• Korea Trade Review
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.193-213
• /
• 2023

The impact of each country's environmental protection and climate change policies on trade is increasing. The strengthening of trade barrier resulted in an increase of Technical Barriers to Trade(TBTs). This international trend carries important implications for Korean manufacturers, which is highly dependent on trade. Discussions on the trade effects of TBT are still ongoing. This study that quantitatively analyzed the effect of TBT on trade have employed a gravity model. As a result of the analysis using the basic model, it was found that the effect of environmental TBT notifications on trade is positive(+) overall. However, the electrical machinery and equipment·electronics industries are negatively affected by environmental TBT. There is a pressing need to preemptively identify the impact of environmental TBT in major countries on the exports of Korean manufacturing industries in order to strengthen the competitiveness of domestic industries and pursue countermeasures.

• Korea Trade Review
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.287-305
• /
• 2019

The export of agricultural, fisheries, and food products acts as an engine of growth for developing countries in particular. However, exporting these items is easier said than done since issues of certification and inspection, so-called technical barriers to trade (TBT) and sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS), in developed markets have worked as major obstacles for exports. This paper examines the institutional aspects and recent trends of South Korea's TBT/SPS-related cases against exporting firms of the developing countries. We suggest a win-win partnership model that can promote cooperative synergies between Korea and developing employing trade-related technical cooperation or ODA (Official Development Aid). Technical cooperation such as the provision of on-spot field consulting services on TBT/SPS-related issues for exporting firms and Korean OEM firms of developing countries can lead to mutual gains. This cooperative partnership can create gains from "the trade-development nexus" for both sides while promoting sustainable trade and investment relationships between Korea and developing countries.

• Journal of Korea Trade
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.61-82
• /
• 2022

Purpose - This study analyzed the effect of obtaining international products and qualification certification on exports according to the suitability evaluation system. Recently, non-tariff barriers have emerged as technical barriers, and the Biden administration is trying to achieve export growth and economic growth by utilizing the demand for conformity assessment following the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the free trade system from the perspective of Korea. Design/methodology - This study analyzed the effect of a manufacturer's product certification acquisition on a company's export performance using Resource-Based View-based multiple regression analysis. To this end, concentration validity was confirmed through Factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha, and correlation analysis was performed to verify discriminant validity. Findings - Product certification and qualification have a positive impact on the company's export performance. In particular, technological dynamism and relationship control have had a significant impact. Originality/value - Considering that the Conformity Assessment Management Act will take effect in earnest in 2022, this study is believed to suggest that companies that have been certified to meet international standards may improve their export performance and increase their value in the future. International market.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.119-134
• /
• 2022

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to expound the packaging framework system(PFS) under international trade rules. Design/methodology/approach - This study analyzed packaging framework system and packaging regulations and technical standards in international regulations and major countries and classified these in some standards Findings - First, the study provides packaging provisions associated with packaging regulations and technical standards (PRTS). Then, the basis of PFS in international trade rules was proposed; it is believed that the PFS was composed of packaging legal system in WTO institutional framework (WTO-PLS), international organization packaging standard system (IO-PSS) and major countries or regions packaging regulatory system (MCR-PRS). Secondly, this paper expounded relations and legal characteristics of the three packaging systems. Finally, This study investigated PRTS coverage under technical barriers to trade (TBT) and Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures (SPS). Research implications or Originality - The regulations associated with PRTS have played a key role in challenges to merchandise trade in international trade. This study has significance in classifying packaging related reticulations into several criteria unlike previous studies. Therefore it is hope that this study can provide a supplementary document for the existing research of PRTS.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.63-83
• /
• 2003

This paper's objective is to provide insights about the problems and expansion strategies of electronic trade. Korean small and medium-sized firms have adopted the Internet since the end of 1990s in order to reshape their competitiveness, and it is now being utilized as a major export marketing instrument to develop new customers, save export transaction costs ad facilitate new work processes. However, at present, the use of the internet in the field of trading is limited to the collection of market information, owing to legal, technical and institutional restraints between countries. In addition to that, because firms have the difficulties in making the trade contract through the e-trade system, the negative recognition on its' utility has been spreaded gradually between companies. This is one of the barriers to block the expansion of e-Trade between Korean firms. Therefore, this paper points out the problems of e-trade in the environmental, institutional and strategic view and provides many considerations for establishing the expansion strategy of e-trade by the Korean government and trade supporting institutions.

• Product Safety
• /
• s.104
• /
• pp.68-77
• /
• 2002

지난 7월 12일(금) 산업자원부 신환국 장관 주재로 산업기술진흥회의가 개최되었다. 이날 회의는 95년 WTO출범 이후 Global Market이 출현하면서 세계시장은 Global Standards시대로 진입하여 세계 경제환경은 무역, 기술, 표준이 서로 영향을 미치는 융화합 단계로 급진전하였고 아울러 세계시장의 통합화에 따른 무역상기술장벽(TBT : Technical Barriers to Trade)제거를 위한 기술표준의 동질화가 심화되고 있다. 이에

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.323-341
• /
• 2007

International trade conflict has been increased since WTO has appeared. Like this, the cause that the number of international trade conflict has been increased is by means of enlargement of agreements range. But some new facts have been added. They are Anti-dumping, subsidy, Countervailing duty, Safeguard, the norm of intellectual property right, the procedure of permitting importing products, Technical Barriers, agricultural products, and the area of textile. Since Japanese government has decided to give lavor import quarters to China without permission of Korea, Korean government formally presented the system of lavor import quarter to WTO DSB due to WTO agreement disobedience of Japan. Accordingly, this paper has the following purpose; to analyze situation on fiber dispute of Japan. Some methods about trade barrier against Japan need to be solved from another viewpoint owing to lavor IQ dispute.

• East Asian Economic Review
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.33-71
• /
• 2021

Many different approaches and databases have been developed for the evaluation of non-tariff measures (NTMs) and free trade agreements (FTAs). This paper is devoted to the EU-South Korea agreement, which is the first 'second-generation' FTA of the EU, addressing a wide array of non-tariff policies. We review the evolution of NTM types applicable to the EU-South Korea trade relationship and the role of NTMs in ex-ante and ex-post analyses of the agreement. Subsequently a structural gravity model is employed to assess the value added of information on different aspects of FTAs and types of NTMs by evaluating their ability to predict the trade effects of the EU-South Korea FTA. Our results show that, when accounting for information on the components common in modern deep trade agreements, no additional trade effect is attributable to the EU-South Korea FTA. The evolution of NTMs differs considerably across indicators used, but trade predictions are hardly affected. Most specifications point towards a negative effect of bilateral differences in the number of technical barriers to trade (TBT) applied and sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS) against which trading partners issued complaints at the WTO.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.239-248
• /
• 2017

As China has rapid economic growth and the increase of national income that makes the development of Chinese cosmetic industry has huge market potential of the industry. But most of the cosmetics market is monopolized by foreign companies, the local cosmetics production enterprises are not equipped with professional production equipment. In these reasons Chinese cosmetics have low quality, inadequate research and development, poor cosmetics brand, unclear marketing, trade and technical barriers and other issues. In order to fulfill the purpose of this paper, data analysis was carried out focusing on domestic & foreign research papers, statistics, reference books, research reports, internet websites etc. As a result of the analysis, in order to increase the export of Chinese cosmetics, it should be strengthened the development of manufacturing technology and brand creativity, eradicating illegal copies, use the online market circulation way, the construction scheme, and cosmetic technical barriers and deregulation should be through the diversification of propaganda, etc. This paper describes that the project of Chinese cosmetics export increase and find the inspirations from other products of export. But national, regional specific programs which have huge information is the future research topics.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.12
• /
• pp.615-641
• /
• 1999

Trade and the environment emerged as a major and complex issue for trade negotiators in the final stages of the Uruguay Round negotiations. The agreements and other international measures employing trade measures and trade sanctions for achieving global environmental objectives are Vienna Convention on the Protection of the Ozone Layer(1985), the Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer(1987), The Framework Convention on Climate Change(1992), the Convention on Biological Diversity(1992), the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Waste and their Disposal(1992), the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Faunna and Flora(1975), the Rio Declaration, the Agenda 21, etc. The texts of the World Trade Organization(WTO) incorporated certain provisions which were designed to reflect some of the environmental concerns are Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Properity Rights(TRIPs), Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs), the General Agreement on Trade in Services(GATS), and Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT) There is the possibility of conflict between multilateral environmental agreements and WTO agreements granting waivers against trade measures and sanctions. This remains a possibility, especially between countries which are Member of WTO and which are not Members of the relevant multilateral environment agreements, and countries which are Members of both the WTO and the relevant MEAs. Measures taken under the trade-related provisions of MEAs could potentially give rise to conflicts under obligations arising in WTO texts. If the parties in dispute are WTO members while they are not members of MEAs, the WTO provisions can be granted a certain priority in terms of international norms and vice versa. When the parties concerned are both WTO members and MEAs, it will be rational to grant the WTO provisions a priority. However, such measures should neither constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination between countries where similar conditions prevail, nor create a disguised restriction on trade. Also any trade measures taken should be necessary to prevent developments in trade from endangering the effectiveness of an MEA and they should be proportional and least trade restrictive.