• Title/Summary/Keyword: Technical Barriers to Trade

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The method for applying International Standards to Korean Industrial Standards in Construction fields - The standards of sampling and testing the fresh concrete - (건설분야에서 국내표준과 국제표준의 부합화 방안 - 콘크리트 시료채취와 시험방법에 대한 규격을 중심으로 -)

  • Lee Teck-wn;Kuk Chan-ho;Han Choong-hee
    • Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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    • v.2 no.4 s.8
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    • pp.107-116
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    • 2001
  • As the international trade has been increased, unified worldwide standards are getting more important and necessary. At the TBT(Agreement on Technical Barrier to Trade) of WTO(World Trade Organization) and the CTI meeting of APEC(Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation), they made an agreement with applying International Standards to National Standards gradually. In addition, ISO (International Organization for Standardization) established the ISO/IEC Guide 21, a guideline for applying International Standards to National Standards. In these environment, Korean Industrial Standards has to be prepared for it. This paper introduce the comparison between Korean Industrial Standards and ISO Standards about the standards of sampling and testing the fresh concrete, based on ISO/IEC Guide 21 by ISO and the Applying guideline by Korean Agency for Technology and Standards, and then discuss the problem about applying them. The overall objective is to establish the applying guideline on construction fields, which is civil and building engineering part(KS F) of Korean Industrial Standards.

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The Analysis on Standardization Competition between a Leader and a Follower and their strategies through Dynamic Incomplete Information Game (Dynamic Incomplete Information Game을 이용한 선도기업과 추종기업 간의 표준화 경쟁과 전략 분석)

  • Park, Wung;Kwak, Yong-Won;Min, Jae-Hong
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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    • 2003.05a
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    • pp.804-807
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    • 2003
  • Recently, standardization is essential strategic tool for a firm to preoccupy a market. Also WTO TBT(Technical Barriers to Trade) makes importance of standardization greater in telecommunication industry. Therefore countries, not to speak of firms, recognize standards essential strategy to preoccupy markets. In this paper, we will examine the standardization competition between a leader and a follower and their strategies through dynamic incomplete information game model.

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Development of Performance Evaluation System for the High Speed EFEM (고속 EFEM의 성능평가시스템 개발)

  • Cho, Jeong-Hwan;Roh, Hee-Jung
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.27-32
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    • 2010
  • This paper suggests the new performance evaluation system which is suitable for high speed EFEM(Equipment Front End Module) device using a semiconductor process. An EFEM consisting of multi-joint robots is the mainstay of semiconductor automation, shuffling silicon wafers or quartz photo-masks between ultra-clean storage carriers and a variety of processing, measurement and testing systems. The theoretical and experimental studies for the development of performance evaluation system have been carried out. The presented results from the above investigation show considerably developed performance evaluation system for the high speed EFEM Especially, it is efficient for prepareing the WTO/TBT(Technical Barriers to Trade) Agreement and the PL(Product Liability) law.

The Impacts of Technology Transfer on Productivity Growth of Firms based on Malmquist Productivity Index

  • Han, Jaeseung;Kwon, Youngkwan;Lee, Sang-Yong Tom
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.542-560
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    • 2016
  • This study determines whether or not firms can achieve high productivity growth through external technology acquisition. It also identifies the key factors affecting adopting firms' productivity growth by employing the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) methodology, which features computational ease, low data dependency, and decomposition of productivity growth into technical efficiency change and technical change. Results showed that the effects of productivity growth arising from technology transfer became stronger over time. Moreover, patent transfer guaranteed firms' productivity growth, but no evidence was found that factors such as age and size could increase productivity. Finally, cultural similarity could be another factor conditioning the effectiveness of technology transfer in the productivity of adopting firms.

Comparison of the Current Migration Testing Regulations for Plastic Containers and Packaging Materials in EU, USA and Korea or Japan (유럽연합, 미국, 한국 및 일본의 합성수지 용기.포장재에 대한 현행 이행실험 규정 비교)

  • Lee, Keun-Taik;Lee, Chang-Sung
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.42-58
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    • 1999
  • Packaging materials and articles that are used in food contact applications can transfer constituents in the foodstuffs. This kind of risk of possible health hazards to consumers has been generally recognized for a long time with the consequence of establishing corresponding food regulations in most developed countries. However, the language of these laws, their interpretation, and their level of enforcement vary from country to country. Accordingly, the actual migrating levels from packaging materials can be varied depending on the migration testing methods as prescribed in the national legislation in each countries. Therefore, there are needs of elimination of non-tariff trade barriers raised by sanitary and phytosanitary or technical measures under the Final Act of the UR Agreement. In this connection, the EU and USA are currently in an ongoing process of legislation harmonization to overcome potential barriers to free trade. In general, regulations governing component transfer in the USA are more complicated and comprehensive than similar regulations in Europe. In future, standard migration testing procedures for microwave heat susceptor materials and for the use of fatty food simulant should be established and also harmonized among countries. The objective of this investigation is to compare the current regulations for migration testing for plastic containers and packaging materials in USA, EU and Korea or Japan. For those regulations, Korean standards are required to be kept up with the international standards. By doing this, the related Korean regulation could be amended along with the worldwide progress for harmonization.

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A Study on Labelling for GM foods under the WTO system: Focused on improvements for Korean GM food labelling (WTO체제에서 유전자변형식품의 표시제도에 관한 연구: 우리나라 GM식품 표기의 개선방안을 중심으로)

  • Yang, Jung-Mi
    • Korea Trade Review
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    • v.43 no.5
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    • pp.179-201
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    • 2018
  • Food labelling rules reflect the interaction of a number of factors such as industry needs for marketing flexibility and minimal regulations, consumer's rights to know what is in the product and public health concerns. However, food labelling rules could apply to international trade as non-tariff barriers so it is necessary to make multilateral harmonization of food labelling rules. For this, GATT XX, SPS, and TBT of the WTO can serve as jurisprudence in agreements. Lgnoring the safety problems of GM food, which is currently a worldwide issue, it is a situation that needs international harmonization of GM food labelling methods, harmonization of technical terms which are used in Korean law, and clear interpretation criteria for GM food labelling methods and contents are vital for sustainable trade in agricultural products. Therefore, this study proposes interpretation criteria through major trade countries' GM food labelling methods and an examination of Korean law. Furthermore, this study proposes international harmonization guidelines for GM food in the future.

Pork Preference for Consumers in China, Japan and South Korea

  • Oh, S.H.;See, M.T.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.143-150
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    • 2012
  • Competition in global pork markets has increased as trade barriers have opened as a result of free trade agreements. Japanese prefer both loin and Boston butt, while Chinese prefer pork offal. Frozen pork has increased in terms of imports into China. Japanese consumers consider pork meat origin along with pork price when making purchase decisions. While the Chinese prefer a strong tasting pork product, South Korean consumers show very strong preferences to pork that is higher in fat. Therefore, South Korean consumers have a higher demand for pork belly and Boston butt. Consequently, the supply and demand of pork in Korea is hardly met, which means that importation of high fat parts is inevitable. In Korea there is lower preference toward low fat parts such as loin, picnic shoulder, and ham. During the economic depression in South Korea there have been observable changes in consumer preferences. There remains steep competition among the pork exporting countries in terms of gaining share in the international pork market. If specific consumer preferences would be considered carefully, there is the possibility to increase the amount of pork exported to these countries.

A Study on the Practical Approach of European Union's Market Access through the Understanding of Tariffs and Non-Tariff Barriers in European Union (EU의 관세 및 비관세 장벽 이해를 통한 EU시장 개척 방안)

  • Jung, Jae-Woo;Lee, Kil-Nam
    • International Commerce and Information Review
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.191-225
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    • 2014
  • Most of all, this paper analyzes the current situation of EU(European Union) and ascertain EU's economic condition in terms of tariff lines and non-tariff barriers. and the purpose of this article is to find out the problems of EU's tariff lines and non-tariff barriers. Next, We suggest some future direction of export promotion from Korea to EU more largely for our companies. First, this paper describes the characteristics and outline of EU. The EU is a politico-economic union of 28 member states that are primarily located in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community(ECSC) and the European Economic Community(EEC), formed by the Inner Six countries in 1951 and 1958, respectively. After that, The Maastricht Treaty established the European Union under its current name in 1993. The latest major amendment to the constitutional basis of the EU, the Treaty of Lisbon, came into force in 2009. There are a combined population of over 500 million inhabitants and generated a nominal gross domestic product(GDP) of 16.692 trillion US dollars in EU. The results are as follows ; First of all, In terms of tariff lines and customs duties, Our companies have to know precisely EU's real tariff lines and other customs duties, and such as value added tax and exercise tax, corporate tax regulated by EU commission and EU's 28 members. second, our companies have to confirm EU's non-tariff barriers. such as RoHS, WEEE, REACH. These non-tariff barriers could be hindrances or obstacles to trade with foreign companies in other countries. We perceive all companies exporting to EU are related with these Technical Barriers to Trade irrespective of their nationality. So, Our companies fulfill the requirements of EU Commission concerning safety, health, environment etc. Also, Our companies choose market-driven strategy to export more largely than before in the field of marketing and logistics.

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Effect of Technology Commercialization Factors on Small and Medium Enterprises Performance (기술상용화 요인이 중소기업 성과에 미치는 영향)

  • Jo, Ki Dong;Kim, Jun Woo
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.12 no.9
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    • pp.83-92
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    • 2014
  • In 21st century, firms are to face mitigating trade barriers between countries as well as to survive among harsh business environment. Also this phenomenon is expanding and gradually faster because the global competition become to intensify and there are significant technology changes. Therefore, in this study, technology commercialization factors on the technological achievement and on the financial performance were investigated in the small and medium enterprises. Firstly, the study finds that technology commercialization factor such as financial resources, human resources, strategic factors corporate financial performance show statistically significant(+). Secondly, the technology commercialization factors such as financial resources, human factors on the technical achievements in the enterprises show statistically significant(+). That means the technology commercialization of factors such as the financial resources as well as the human resources affect the technical performance of the enterprises.

International Standard for the Banking, Brokerage and Insurance Industries

  • Jung, Yong Gyu;Seo, Weon Joon;Jung, Ga-Woon;Choi, Byeong Cheol;Dollein, Richard
    • International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.20-24
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    • 2014
  • As the standards organization under ISO responsible for the development of all international financial services standards, ISO/TC 68 plays a key role in the development and adoption of new technologies in the banking, brokerage and insurance industries. In this paper many of its current work projects are introduced for developing ecommerce standards. We need to discuss the recommendations on XML conversion with ISO and other international standard organizations. Each country try to adopt the international standards even though domestic technical standards and barriers. To solve this problem of interworking between these standards, harmonization activities are nedded. For development and distribution of electronic documents to be conformed to international standards, it is enough to have the role of international activities continue to supply part of the domestic industry and the trends in participation and international standard.Our principal focus is on facilitating national and international trade, through the simplification and harmonization of processes, procedures and information flows, and so contributing to the growth of global commerce.