isolation of a new betanodavirus in shellfish, Korean Shellfish Nervous Necrosis Virus (KSNNV), it has also been identified the reassortant KSNNV of two RNA segments, in which one segment is KSNNV genotype but the other one is known genotype. In this study, we confirmed that the ressortant KSNNVs obtained in previous screening study of our laboratory for betanodaviruses in shellfish were KS/RGNNV and RG/KSNNV type by performing two consecutive multiplex RT-PCR on each RNA1 and RNA2 segment (R1- and R2-discriminative multiplex two-step RT-PCR, respectively) to determine the genotype of each segment based on the size of amplicon. In the pathogenicity analysis, none of the reassortants induced specific external symptoms or mortality of VNN, but viruses of 2 × 10⁴~10⁵ copies/mg or more were detected at 14 days after injection (10⁷ copies/fish) in brain tissues of 4 species except for crucian carp and common carp among the 6 species of juvenile fish used. In addition, the histopathological features of weak but distinct vacuole formation were also found in the brain of these infected fish, but no difference was found between the two reassortants KS/RGNNV-KG and RG/KSNNV-CM.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.15-20
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• 2014

Objectives : We search the contents about Bi disease in Huang Di Nei Jing(黃帝內經), to analyze the significance of Bi disease, etiopathogenisis and pathogenesis of Bi disease, treatment of Bi disease. Methods : We find that the key feature of Bi disease is joint pain induced by impatency of Qi and blood. Exterior and interior etiological factors are involved in, such as exogenous evil of cold and dampness, emotional disorders, intemperance of taking food, dysfunction of yingqi and weiqi, strong or weak constitution, etc. Results : The important pathogenesis are invaded by exogenous evil because of deficiency, disharmony of yingqi and weiqi and disharmony of five viscera. The key points of treatments are the individual concerned therapy and climate concerned therapy, selecting the acupoint according to the differentiation of symptoms and signs. Conclusions : The combined therapy should be used such as acupuncture and moxibustion, hot application of medicine, massage, Daoyin, outside apply, etc. These supply the theory foundation for etiological factor, pathogenesis, syndrome and treatment, and to direct the diagnosis and treatment of Bi disease later generations.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.304-312
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• 2022

Boxwood is a representative ornamental shrub that is widely used in landscaping horticulture. After pruning, damaged leaves or stems of boxwoods are unavoidably vulnerable to infection by various plant pathogens. Several boxwood diseases caused by fungi, such as Volutella blight and Macrophoma leaf spot, have been reported worldwide including Republic of Korea. In this study, we isolated and identified fungal pathogens of boxwood diseases that occurred in Korea and characterized their morphological and taxonomic characteristics. Boxwood samples showing blight symptoms were collected in Seoul, Republic of Korea, and the putative fungal pathogens Pseudonectria buxi, P. foliicola, and Neofusicoccum buxi were successfully identified. Investigation of the morphological features of the field isolates, including mycelial growth and conidial morphology, and phylogenetic analysis of multiple DNA barcode loci revealed that there were some morphological and genetic variations among isolates, but all of the analyzed isolates were closely related to the corresponding reference strains. We also found that P. foliicola strains were more virulent than P. buxi, and the N. buxi strains isolated in this study were weak pathogens or saprophytes. The results of our study will contribute to the development of control strategies for boxwood diseases caused by fungi and accelerate research on the complex ecology of boxwood diseases.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.59-73
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this case report is to report the effect of Daesiho-tang on adult acne by Shanghanlun provisions with extrusion therapy. Methods : According to diagnostic system based on Shanghanlun provisions, the patient was diagnosed with Taeyang-byung Gyeolhyung and treated by Daesiho-tang with extrusion therapy. The result of administrations were evaluated by Korean Acne Grading System(KAGS), Korean Skindex-29, and change of clinical symptoms. Results : After administration of Daesiho-tang for 150 days with weelky extrusion therapy, KAGS improved from grade 4 to grade 1, Skindex-29 improved from 67.93 to 15.51, and patient was very satisfied with the treatment. No serius treatment-related adverse events were reported. Limitations : This case is only one case that the level of evidence is weak. Two interventions were used together and the duration of photo was uneven. Conclusions : The patient almost recovered from acne treated by Daesiho-tang according to diagnostic system based on Shanghanlun provisions with extrusion therapy. This is the first case report that suggests '熱結在裏' on the number 136 provision of Shanghanlun means fever that is always present in chronic skin lesions.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 1999

Phytophthora root rot of Chniese cabbage and spinach is reported for the first time in Korea. The diseases ocurred at Yangju, Seosan and Yeocheon in Korea from 1995 through 1998, mainly in lowland and submerged areas. Symptoms consisted of stunt, yellows, wilt and eventual death due to root rot. Fourteen isolates collected from naturally infected plants were all identified as P. drechsleri based on mycological characteristics. PCR-RFLP analysis of rDNA of the isolates confirmed the above result, since the restriction band patterns of the small subunit and internal transcribed spacers were identical to P. drechsleri and P. cryptogea, but distinct from closely related species of P. erythroseptica, P. cambivora, P. sojae and P. megasperma. The pathogen showed strong pathogenicity to Chinese cabbage, moderate to spinach, radish, cabbage and tomato, and weak or none to brown mustard, kale, chicory and pepper in pathogenicity tests.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2010

This report describes 57 prescriptions including Paeoniae Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix in Dongeuibogam. Paeoniae Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix have been used separately or concurrently in Oriental Medicine for a long time as a treatment for various disease. The following conclusions are reached through investigations on the applications of prescriptions including Paeoniae Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix in Dongeuibogam. 1. 7 times(12.3%) prescriptions are recorded in women chapter, 6 times(10.5%) in cold chapter, 5 times(8.8%) in stool chapter and fatigue chapter each, 4 times(7.0%) in psychiatry chapter, which are arranged in order of frequency. 2. Anxiety, Yin-Yang deficiency, stroke, treating blood, cataract, fever floating due to Yin deficiency, weak and fatigue, pregnancy, abortion, women accessary disease, cold-feeling heart pain, stiffness, etc, among 51 symptoms in prescriptions including Paeoniae Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix. 3. The dosage of Paeoniae Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix are from 5 pun:2.5 pun to 2 nyang:1 nyang. 1 jeon:5 pun is recored 39 times(68.4%), 2 jeon:1 jeon and 1 nyang:5 jeon is 6 times(3.21%), 2 nyang:1 nyang is 2 times(1.8%) used among 57 prescriptions including Paeoniae Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix. 4. 57 prescriptions including Paeoniae Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix are mostly composed of Samooltang and Sagoonjatang, Gyejitang, Gamgiltang, Bowontang, Goongguitang, Jeongwoneum, Bojoongikgitang, Jigoongsan, Ijintang, Pyeongwuisan, Oryungsan, etc, according to the usage.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.261-268
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• 2001

Recently, social concerns about addiction problems not only to substances like alcohol and drug but also to gambling or internet have been increasing. Addiction is caused by a combined influence of biological, psychological. and social factors. However, addiction may also occur due to weak will-power or poor education on addiction. Even though addicted behavior provides temporal mood change such as euphoria, satisfaction. or relaxation. it leads to serious physical and mental disorder of the addicted person and its family members, which possibly results in fatal consequences. Nurses are in an environment to meet and take care of those who are addicted or vulnerable to addiction in order to help the clients to recover or to prevent people from addiction. Despite the importance of nurses role in addiction problems, there is a lack of consistency of addiction is often interchangeably used with other similar concepts in the society. In this study, a concept analysis of addiction was performed to more clearly and comprehensively understand addiction and to develop effective nursing intervention methods for addicted clients. The analysis is conducted according to a series of processes described by Walker and Avant. The defining attributes of addiction identified in this study are as follows: 1) existence of object 2) control loss 3) withdrawal symptoms 4) continued use despite adverse consequences.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.193-205
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was aimed to report the effect of oriental treatment on Bell's palsy during pregnancy with Sasang Constitutional method. Methods: 4 patients who had Bell's palsy during pregnancy were treated with Sasang constitutional prescriptions. After treatments we evaluated the effects by House-Brackmann facial nerve grading system. Results: As a result, the clinical symptoms of Bell's palsy during pregnancy were improved. Conclusions: This case studies show that Sasang constitutional method can be effectively used on Bell's palsy during pregnancy. Especially the diagnostic results by using Diagnosis System of Oriental Medicine (DSOM) revealed that some of patients were in a very weak condition. We could apply these results to choose prescription and get good therapeutic effects.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.94-101
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• 2019

Probiotics stabilize intestinal microflora, reduce constipation, reduce decay by inhibiting harmful bacteria, and prevent diseases. Probiotics have also been studied for their possible roles in immune activation, treatment of cancer, remediation of cholesterol, treatment of diabetes, alleviation of allergies, and relief of lactose intolerance. However, recent data concerning the side effects of probiotics have prompted debate regarding their efficacy and safety. Major adverse events associated with probiotics are gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea, gastrointestinal disorders, and vomiting, along with skin rash and urticaria. Probiotics occasionally cause sepsis in infants with poor immunity and elderly people with severe diseases. In contrast to previous studies that described the efficacy of probiotics in intestinal regulation, some recent studies have reported that the activity of intestinal microbes becomes weak as a result of the influx of probiotics. The data indicate that the safety of probiotics is not guaranteed and that further investigations are needed.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.121-123
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• 2013

The strains of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, C. coccodes, C. acutatum isolated from black raspberry were pathogenic to apple and strawberry after dropping inoculation, but showed weak pathogenicity in hot-pepper and tomato. The anthracnose pathogens of C. gloeosporioides, C. orbiculare, C. acutatum isolated from apple, hot-pepper and pumpkin showed pathogenicity in black raspberry. Moreover, the anthracnose pathogens isolated from apple caused disease symptoms in non-wounded inoculation.