• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.113-141
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• 2000

The aim of this paper is to project the state of the labor farce and employment in Korea from 2000 to 2005. The labor market in Korea is experiencing significant changes with the rapid development of Information and Telecommunication Technology (ICT) and the transition of the Korean economy into a knowledge-based economy. On the labor supply side, it is expected that the growth of the labor force will be sluggish; baby boomers will become the middle-aged, while the proportion of senior citizens, the highly educated and the female labor force will grow fast. These changes will alter the human resources management system in business sectors. Moreover, the permanent employment relationship, the hierarchy system and the seniority-based wage system are all expected to change. On the labor demand side, the employment share in highly skilled. knowledge-intensive industries will grow faster than the rest of the economy in tandem with the quickly growing output share of these industries. Especially, more jobs will be created in the ICT industries. The proportion of labor in highly skilled and professional occupations will also grow faster than in other occupations. At the same time, the employment share of female workers will grow more quickly than that of the male workers. These changes, however, may worsen income inequalities and/or increase the unemployment rate when workers do not have the suitable skills or knowledge required by the knowledge-based economy. To avoid this, it is necessary for the government to build up a lifetime learning system for workers.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.8 no.spc1
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• pp.297-322
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• 2005

The paper aims to analyze the logic and power of open source software (OSS), and to show the ways in which Korean government and companies support developing countries in the field of software development. Many developing countries are considering software industry to be a strategic industry due to the fact that software industry seems to be labor-intensive, or rather knowledge-intensive industry. In this regard, developing countries without huge financial investment can achieve certain level of economic development while leveraging software industry. Concerning software development tools, among recent trends OSS has been regarded as a viable alternative software development tool for developing countries. In developing countries, OSS is believed to resolve some difficulties caused by proprietary software such as Microsoft Windows, which is too expensive to buy for users and developers in low-income developing countries. In this sense, OSS has been considered as only solution for software developing because OSS is able to reduce the cost of software development and to enhance the technological capabilities of developing countries. In addition to the benefit of low cost, we have to shed light on the business model of OSS that is not to sell software licence, but to provide technical support and services. In order to use OSS as much as they can, developing countries have to invest for educating human resources who can develop and implement software system using OSS. These OSS-related policies can lead developing countries to developed countries.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.23-36
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• 2013

Plant industry is one of technology-intensive and most prosperous industries in Korea because of its recent prosperity and promising outlook in export. However, no Korean EPC company has yet been well prepared in lifting their capacity sufficient enough to get the upstream conceptual or basic design and engineering orders for sizable plant projects which are known as the more value-added. If systems engineering, a methodology which developed complex systems such as airplanes and has been justified its effectiveness in Defense and NASA projects, can be integrated with plant engineering which should be developed and applied based on the requirements of so many stakeholders, conditions, lifecycle concepts, and constraints of the projects, huge synergic effect is expected particularly in developing a specific upstream design, which is a conceptual or basic design. The notion of integration with each other between systems engineering and plant engineering can be really the crux of EPC's success in any plant projects. This paper suggests an approach showing a methodology how to dig out, analyze, evaluate, verify and implement the stakeholders' requirements into a plant design in conceptual phase using the theory and skills of systems engineering. ISO/IEC 15288 well known systems engineering standards is used. Carbon capture system is used for a case study, for it is an emerging technology in reducing emissions of carbon dioxide causing global warming from flue gas after combustion. Here systems engineering was proven to play a substantial role in enhancing the capability of designers in developing a conceptual design of whole plant or certain part of crucial plant systems.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.35-48
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• 2014

According to the 2013 construction market outlook report, the liquidation of construction companies is expected to continue due to the ongoing residential construction recession. Bankruptcies of construction companies have a greater social impact compared to other industries. However, due to the different nature of the capital structure and debt-to-equity ratio, it is more difficult to forecast construction companies' bankruptcies than that of companies in other industries. The construction industry operates on greater leverage, with high debt-to-equity ratios, and project cash flow focused on the second half. The economic cycle greatly influences construction companies. Therefore, downturns tend to rapidly increase the bankruptcy rates of construction companies. High leverage, coupled with increased bankruptcy rates, could lead to greater burdens on banks providing loans to construction companies. Nevertheless, the bankruptcy prediction model concentrated mainly on financial institutions, with rare construction-specific studies. The bankruptcy prediction model based on corporate finance data has been studied for some time in various ways. However, the model is intended for all companies in general, and it may not be appropriate for forecasting bankruptcies of construction companies, who typically have high liquidity risks. The construction industry is capital-intensive, operates on long timelines with large-scale investment projects, and has comparatively longer payback periods than in other industries. With its unique capital structure, it can be difficult to apply a model used to judge the financial risk of companies in general to those in the construction industry. Diverse studies of bankruptcy forecasting models based on a company's financial statements have been conducted for many years. The subjects of the model, however, were general firms, and the models may not be proper for accurately forecasting companies with disproportionately large liquidity risks, such as construction companies. The construction industry is capital-intensive, requiring significant investments in long-term projects, therefore to realize returns from the investment. The unique capital structure means that the same criteria used for other industries cannot be applied to effectively evaluate financial risk for construction firms. Altman Z-score was first published in 1968, and is commonly used as a bankruptcy forecasting model. It forecasts the likelihood of a company going bankrupt by using a simple formula, classifying the results into three categories, and evaluating the corporate status as dangerous, moderate, or safe. When a company falls into the "dangerous" category, it has a high likelihood of bankruptcy within two years, while those in the "safe" category have a low likelihood of bankruptcy. For companies in the "moderate" category, it is difficult to forecast the risk. Many of the construction firm cases in this study fell in the "moderate" category, which made it difficult to forecast their risk. Along with the development of machine learning using computers, recent studies of corporate bankruptcy forecasting have used this technology. Pattern recognition, a representative application area in machine learning, is applied to forecasting corporate bankruptcy, with patterns analyzed based on a company's financial information, and then judged as to whether the pattern belongs to the bankruptcy risk group or the safe group. The representative machine learning models previously used in bankruptcy forecasting are Artificial Neural Networks, Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) and, the Support Vector Machine (SVM). There are also many hybrid studies combining these models. Existing studies using the traditional Z-Score technique or bankruptcy prediction using machine learning focus on companies in non-specific industries. Therefore, the industry-specific characteristics of companies are not considered. In this paper, we confirm that adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) is the most appropriate forecasting model for construction companies by based on company size. We classified construction companies into three groups - large, medium, and small based on the company's capital. We analyzed the predictive ability of AdaBoost for each group of companies. The experimental results showed that AdaBoost has more predictive ability than the other models, especially for the group of large companies with capital of more than 50 billion won.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.79-91
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• 1995

As an exit to solve the economic depression of the development countries in the early twentieth century, the 'old international division of labor' developed. The economic crisis(i.e., under-consumption crisis) was due to the absence of the mode of regulation compatible with the extensive regime of accumulation(i.e., "Fordist" regime). The crisis was solved by the state intervention through the creation on institutions in order to increase the level of consumption. Until the late 1960s when "high Fordism" reached(i.e., a harmonious relation between the monopoly mode of regulation and the intensive accumulation of capital), the developed core countries enjoyed a remarkable economic growth. The external market was not a necessity for the economic growth because there were increases in labor productivity and proportional increases in real wages and thus increases in consumption level. In the 1970s, however, the core faced with economic crisis again. Due to the breakdown of the postwar "Fordist" regime of capital accumulation and the post 1973 world depression, the core needed the Third World as a solution for their internal and international economic crisis. Thus the 'new international division of labor'(NIDL) arose. The "Fordist" method of production(i.e., the divisions of production process) led to the territorial division of labor and to the detailed division of labor. The aim of the NIDL is to exploit reserve armies of labor on a world scale and thus to reduce production costs. According to the NIDL model, the Third World countries have been developing by the core countries' investment on mainly labor-intensive industries and thus have been playing an important role in the global economy. And the NIDL theorists argue that multinational corporations have increasingly invested in the Third World nations and contributed to the economic growth in those regions. Tables presented in the paper show that the global trend since the 1970s does not follow the argument exactly as the NIDL theorists predicted. On the contrary, the core countries focus on developing technology, adopting the automation of production process, and trading within the core countries rather than on investing in the periopheral countries. The continuing investment of multinational corporations into the periphery is not because of cheap labor force but because of the market potentials in the regions. Majority of corporations of the core tries to reduce production costs by investing in technological development more intensively and also by changing regional strategies (i.E., investment from metropolitan areas to medium - or small - size cities, focusing on agglomeration economy, boosting regional diversification, etc.) within their own countries. The main purpose of the paper is to review and to criticize the NIDL theory based on some empirical data.IDL theory based on some empirical data.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.13 no.1 s.19
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• pp.101-107
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• 2007

Aims: We have examined and analyzed trends of acupuncture related patents to understand the status of acupuncture technology and research trends of acupuncture in major countries including Korea, the United States, European Union and Japan. Methods: To analyze the patents, we searched and analyzed the total of 1,048 on-line DB based patents under time limit of July, 2006. Results: According to the search results, Korea is mostly superior compared to the others in number of domestic patents. However, Korea patents is inferior in number of international patents and leave much to be desired in industrial applications because of low patents barrier of personal patents and the absence of prospective clients. In addition, in this study, we show an index of international competitiveness and preliminary data of necessity of international cooperation in a field of acupuncture researches. Conclusion: These data suggest that Korea has strong possibility to recover competitiveness for guaranteeing valuable patents, if there are international cooperation and intensive managements of industries in advanced country markets.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.327-338
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• 2002

Nowadays, in accordance with our information-oriented society, industries based on digital Technology have been quickly developing all over the world. This industryhas been playing an important role in improving the quality of peoples'lives so far and will continue to do so, both culturally and socially through industrial and economic aspects. Particularly, the electronic game, on e of the representatives, is providing an intensive value-added segment to the entertainment industry. Games are deeply rooted in people's lives and have a big influence on the industry, society and culture, even our life styles. Consequently, this study is investigating change the electronic game by the times and analyzing the game entity. It is based on the research and analysis of the transition of electronic games in each era. From now on, we will look forward, using previous material in an attempt to forecast the right direction of electronic game design in the future.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.234-241
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• 2008

The feature of the hotel business as a labor intensive industry and its heavy dependence on man power is relatively bigger than other industries. the important factors influencing the customer`s decision making are tangible facilities and intangible service qualities. however, the changes in economic situation are also seriously influencing them. So hotels are started to find other IT(information technology) systems. BSC which has been recognized as one of barometers to establish management performance is one of them. The purpose of this study was to develop KPI(key performance indicator) by using the BSC(Balanced Scorecard) for evaluating hotel management performance. This thesis presents customer performance, inner process performance, learning and growing performance as non-financial factors and tries to examine the cause and effect in the hotel industry. Hotels have to know nonfinancial performance which has positively relate to financial performance. To introduce BSC system is not to lead increasing income and bettermenting service quality, satisfacting customer needa for hotels, But to lead developing value enhancement to hotel enterprises and present process.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.97-116
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• 2013

The environmental problems such as global climate chage, global wamning, ozone depletion, environmental pollution have been caused by the rapid economic growth, increasing in use of fossil fuels for industralization and scientific technology development. Between Environmental Preservation and Economic Development, the new paradigm, "Sustainable Development" is presented to the world now. To achieve global environmental objectives, some multilateral envrionment mental agreements includes trade regulation. However Kyoto Protocol has no provisions to regulate trade and is not in force yet. By the effectuation of the Kyoto Protocol, Korea will be faced very serious situation because of her high Dependency on Foreign Trade and Fossil Fuel- intensive Industries. We must be able to gain a sense of ownership in the out come of the WTO/CTE discussions by contributing meaningfully to the creation of a constructive relationship between Trade and Environment concerns.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 2021

The cosmetic industry is technology-intensive in the field of fine chemistry and continues to grow globally. The functional aspects have been mainly emphasized in the past to increase the market share in these cosmetics industries. Recently, however, efforts have been made to attract the attention of consumers to the visual effects as well as the excellent performance of cosmetics at home and abroad. Accordingly, cosmetic manufacturers are trying various technologies that encapsulate the cosmetic emulsion and modify the shape, color, and texture of the emulsion capsule. The basic and easiest method of encapsulating emulsion is dropping the emulsion through the nozzle from emulsion storage. On the other hand, the existing method of encapsulating emulsion has a limit in reducing the size of the capsule. In this study, the limit was shown by theory and numerical analysis method, and the emulsion encapsulation phenomena occurring in the micro-channel were studied to apply microfluidics as an alternative.