• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.155-163
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to determine the association between blood lipids, fibrinogen, fasting blood sugar, lifestyle-related factors and lipoprotein(a). This study was performed with 140 healthy adults (male:80, female:60) among the teachers in primary, middle, and high school in Seoul in November 1996. Lipoprotein(a) concentration was measured with an enzyme-linked-immunosorbents assay(ELISA), and the results showed that the distribution was highly skewed and the average concentrations of male and female were $16.94{\pm}12.70\;mg/dL\;and\;17.92{\pm}7.58\;mg/dL$, respectively. The percentage of subject with lipoprotein(a) concentrations higher than 30 mg/dL was 26.4%. Univariate analysis showed significant association between lipoprotein(a) and age, alcohol, meat, and NaCl consumption (p<0.05). In multivariate analysis, lipoprotein(a) correlated positively with age (p<0.05) and meat consumption (p<0.01). These data suggest that lifestyle-related factors may affect the lipoprotein(a) concentration regarded as a risk factor of atherosclerosis disease.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.150-155
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• 2006

This study observes information education of facilities for the disabled. A certain facility for the disabled was selected in Daejeon to compare the educational environment for visually disabled of regular school for visually disabled and facilities for the disabled, and then personnel current situation by age and form of the disabled, teacher current situation by age, computer possessing current situation, weekly education schedule for the disabled, and equipment possessing current situation for visually disabled were observed. As a result, expansion of Braille education was necessary for the Braille skilled, which is the basis of information education information to visually disabled is insufficient, and forming of learning environment was desperate since equipment necessary for computer education was absurdly lacking unlike regular schools. Also, only 10 out of 21 teachers(47%) majored in social welfare or special education, and none majored in computer. It is because support for employment of those who majored social welfare, special education, and computer is insufficient compared to treatment for teachers at general schools at the facility for the disabled since teacher employment regulation at the facility for the disabled is not set. It is studied that providing high-quality of education environment to the disabled was desperate through physical and social treatment that suits nurturing of the professionally knowledge personnel through expansion of equipments and constant education and training based on government support to promote information education of the facility for the disabled.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.54-66
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• 1988

I. Introduction Since the 1970's drug abuse among young people has increasingly become a social problem in Korea. In the 1980's, drug abuse, especially glue sniffing, has become the cause of many unfortunated incidents resulting in harm to others as well as the abusers themselves. Taking into consideration of the seriousness of this problem, the Republic of Korea National Red Cross initiated a nation-wide research programme, to understand the present situation and to raise the level of public awareness. The goal of this research was to begin a nation - wide campaign against drug abuse. The research team was composed of the Advisary Committee members and the staff of the Youth Department of the Republic of Korea National Red Cross. The data were collected in February 1988 with the collaboration of the staff and volunteers in the local Chapters. The respondents were allocated nation-wide by the quota sampling method. The questionnaires were distributed to the respondents in three groups :2, 700 to junior and senior high school students, 605 to working youths, and 916 to delinquent youths. A total of 4, 221 questionnaires were collected. II. Characteristics of the Respondents The respondents in each group were selected evenly from rural and urban areas. The general characteristics of the respondents can be described as follow: in case of students, the proportions between male and female respondents, and between senior high school and junior high school students were almost evenly distributed. In case of working youths, the proportion of females (80.5%) was higher than those of the students and the delinquents groups. Delinquent youths were defined as those currently being under custody of the centers for juvenile delinquents. Of this number, 38.8% and 68.2% were junior and senior high school drop-outs respectively. The majority of them (92.6%) were male. As for the family background of the respondents, the proportion of those residing in poverty - stricken areas, and the proportion of those from broken families were higher in case of working youths and delinquent youths than those in case of students. III. Present Patterns of Drug Abuse The following summarizes the presents of drug abuse, as tabulated from the results of the survey. 1. Smoking The percentage of youths who smoke was 36% in the student group, 32% m the working youths group, and 94.4% in the delinquent youths group. 2. Alcohol 50.3% of students, 71.6% of working youths, and 93.3% of delinquent youths has experienced drinking alcohol beverages. 3. Tonic: non - alcoholic, caffeinated beverages popular in Korea and Japan The percentage of those who have used tonic at least once was over 90% in all of the three groups. 4. Sedative About 70% of each group has used sedative with the proportion of working youths use higher than those in other groups. 5. Stimulants Those who have used stimulants comprised around 15% in each group. 6. Tranquilizers Somewhat less than 5% of students and working youths, and 28% of delinquent youths, have used tranquilizers. 7. Hypnotics The users of hypnotics amounted to 0.4% of students, 2.6% of working youths and 7.1% of delinquent youths. 8. Marihuana Those who have used marihuana indicated 0.7% of students, 0.8% of working youths, and 13% of delinquent youths. 9. Glue-sniffing The percentage of glue-sniffing was 3.7%, 5% in the students group and in the youths group respectively, but the proportion was unusually high, at 40.7% in the delinquent youths group. From the results of the survey the present situation of drug abuse in Korea can be summarized as follows: 1. A high percentage of Korean youths have experienced smoking cigarettes and drinking alcoholic beverages. 2. Tonics (non - alcoholic, caffeinated beverages), antipyretic analgesics and stimulants quite regularly used. 3. Tranquilizers, hypnotics, marihuana and glue-sniffing are more widely used among delinquent youths than the other youths. From this fact, there exists a correlation between drug abuse and juvenile delinquency. IV. Time-series Analysis of the First Experience of Drug Abuse and Deviant Behaviour The respoundents were asked when they were first exposed to drugs and when they committed deviant acts. By calculating the average age of each experience, the following pattern was found (See Figure 1). Youths are first exposed to drugs by abuse of tonic(non - alcoholic, caffeinated beverages). At the age of 13, they amoke cigarettes, the use of antipyretic analgesics begins at 14 year old, while at the age of 15, they use tranquilizers, and at 16 hynotics. The period of drug abuse which starts from drinking caffeinated beverages and smoking cigarettes and ends in the use of hypnotics takes about three years. During this period, other delinquent behaviours begin to surface, that is, at the age of 13 when smoking cigarettes begins, the delinquent behaviour pattern starts with truancy. Next, they start taking money from others by using physical force. Prior to the age of 15, they are suspended from school, become hostile to adults, begin running away from home, and start using stimulants and alcohol. Soon they become involved even in glue-sniffing and in the use of marihuana. At the age of 15, they begin to see adult videos and carry weapons. Sexual promiscuity and usage of tranquilizers follows the viewing of adult videos. Consequently, by the time they reach the age of 16, they visit drinking establishments, and are picked up by police for committing delinquent acts. And finally, they come to use hypnotic - type drugs. From the above descriptions, drug abuse can be assumed to have a close correlation with delinquent behaviour. V. Social Factors Related to Drug Abuse As for the Korean youths, glue-sniffing is found to he related to aggressive delinquency, in such cases as run - aways, being picked up by the police, and taking money by force. Smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol is found to be related to seeing adult videos and visiting drinking establishments. Hypnotics and marihuana were found to be representive of drugs which are related to degenerational delinquency, irrespective of social delinquency. The social factors connected with these drug abuse are as follows: 1. Individual factors Male students were more heavily involved in the usage of drug than females. Youths who do not attend church were more likely to be involved in drugs than those who attend. 2. Family factors The youths who were displeased with their mothers smoking and those who thought their parents did not love each other, or those whose parents had used drugs without prescription, were more likely to he drug users. 3. School factors Those youths who found school life boring, were unsuccessful in their studies, spend most of their time with friends, feel their teachers smoke too much, those who had a positive perception of their teachers smoking were likely to he drug users. To sum up, drug abusers depend on the influence of their parents, teachers and peers. IV. Reasons for Drug Abuse Korean students have mainly used drugs to release stress (42.8%), to stay awake (19.7%), and because of the easy accessibility of drugs( 16.6%). Other reasons are due to their ignorance of the side effects of the drugs (3.6%), natural curiosity (4.2%), and to increase strength(3.O%). From the above facts, the major reasons for drug abuse among Korean youths are to release stress and to stay awake in order to prepare exams. Furthermore, since drugs are readily available, we can conclude that drug abuse is caused by the school system(such as entrance exams) in Korea. VII. Conclusion Drug usage among Korean youths are relatively less common than those of western youths. In some cases, such as, glue-sniffing and use of stimulants, the pattern of drug abuse is found. Moreover, early drug abuse is evident, and it has a close connection with deviant behaviour, resulting in juvenile delinquency. Drug abuse cannot be attributed to any one social factor. Specifically, drug abuse depends on parents, peers, teachers and other members of the community, and also is influenced by social institutions such as the entrance exam system. Every person and organization concerned with youth must participate collectively in restraining drug abuse. Finally, it is suggested that social agencial working for youth welfare should make every effort to tackle this serious problem confronted by the Korean youths today.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.21-36
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• 1983

It is assumed that menarche is affected not only by the biological factors such as nutrition and genetic heritage, but also it is affected by other socio-cultural environmental factors including weather, geographic location, education and level of modernization. Also recent trend of menarche in Korea indicates that a lot of discussion are being generated to the need of sex education as a part of formal school education. The purpose of this study is to develop the school health education program by determine the age of menarche, the factors relavant to time of menarche and psycho-mental state of students at the time in menarche and investigate the present state of school health education relate to menarche of adolescents. The total number of 732 girls was drown from first, second and third grades of 4 middle schools in Seoul. For the data collection the survey was conducted during the period from May 1 to May 20, 1982 by using prepared questionair. The major results are summarized as follow; 1. Mean age at menarche and the percent distribution of menarche experienced. It was observed that about 68.7% of sampled students have been experienced menarche at the time interviewed. For the each group, age at menarche is revealed that among the students about 37.8% are experienced menarche for under 12 years old group, 62.1% for 13 year-old group, 80.6％ for 14 year-old group and 95.5% for over 15 years old. In sum it was found that the mean age at menarche was 12.3 years old, ranged from age at 10 as earlist the age at 15 as latest. 2. Variables associated with age at menarche. 1) There was tendency those student who belong to upper class economic status have had menarche earlier than those student who belong to lower class. Therefore, economic status is closely related to age at menarche. 2) In time of mother's education level, it is also found that those students whose mother's education levels from high school and college are experienced menarche earlier than those students whose mother's education levels from primary school and no-education. 3) However, in connection with home discipline, there was no significant relationship between age at menarche and home disciplines which are being treated "Rigid", "Moderated ", "Indifferent". 4) Degree of communication between parents and daughter about sex matters was found to be associated each others in determination of age at menarche. 5) It was found that high association between mother's menarche age and their daughter's menarche age was observed. Mother's age at menarche earlier trend to be shown also as earlier of their daughters. 6) Those students belong to "D & E" of physical substantiality index are trend to be earlier in menarche than those students in the index "A & B". 3. Psycho-mental state at the time of menarche. Out of the total students 68.2% had at least one or more than one of subjective symptoms. Shyness was shown as most higher prevalent symptom and others are fear, emotional instability, unpleasant feeling, depression, radical behavior, inferior complex and satisfaction appeared. Very few cases are appeared be guilty and stealing feeling. 4. The present status of school health education program related to menarche. As to the source of information about menarche, teacher was a main source with average index 5.88 and the other informants were mother & family member, friends, books and magagines, movies, television, and radio. For the problem solving at menarche, mother & family members were subject to discussion with an average index 6.02 as high. The others for discuss and knowledge about menarche were books, magagine, friends, teachers, and self-learning based on own experienced. The time of learning about menarche, it was learned as highest percentage with 43.2% at a 6 grades of primary school, middle school with 34.4%, 5 grade of primary school with 18.2%, and 4 grade of primary school with 4.0% respectively.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 1974

It is the purpose of this study to determine an effective method of communication between teachers and students. This study was done by using the theory, methods and tools of transactional analysis as developed by Borne and Harris. In order to achieve this objective: First; The teacher and student communication process is to be used, noting the student's reaction when the teacher uses "Adult" and "Parent" stimulus. Second; The effectiveness of the reaction toward the "Adult" and "Parent" stimulus is to be determined with these objectives in mind. The problems of this research study are as follows; What influence on the response of the student is brought about by the method of communication used by the teacher? 1) When the teacher uses the "Parent" Stimulus method what response of the student is shown? 2) When the teacher uses the "Adult" Stimulus method what response of the student is shown? 3) What method of communication helps to promote the student′s growth? In order to determine the answers to these questions data was collected from 40 first year students at a school of nursing in Inchon. These students were divided into two groups and the unstandardized interview technique was used to interview each student for ten minutes. A tape recording was made of each interview and the nonverbal communication was recorded by process recording immediately following each interview. The recorded material obtained from the two groups was analysed and then the Borne and Harris transactional analysis method was used in analysing the writer of this thesis undertook. Hypothesis 1. When the teacher used the "Parent" stimulus the student′s response was more frequently "Child" than "Adult", the results showed a significant difference of P〈0.001. Hypothesis 2. When the teacher used the "Adult" Stimulus the student′s response was more frequently of "Adult" than "Child", the results showed a significant difference of P〈0.001, The following conclusions are drawn from this study: 1) There is an indication that the teachers use of "Parent" stimulus communication is not an effective method to increase the growth of the student. 3) Since the teachers use of "Adult" stimulus resulted in an increase in the "Adult" response of the student there is ah indication that use of an effective communication method can help the student to develop. The writer of this research paper suggests for further study the following; 1) A comparison of the differences in response to the giving of both "Adult" and "Parent" stimulus to the same Students. 2) A comparison of the differences in student response to the communication method according to the student′s grade, age, sex and level in school.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.133-142
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• 1989

The purpose of this paper is to provide the basic information concerning school health nursing activities in schools lacking in a school nurse, and the degree of satisfaction of trainess to the training course of school health nursing. The data for this study were collected by means of questionnaire from 150 teachers(100 of primary school and 50 of middle school)who attended the training course superintended by the Board of Education of Kyeong Nam Province from July 27 to August 6 in 1987. The main results of this study can be summarized as following; 1. General characteristics of the trainees: The majority of the trainees (71.3%) were in the age of twenties, 86.5% graduated from four-year teachers' college, 63.5% had less than five-year experience as a teacher. 2. 60.5% of the trainees were actually offering school health nursing services. 67.8% decided voluntarily to participate in the training course, and 62.7% attended the course for the purpose of obtaining health knowledge. 3. Only 4.2% of schools established appropriate health organization, and 34.5% were equipped with nursing clinic. But the main reason school health nursing activities were not performed very well was the insufficient supply of needed medicines and related materials. 4. School health nursing services in schools lacking in a school nurse were offered mainly by the teacher holding additional job of school health. class teacher and atheletic teacher. But the sanitary management for school meal services and community health activities were not carried out at all in many schools. 5. As a whole, trainees were satisfied with training program. But some subjects of the course did not satisfy them because those ones were so theoretical without any practice. 6. Many trainees wished the training course to be more concentrated on case studies which are helpful to solve actual problems. 7. 75% of trainees answered to have decided to perform school health nursing activities more actively than before. 8. Any significant relationship can not be found between trainees' general characteristics and their attitude to school health nursing activities after the training course. Only one factor-motivation to attend the training course-had the statistical significance of 8.7%.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.115-122
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to suggest the improving plans about the system as searching an effective managing devices for NEIS with analysis of managing condition. For the plans, questionnaire was performed in the five sections to primary and secondary school teachers. Those were recognition about C/S, Introduction and conductive processing of NEIS, Satisfaction of specific task on school affairs and educational matters, its function, efficiency and security as well as technical problem. Those were recognition about C/S, Introduction and conductive processing of NEIS, Satisfaction of specific task on school affairs and educational matters, its function, efficiency and security as well as technical problem. The results are following: First. in spite of satisfaction with function of C/S, it have been some problems such as frequent patch and down of server. Secondly, although the introduction of NEIS was done in hurry without gathering teachers' opinions and sufficient research of system, it has been expected to settle down normally with correction and security. Thirdly, positive reaction was generally showed in research on satisfaction of specific task for school affairs and educational matters. Fourthly, most of teachers have known the functions of NEIS and recognized its convenience. Although they has not thought it reduced their work, they have realized it's convenient for dealing with statistics. Lastly, they think of NEIS as the essential system for the age of information, in spite of problems such as reveal of personal data and security. Therefore, we should keep eyes to problem of an invasion of human right. In addition, study deep into NEIS should be conducted with consistent security for the system. In order to it. technical and legal system should be carried out side by side.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of virtual reality bowling on emotional changes using EEG (Electroencephalogram). Sixteen bowling players who have at least three years of experiences in bowling participated in this study. Their aged ranged from 26 to 35 years old with a mean age of 29.6 years. The frontal lobes (Fp2-Fp1, F4-F3, F8-F7) of each player were measured while subjects were performing five games of bowling. And after performing every frame, their emotion was measured immediately with Visual Analogue Scale. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance to test differences in the alpha value of each region of the frontal lobes. The dependent variable is the alpha power of the cerebral asymmetry. The results showed that players who scored a strike showed higher VAS values than those who missed the spares or cleared the spares; those who cleared spares showed higher VAS values than those who missed spares In addition, with respect to frontal R-L asymmetry score, the alpha-wave of the left frontal lobe was activated when scoring a strike and clearing spares and the alpha-wave of the right frontal lobe was activated when missing spares. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrated that success or achievement in competition gives rise to positive emotions and vice versa. This study neurophysiologically proved that performance outcomes during a competition directly influence players' emotion and brain waves.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to provide some information for the proper education on clothing wearing habits so that the education may be performed in the direction of social needs according to the social change and in the direction of the needs and interest of the high school girl students in their adolescence by being conscious of the influence of clothing on the high school girl students. I have used questionaire as an instrument of measurement. The length of the time of survey is from February 11, 1991 to February 28. The subjects are 544 first grade girl students of general high schools in Cheong-Ju, Choong-Ju, and Je-Cheon. The analysis of the data includes frequency, percentage, average person's Correlation Program, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test. The conclusion of this study is as follows: The first, it is shown that (l)students's interest in the design and fashion of clothing is significantly related to the socio-anthropological and socio-psychological factors such and the education level of their fathers, the education level of their mothers, monthly income of their homes, the clothing habits of their home economics teachers, the subjects which they are interested in, their average scholoary achievements, their religious background, and whether they have boy friends or not, etd. (2)students' interest in purchasing of clothing is significantly related to the socio-anthropological and socio-psychological factors such as the education level of their fathers, the education level of their mothers, monthly income of their homes, the clothing habits of their home economics teachers, the subjects which they are interested in, their average scholoary achievements, and whether they have boy friends or not, etc. (3)students' interest in the social-psyclological aspect is significantly related to the socio-anthropological and socio-psychological factors such as their living area, the clothing habits of their home economics teachers, etc. (4)students' interest in the clothing construction is significantly related to only the clothing habits of their home economics teachersl. (5)students' interest in the clothing management is significantly related to the socio-anthropological and socio-psychological factors such as the education level of their parents, the age of their mothers, their religious background, and their sisters. The second, as for the interest of the high school girl students in clothing, it has been shown that those who wear school uniforms tend to have more interest than those who wear free-choice clothes in such areas as shopping, the construction, and management. As for the other two areas, that is, disign and fashion, and the interest in socio-psychological dependence there has been little meaningful difference between the two groups, while the uniform group has shown more interest than the other group. The third, the interest of hish school students in clothing is considered to be most seriously influenced by their socio-psychological dependence out of five areas of interest. It has been shown that the proportion of the content dealing with clothing wearing life in the high school home economics texbooks in relatively small, especially in such areas as socio-psychological dependence, shopping, management, and design and fashion except in construcion.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.69-78
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• 2017

This study researches and analyses the state of the learning achievement assessment of the basic curriculum of the special education in the viewpoint of the individualized education pursuing for the learning and growing of each person, and discusses the political plan for support on the basis of the results. The object of study was 129 special school teachers working in B metropolitan city applying for the basic curriculum. For the measurement, the tool developed by the examination of FGI and the specialist on the basis of test research related to the evaluation tools of the learning achievement assessment for the special education was used. As the result of analysing the real state, to evaluate the individual learning and growing in the aspect of the plan, criteria, period of the evaluation, the special education teachers were approaching in detailed and precise quality, and guiding and using the evaluation results in the various ways in the prospective of the curriculum. The recognition on the sub-element in the each area of the measurement tools showed the difference by gender, age, career, academic achievement, school class, foundation type. On the basis of the results of the real state, as the political support plan, some advice were proposed, which were the expansion of the autonomy of making the curriculum achievement standard and the evaluation system, improving the field and system of the learning achievement assessment, establishing the support system to strengthen the evaluation competences in accord with the teachers' background variables, etc.