• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.281-292
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• 2021

With the development of deep learning technology, researchers and technicians keep attempting to apply deep learning in various industrial and academic fields, including the defense. Most of these attempts assume that the data are balanced. In reality, since lots of the data are imbalanced, the classifier is not properly built and the model's performance can be low. Therefore, this study proposes cost-sensitive learning as a solution to the imbalance data problem of image classification in the defense field. In the proposed model, cost-sensitive learning is a method of giving a high weight on the cost function of a minority class. The results of cost-sensitive based model shows the test F1-score is higher when cost-sensitive learning is applied than general learning's through 160 experiments using submarine/non-submarine dataset and warship/non-warship dataset. Furthermore, statistical tests are conducted and the results are shown significantly.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.13
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• pp.5143-5147
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• 2014

Cervical cancer screening in Malaysia is by opportunistic Pap smear which contributes to the low uptake rate. To overcome this, a pilot project called the SIPPS program (translated as information system of Pap smear program) had been introduced whereby women aged 20-65 years old are invited for Pap smear and receive recall to repeat the test. This study aimed at determining which recall method is most cost-effective in getting women to repeat Pap smear. A randomised control trial was conducted where one thousand women were recalled for repeat smear either by registered letter, phone messages, phone call or the usual postal letter. The total cost applied for cost-effectiveness analysis includes the cost of sending letter for first invitation, cost of the recall method and cost of two Pap smears. Cost-effective analysis (CEA) of Pap smear uptake by each recall method was then performed. The uptake of Pap smear by postal letter, registered letters, SMS and phone calls were 18.8%, 20.0%, 21.6% and 34.4%, respectively (p<0.05). The CER for the recall method was lowest by phone call compared to other interventions; RM 69.18 (SD RM 0.14) compared to RM 106.53 (SD RM 0.13), RM 134.02 (SD RM 0.15) and RM 136.38 (SD RM 0.11) for SMS, registered letter and letter, respectively. ICER showed that it is most cost saving if the usual method of recall by postal letter be changed to recall by phone call. The possibility of letter as a recall for repeat Pap smear to reach the women is higher compared to sending SMS or making phone call. However, getting women to do repeat Pap smear is better with phone call which allows direct communication. Despite the high cost of the phone call as a recall method for repeat Pap smear, it is the most cost-effective method compared to others.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

This paper addresses the correlation between the flood damage cost and recovery cost. National data (15 regions) for 20 years, panel data, has been analyzed for this test. Model specification of panel data analysis depends on the characteristics of data set and "fixed" or "random" effects model can be used. The results are represented in both models. As we expected all independent variables show positive relationship with recovery cost, except for the number of death and suffers. The damage of public facilities, such as rivers and road are the major factors on the damage and recovery cost, which means that flood damage can not be decreased without decreasing damages of public facilities from floods. Especially, the recovery cost is always higher than the damage cost and investment for flood control. Unlikely, government investment for flood control is the highest and recovery cost is the always lower than da mage cost andinvestment in Japan. Which means that proper investment can reduce economic damage cost of flood and recovery cost.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.643-659
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• 2022

For the economic analysis of fuel cells, levelized cost of electricity was calculated according to the type, capacity, and annual production of the fuel cells. The cost of every component was calculated through the system component breakdown. The direct cost of the system included stack cost, component cost, assembly, test, and conditioning cost, and profit markup cost were added. The effect of capacity and annual production was analyzed by fuel cell type. Sensitivity analysis was performed according to stack life, capital cost, project period, and fuel cost. As a result, it was derived how much the economic efficiency of the fuel cell improves as the capacity increases and the annual production increases.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.293-299
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• 2004

The purposes of this study were to : a) investigate the current status of contracted hospital food services, b) analyze and clarify various perspectives of contractors and hospitals. Thirty six hospitals and their contractors which were having more than 100 beds located in Seoul, Inchon and Kyungkido, were the subjects of this study. Data were collected through surveys. The survey was conducted during March to April in 2002. Questionnaires were mailed to the 36 directors of dietetic departments of hospitals and 36 managers of contract foodservice management company. Statistical analysis was completed using SPSS Win(11.0) for descriptive analysis, t-test and $x^2$-test. The results of the study can be summarized ; 1. The type of contract considered adequate by directors of dietetic departments and managers of contractors was fee-contract, combined type, followed by profit-and-loss contract. 2. According to the results from analysis on the contract cost per meal considered adequate by directors of dietetic departments and managers, the directors of dietetic department indicated that showing no difference with the current contract cost per meal. However, the managers of contractor indicated that showing significant differences compared with the current contract cost per meal(regular diet p<0.01, therapeutic diet p<0.001). 3. In the composition of contract cost per meal considered adequate, the managers of contracting businesses accounted labor cost (p<0.01) as a major cost, whereas the chiefs of nutrition departments accounted miscellaneous or controllable expense (p<0.001) and VAT (p<0.01) as major costs. 4. The directors of dietetic departments and managers thought that the hospital should be responsible for utility costs. On the other hand, directors of dietetic departments regarded that the contractor and managers thought that the hospital should pay for facility investment cost.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.37-43
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• 2019

Purpose - The self quality inspection which is mandatory in Republic of Korea can play an important role in promoting food safety, but the cost for self quality inspection is also a big burden especially for small businesses. In addition, excessive or duplicated inspection costs resulting from the standard gaps of various ministries and agencies ultimately effect negative social utility. Thus, this paper aims to suggest ways to improve the analysis of self quality inspection for the Ready-to-Eat Foods in terms of dried laver, in order to reduce costs caused by overinclusion. Research design, data, and methodology - The focus of interest is seaweed in Kimbab, which is to be exempted from the Vibrio parahaemolyticus test on the three grounds. First, existing literature provides little support for the necessity of performing a microbiological test. Second, laver products do not require the V.parahaemolyticus test by international standards such as the CODEX. Third, no case was found for seaweed products on the list of information on failed food items over the 2015~16 period. Results - Other types of seaweed such as exportable and seasoning seaweed are not subject to the test. Hence, exclusion of the V.pahaemolyticus test on seaweed is a valid point, bringing about large expected cost savings to many small businesses. Conclusions - Based on a complete survey of 75 food-testing agencies from March 20th to 30th, 2018, this paper finds that the proposed revision of the Kimbab test is likely to save an average of 130,000 won per business per year. Especially, in the case of the testing fee of Salmonella spp.(n,c,m,M), the cost difference by agencies was found to be up to five times. The regional gap in testing fees can be considered an unfair barrier. Accordingly, it is necessary to examine whether the testing fee is set at an appropriate level through the cost-extraction program proposed by the Ministry Food and Drug Safety. Hence, the survey results also point out that harmonization of testing fees charged by different food-testing agencies is appropriate with respect to transparency and efficiency.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to provide a cost effective usability test model for business web site development. In this study, we present a usability test model that combines Concurrent Think Aloud, performance measurement, coaching method, and remote test method. Testing target was the consortium website of electronic information joint licensing. Test participants were actual users selected by their task roles and proficiency in different levels. We improved the system by reflecting the results of user test analysis and re-tested usability test again. The result showed that usability of all participants was improved in the aspect of the time required and the complexity of mouse trajectory. It is expected that the usability test model presented in this study can be used to cost-effectively evaluate and analyze business web sites. We suggest that research various usability test model considering the characteristics of websites.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.1169-1172
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• 1998

We designed an ALU(Airthmetic Logic Unit) with BIST(Built-In Self Test), which is suitable for 32-bit DSP RISC processors. We minimized the area of this ALU by allowing different operations to share several hardware blocks. Moreover, we applied DFT(Design for Testability) to ALU and offered Bist(Built-In Self-Test) function. BIST is composed of pattern generation and response analysis. We used the reseeding method and testability design for the high fault coverage. These techniques reduce the test length. Chip's reliability is improved by testing and the cost of testing system can be reduced.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.409-416
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• 1997

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.1069-1072
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• 1998

Recently the development of design and automation technology and manufacturing method, has reduced the cost of chip, but it becomes more difficult to test IC chip because test technique doesn't keep up with these techniques. In case of IC testing, obtaining test vectors to be able to detect good chip or bad one is very important, but according to increasing complexity, it is very complex and difficult. Another problem is that during testing, there could be capability of physical and electrical damage on chip. Also there is difficulty in synchronization between CUT (circuit under test) and Test equipment〔1〕. Because of these difficulties, built in self test has been proposed. Not only obtaining test vectors but also reducing test time becomes hot issues nowadays. This paper presents a new test BIST(built in self test) method. Proposed BIST implementation reduces test time and obtains high fault coverage. By searching internal nodes in which are inserted test_point_cells〔2〕and allocating TPG(test pattern generation) stages, test length becomes much shorter.