• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.51-58
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• 2007

The saying likely as "In the rapidly-changing outside management environment, the light-weighted body only able to survive" means the 'lightness' in working space, reducing expenditure for immovable property and unnecessary facility, and also means the flexibility of facility which is ready to cope promptly with the approaching situation. For such reason, as many enterprises do not support an individual workstation for each person but by introduction of sharing system, also reducing the area for working space, they have made the immovable property expense per person curtailed. Though the reduction of the immovable property expense that subsequently gained by merely decreasing of working space brings a remarkable effect of retrenchment, there is also a worrying opinion that because of the narrowed working space than before, or by disappearing of private space, a possible non-productive effect which let working enthusiasm falls down might be brought. By practicing such investigating method, at the first stage survey, the Satisfaction of non-territorial and territorial office user and the order of required improvement are figured out, also arranged the appraisal items as 6 factors in total, and all of the factors were being influenced to the entire satisfaction in statistically meaningful level.

• ALGAE
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.265-279
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• 2022

The primary production (PP) by phytoplankton in marine ecosystems is essential for carbon cycling and fueling food webs. Hence, estimating the PP in the territorial sea of each country is a necessary step to achieving carbon neutrality. To estimate the PP in the territorial sea of the Republic of Korea from 2005 to 2021, we analyzed various physiochemical parameters, such as sea surface temperature (SST), Secchi depth, and concentrations of chlorophyll-a and nutrients in the seas of five regions, including the East Sea, West Sea, western South Sea, eastern South Sea, and the waters off Jeju Island. During the 17-year study period, the SST tended to increase, while the nutrient concentrations declined, except in the Jeju area. Overall, the PP did not show a specific temporal trend, but daily PP in the western South Sea was the highest among the five regions. Moreover, the maximum PP in the Korean territorial waters (76,450 km²) was estimated at 11,227 Gg C y^-1, which accounts for 0.03% of the global PP. The results may give insights into a better understanding of the PP, further resource utilization, and environmental sustainability in the studied region.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.323-333
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• 2007

Recently, the South and North Korea have collaborated in the economic cooperation. Success for the cooperation of the South and North Korea has supported the basic and fundamental GIS data building for geographic information (GI) and the land-use of the North Korea. This North Korea GIS project is also vital to facilitate rebuilding and reconnecting socio-economic infrastructures such as reconnecting road and railway networks between the South and North Korea. Thus, this paper emphasizes on the fundamental issues of GIS data building in North Korea area and suggests GI and data establishment methods of the North Korea regions which has not been achieved in GIS research activities in Korea. As the basic GI and data in the North Korea, topographical maps, satellite imageries, and thematic maps were collected and used for surveying of territorial areas of the North Korea. The database of those dataset were built by scanning, image processing, and classifying land-use types. In addition, this paper exacted vector data from the database and included the vector data into the database as other basic GI dataset that enable to analyze quantitative and qualitative territorial land use and development in the North Korea.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.460-462
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• 2009

This study has analyzed the scale, location, resource potential and feasibility of offshore wind farm scientifically and systematically based on the national wind map and GIS (Geographic Information System). For long-term wind power development, this study pursues siting strategy building, selection of target area and deciding development priority as well as the presenting a basis for assessment that are necessary for policy decision making by making theme layers under GIS environment. According to the analysis after organizing technological development by stages, even if only the most suitable sites are developed among the area of offshore wind farm candidates that can be developed under the current technological standard, it has been evaluated as being able to develop about 3 times of the wind power dissemination target until 2012. It is expected that about 5% of territorial water area can be developed in a short-term future while the southern offshore area possessing relatively favorable wind resource than the western offshore has been identified as the most feasible site. While about 23% of territorial water area has been classified as potential area for offshore wind farm development in a long-term future, even Jeju Island and offshore of Ulsan possessing excellent wind resource have been analyzed as feasible sites. The feasibility assessment of offshore wind farm development established by this study is expected to assist national strategy building for accomplishing the wind power dissemination target.

• Strategy21
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• s.37
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• pp.193-241
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• 2015

China, Japan and Korea are the world's top 10 energy consumers, and so very interested in the development of seabed hydrocarbon resources in order to meet their energy demands. The East China Sea is the tri-junction area where three countries' entitlements on the maritime boundaries are overlapped. There are abundant oil reserves in the East China Sea, and therefore competitions among countries are growing to get control of them. Although these countries have concluded the bilateral agreements to jointly develop resources in the East China Sea, they do not function as well. Because joint development and management of seabed petroleum resources can lead to stable development system, and to lower possibility of legal and political disputes, the needs for joint development agreement among three countries are urgent. Meanwhile, Northeast Asian seas are semi-closed seas, which are geographically closed and vulnerable to marine pollution. Moreover there are a lot of nuclear power plants in coastal area, and seabed petroleum resources are being developed. So it is likely to occur nuclear and oil spill accidents. Fukushima nuclear disaster and Bohai Bay oil spill accident in 2011 are the cases to exhibit the potential of major marine pollution accidents in this area. It is anticipated that the risks become higher because power plants and offshore oil platforms are extending gradually. Therefore, the ways to seek the joint marine environmental protection agreement focused on regulation of nuclear power plant and offshore oil platform have to be considered. In this paper, we try to find the way to make joint development and joint environmental protection agreement in Northeast Asian seas. We concentrate on the measure to drive joint development of seabed petroleum deposits in East China Sea's overlap area, despite of maritime delimitation and territorial disputes, and we try to drive joint marine environmental protection system to respond to marine pollution and accidents due to offshore oil platform and nuclear power plants. Through these consideration, we seek solutions to deal with lack of energy, disputes of maritime territorial and boundary delimitation, and marine pollution in Northeast Asia.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.10 no.3 s.21
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• pp.53-59
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• 2002

Territorial sea baseline is a borderline, with the effectuation of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1982, for the related sea zone negotiations with neighboring countries. Its position must be determined to international standard like WGS84 coordinate system. In this study, GPS survey for territorial sea points was performed to determine territorial baseline around five islands in the yellow sea, and the results of them were compared with previous coordinates. Territorial sea point, outermost spot of a nation's realm, tend to be placed in end up low-tide elevations or precipice. Therefore traditional surveying methods are hard to take accurate observations, so that GPS survey is most effective. Through the study, the scientific and reasonable methods for GPS surveying procedure is presented. The results of coordinate comparison show that there are wide difference between the old and new coordinates, and it is necessary for the whole area of islands to calculate displacements by GPS surveying.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.280-289
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• 2022

Internal Waters refer to the waters located at the landward side of a baseline and is completely under the sovereignty of a coastal state. However, the right of innocent passage of foreign-flag vessels is recognized in internal waters that are newly incorporated by establishing a straight baseline. Korea has a massive Internal Waters on its south-western coast where the straight baseline is adopted and has a wide Internal Waters that allows innocent passage. A foreign-flag vessel navigating the internal waters must be properly managed according to the interest of the coastal states such as the fishing·safety·security·environment around the Korean coast. Additionally, Territorial Sea comes under the sovereignty of a coastal state and it is a very important sea area for managing the interests of the coastal states. However, several collision accidents involving illegally anchored or drifted foreign-flag vessels have been occurring recently in the Korean Internal Waters and Territorial Sea, and such accidents are a threat to its interests. Thus, this paper analyzes the cases of collision of foreign-flag vessels that anchored or drifted without authorization, and examines domestic·international laws on the passage of foreign-flag vessel through Internal Waters and Territorial Waters. Finally, this paper suggests that unauthorized anchoring of foreign-flag vessels in Korean Internal Waters and Territorial Water violates the requirements for innocent passage and this violation is punishable according to related Acts; a desirable improvement plan for the legal system of passage through Internal Waters and Territorial Waters.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.31-38
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• 2008

Recently, Seoul residential real estate market showed a big change, especially in 2007. The residential property price in Seoul had been mainly affected by 5 provideces: Kangnam-gu, Seocho-gu, Songpa-gu, Gangdong-gu and Yangchun-gu, but these providences started to show the decrease in price while the other providences ironically showed the opposite direction. Therefore, this project was derived from this phenomenon recognition and the necessity as the new market trend requires. The pre-research was carried out with the point of social-population academic view, but this project provides the analysis on the new market trend by simplifying the complex valuation indexes, originated from the pre-research. In result, the aspects of the change could be categorized into time-manner classification and territorial-manner classification, in cope with the change in the satisfaction degree on the residential environment and the selection tendency of the residential property. Based on the the moving-preferred area criteria, the territorial classification was categorized into 3 areas: 5 providences, which showed the initial decrease in real estate price (area 1), the other Kangnam area (area 2), and Kangbuk area (area 3). The result illustrated the reasonable change in the satisfaction degree on the residential environment and the selection tendency of the residential property. This project was able to reach the following conclusion : Firstly, the housing development planning should be devised by the residential environment, including the view and the natural environment, not by the area. Secondly, the housing development planning in the other Kangnam area (area 2) and Kangbuk area (area 3) should embrace the business function, not the housing development only. Last, the housing development planning in Kangbuk area (area 3) should be able to enhance education and culture function and be connected by various transportation system. This project analyzes the change in the satisfaction degree on the residential environment and the selection tendency of the residential property. Thereafter, this project has the purpose of providing the aid in understanding of the basis of housing development information.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.252-266
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• 2004

This study analyzes the influence of the construction of a high-speed railroad on territorial organization in France. After development of a new transportation network, the French territorial organization has been largely modified. Many economic urban areas are modified by their position in the territorial hierarchy according to their condition of connection with the TGV network. At first, spatial convergence is the most important effect of the TGV network construction. Second, the development of a transportation network concentrated in the Paris area has influence as an intensified factor on metropolitan areas and as a weakening factor on middle- and small-sized cities. Thus, this system has risk in increasing territorial imbalance in France. Third, to implant an economic activity zone around new TGV stations, a new town or a new economic center starts to develop. This is going to grow into a second core outside of the old city center so that regional spatial organization is transformed from a mono-polarized(mono-centric) organization to a multi-polarized(polycentric) one. Lastly, the integration of the EU railroad system enhances the concentration of economic activity in European metropolitan areas as each metropolitan area tries to develop more competitive space for its rising position in the global urban hierarchical system.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.84-92
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• 2009

Sociological, technical, and organizational changes have affected the culture of business in many ways. These changes are now encouraging new concepts in the workplace environment such as emotional approaches for a more creative and humanistic workplace let alone enhancing image of the company. The aim of this study is to understand current situations of common office areas and serve as a stepping stone for designing more creative and stimulating work environments. The study first examines concepts of new office designs in our modem society, then defines categories such as territorial fuzziness, eco-friendly, fun and play. Secondly, by using content analysis as research tool the researchers have investigated how the conceptual categories and detailed design presentation methods are shown in workplace designs in Korea. Scope of study is limited to 39 office design projects from 2002-2008 presented in the Korean monthly magazine 'Interiors'. As results. territorial fuzziness was found to be most popular method while play the least. For application wise, meeting rooms, rest area and hallways were places where these concepts appear the most. Even though, these new approaches in office designs can be found in our domestic offices, still more experimental and active approach seems to be needed.