• ETRI Journal
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.239-242
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• 2006

In this letter, we propose a new functionality to scalable video coding (SVC), that is, the support of multiple region of interests (ROIs) for heterogeneous display resolution. The main objective of SVC is to provide temporal, spatial, and quality scalability of an encoded bitstream. The ROI is an area that is semantically important to a particular user, especially users with heterogeneous display resolutions. Less transmission bandwidth is needed compared to when the entire region is transmitted/decoded and then sub-sampled or cropped. To support multiple ROIs in SVC, we adopt flexible macroblock ordering (FMO), a tool defined in H.264, and based on it, we propose a way to encode and, independently, decode ROIs. The proposed method is implemented on the joint scalable video model (JSVM) and its functionality verified.

• 천문학회보
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.58.3-59
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• 2018

We investigate velocity oscillations in a solar quiet region by using the spectral data of the $H{\alpha}$ and Ca II $8542{\AA}$ lines. The data were acquired by the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph installed at the 1.6 m Goode Solar Telescope of Big Bear Solar Observatory. According to Chae & Litvinenko (2018)'s theoretical work, there is a correlation between dominant period of the oscillations and the temperature of the temperature minimum region in a non-isothermal atmosphere. In our study, we measure the temporal variations of the intensity and the line of sight Doppler velocity, and find out the relations between the intensity and dominant period of the oscillations. In addition, we investigate oscillations in a few distinct regions and discuss regional characteristics of the oscillations.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1994

The functional deformity following removal of the maxilla is considerable, especially following maxilla cancer excision. Rehabilitation of oral and maxillofacial region used to be very difficult with prosthesis or traditional flaps. Temporal muscle and fascia flaps have been described for immediate reconstruction following hemi-maxillectomy, but not total maxillectomy. The muscle and superficial fascia of the temporal area differ in their physical characteristics, vascular supply and clinical applications. Both can be employed independently or simultaneously as regional flaps in the reconstruction of a variety of complex craniofacial defects. Four case is presented in which 3 case maxilla cancer, one case non-union after maxilla fracture, and all case showed successful use of this flap. Only one patient developed partial necrosis of the flap ; significant necrosis did not occur in any other patient. This present paper reviews the anatomy, surgical technique and utilisation of temporal muscle and fascia flaps.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.222-227
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• 2011

Purpose: Autogenous particulate bone grafting is a type of autogenous bone graft that consists of small particles of cortical and cancellous bone. Autogenous particulate bone grafting has been used for calvarial bone defect after calvarial defect of craniosynostosis and prevention of temporal depression after fronto-orbital advancement. The results were followed up and studied for effectiveness of autogenous calvarial particulate bone grafting. Methods: Cranial vault remodeling and fronto-orbital advancement was performed for six craniosynostosis patient from August 2005 to October 2007. Autogenous particulate bone grafting was harvested from endocortex of separated cranial vault and if insufficient, from extocortex of occipital region using Hudson brace & D'Errico craniotomy bit and was grafted on the calvarial bone defect of cranial vault and temporal hollow. Fibrin glues were added to the harvested particulated bone for adherence and shaping of paticles. Results: Autogenous particulate bone grafting was followed-up at least longer than I year. The calvarial bony defects following primary cranial remodeling were successfully covered and postoperative temporal depressions after fronto-orbital advancement were also well prevented by grafted particulated bone. Conclusion: Autogenous calvarial particulate bone graft can be harvested in infants and young children with minimal donor site morbidity. It effectively heals cranial defects in children and during fronto-orbital advancement reduces the prevalence of osseous defects independent of patient age. It's easy and effective method of reconstruction of calvarial defect.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.5624-5638
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• 2016

A novel method based on Surf points is proposed to detect and lock-track single ground target in aerial videos. Videos captured by moving cameras contain complex motions, which bring difficulty in moving object detection. Our approach contains three parts: moving target template detection, search area estimation and target tracking. Global motion estimation and compensation are first made by grids-sampling Surf points selecting and matching. And then, the single ground target is detected by joint spatial-temporal information processing. The temporal process is made by calculating difference between compensated reference and current image and the spatial process is implementing morphological operations and adaptive binarization. The second part improves KALMAN filter with surf points scale information to predict target position and search area adaptively. Lastly, the local Surf points of target template are matched in this search region to realize target tracking. The long-term tracking is updated following target scaling, occlusion and large deformation. Experimental results show that the algorithm can correctly detect small moving target in dynamic scenes with complex motions. It is robust to vehicle dithering and target scale changing, rotation, especially partial occlusion or temporal complete occlusion. Comparing with traditional algorithms, our method enables real time operation, processing $520{\times}390$ frames at around 15fps.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.170-179
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the spatiotemporal cortical activation pattern and functional connectivity during visual perception of words. 61 channel recordings of electroencephalogram were obtained from 15 subjects while they were judging the meaning of Korean, English, and Chinese words with concrete meanings. We examined event-related potentials (ERP) and applied independent component analysis (ICA) to find and separate simultaneously activated neural sources. Spectral analysis was also performed to investigate the gamma-band activity (GBA, 30-50 Hz) which is known to reflect feature binding. Five significant ERP components were identified and left hemispheric dominance was observed for most sites. Meaningful differences of amplitudes and latencies among languages were observed. It seemed that familiarity with each language and orthographic characteristics affected the characteristics of ERP components. ICA helped confirm several prominent sources corresponding to some ERP components. The results of spectral and time-frequency analyses showed distinct GBAs at prefrontal, frontal, and temporal sites. The GBAs at prefrontal and temporal sites were significantly correlated with the LPC amplitude and response time. The differences in spatiotemporal patterns of GBA among languages were not prominent compared to the inter-individual differences. The gamma-band coherence revealed short-range connectivity within frontal region and long-range connectivity between frontal, posterior, and temporal sites.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.658-665
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• 2015

Temporal and spatial variation of soil moisture is important for understanding patterns of climate change, for developing and evaluating land surface models, for designing surface soil moisture observation networks, and for determining the appropriate resolution for satellite-based remote sensing instruments for soil moisture. In this study, we measured several soil moistures in upland soil using Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) Soil Moisture Content (SMC) during eight-month period in Chungbuk province. The upland soil moisture properties were expressed by simple statistical methods (average, standard deviation and coefficient of variation) from the monthly context. Supplementary studies were also performed about the effect of top soil texture on the soil moisture responses. If the results from this study were utilized well in specific cities and counties in Korea, it would be helpful to establish the countermeasures and action plans for preventing disasters because it was possible to compare with the relationship between soil moisture and top soil texture of each region. And it would be the fundamental data for estimating the effect of future agricultural plan.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.641-653
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• 2012

강원 영동지역의 천진호와 쌍호에서 확보한 석호 퇴적물을 분석한 결과, 천진호는 AD 780에, 쌍호는 100 BC에 벼농경이 개시된 것으로 추정된다. 두 지점이 멀지 않은 거리 내에 있고 해안으로 연결되어 있음에도 불구하고 벼농경 시작 시점에 큰 차이가 나타나고 있다. 이는 화분자료를 활용하여 특정지역 벼농경문화의 정확한 전파 시점을 파악하는 것이 쉽지 않음을 시사한다. 강원 영동 지역의 경우, 낮은 농경 생산성으로 말미암아 벼농경 문화가 최초로 전파된 시점과 벼농경이 본격적으로 시작된 시점 간에 시간적인 차이가 있었던 것으로 사료된다. 천진호 및 쌍호 분석 자료 모두에서 벼농경이 본격적으로 시작된 지 약 250년 후부터 농경지시화분들의 중요도가 더욱 커지고 산지의 침식이 빠르게 증가하는 모습이 나타난다. 이는 벼농경의 활성화로 인구가 증가함에 따라 저지대에서 산지로 거주지역의 확대가 나타났고 이로 인해 산림이 영향을 받았음을 시사한다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.15-29
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 공간적으로 분포되어 있는 연강우량 자료를 이용한 지역 기상학적인 가뭄을 정의하고 해석하는 모형을 제시하였다. 비선형. 비매개변수법에 기초한 공간 해석 신경망(Spatial Analysis Neural Network; SANN)모형을 이용하여, 각 년에 대하여 공간의 임의 점에서의 극심, 심 경심, 및 비 가뭄 확률을 전 대상 지역에 대하여 산출을 통하여 가뭄확률도를 작성하며, Bayesian 가뭄 심도 지수(BDSI)를 통하여 전 대상 지역을 가장 적적하게 극심, 심, 경심, 비 가뭄 지역으로 분류하는 방법을 제시하였다. 또한, 각 년의 대표적인 가뭄의 형태를 제시하여 줄 수 있는 지역 가뭄 확률과 지역 가뭄 확률 지수를 소개하였다. 이 모든 시공간적 가뭄 해석의 방법은 실제로 우리나라(남한) 전역에 대하여 실시하여, 과거 1967년부터 1996년 까지의 공간적이고 시간적인 가뭄의 발생 현황과 그 특징을 조사 하였다. 본 연구는 우리나라 장기 수자원 개발 및 유역 관리를 위한 공간적이고도 시간적인 가뭄 정보를 제공하였다는 데 그 의의가 있을 것이다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.41-53
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 동영상에서 시간과 공간특징을 선택적으로 사용한 ROI(Region of Interest) 탐지 시스템을 소개한다. 동영상에서 명암도, 색상 등과 같은 공간특징을 사용한 공간상의 현저도 뿐만 아니라 시간상의 현저도도 얻기 위하여 모션이라는 시간특징을 사용하였다. 본 시스템에서는 동영상이 입력되면 공간특징 및 시간특징을 탐지하고, 이 특징과 관련된 기존의 심리학적 연구결과를 바탕으로 이들을 분석한다. 이렇게 분석된 결과는 하나로 통합되어 이를 기반으로 ROI 영역을 탐지한다. 일반적으로 비디오 영상에서 움직이는 개체나 영역은 같은 영상 안의 다른 개체나 영역보다 먼저 주의가 가게 되므로, 본 시스템에서는 분석된 결과를 통합하는 데 있어 시간특징인 모션을 공간특징보다 우선하여 통합한다. 시스템의 성능 분석을 위하여 동일한 실험영상을 가지고 인간을 대상으로 한 심리학적 실험을 우선 수행하였으며, 이 결과를 기준으로 본 시스템에서 얻어진 결과를 비교하여 모형의 성능을 분석하였다. 실험결과 공간특징만을 사용했을 때 보다 시간특징을 같이 사용함으로써 시스템의 성능을 보다 향상시킬 수 있었다.