• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2022

In September and October 2020, combined acoustic and trawl surveys were conducted in the northwestern sea of Jeju Island. In the survey area, a region, so called Jeju region, was designated to esimate the biomass of chub mackerel and jack mackerel using a trawl survey method and frequency difference method. In the September survey, the weight ratios of jack mackerel and chub mackerel to the total catch were 24.6% and 2.8%, respectively, and in the October survey, those ratios were 24.9% and 20.7%, which were used to calculate their biomass (trawl survey). Using the frequency difference range (-8 to -3dB) corresponding to two species in 120 and 200 kHz, their biomass was estimated (frequency difference method). As a result, the biomass of two species from the trawl method was 3252.3 tons in September and 5777.0 tons in October. The estimated biomass by the frequency difference method was 4926.6 tons in September and 7521.5 tons in October. It was the first trial to estimate the biomass of two species using the trawl and frequency differencing methods in South Korea although there were some differences between two methods. In addition, horizontal distributions of acoustic backscattering strength over the entire survey area were mapped.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.77-95
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• 2023

In this study, the conceptual design of a tilt + stopped rotor type electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft was performed using design iteration. Based on Hyundai Motor's S-A1, the mission profile was defined using the concept of urban air mobility (UAM), and configuration design and aerodynamic analysis were performed using OpenVSP and XFLR5 software. After estimating the required power for the designed eVTOL, the required performance of the battery and the maximum take-off weight (MTOW) were calculated. . It was iteratively calculated using Microsoft Excel and Visual Basic Application, and a new electric motor weight estimation formula was derived. Also, the sensitivity analyses of each design variables of an eVTOL was performed using the automated program.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.71-83
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• 1996

Hyang-Yack-Ku-Keup-Bang(鄕藥救急方) is our own, medical work written about the middle of the time of Korea Dynasty. I restored and researched this book because it needed to be illuminated about its medico-historic value and then I came to some conclusions as follows. 1. Hyang-Yack-Ku-Keup-Bang was published in Dae-jang-do-kam(大藏都監) of Kanghaw island(江華島) about the middle of Korea Dynasty. Choi Ja-ha(崔自河) republished it on original publication ground in Euiheung(義興) of Kyungsang-Province(慶尙道) in July, Taejong's(太宗) 17th year of Chosen Dynasty (A.D.1417) and this book was published again in Chungcheng Province(忠淸道) in Sejong's(世宗) 9th year(A.D.1427). The book published in Taejong's days was in the possession of books department of Kung-nae-cheng(宮內廳) in Japan and was the oldest medical book of existing ones. 2. Bang-Jung-Hyang-Yack-Mock-Cho-Bu(方中鄕藥目草部) of this book was originally intended to be adjusted in each division with the title of Bang-Jung-Hyang-Yack-Mock(方中鄕藥目). But Herb part(草部) only followed editing progress of Jeung-Lew-Bon-Cho(證類本草), the rest is not divided into each part and is together arranged at the below of Herb part with the title of Bang-Jung-Hyang-Yack-Mock-Cho-Bu. The Korean inscriptions on some drugstuffs in this book are different between Native Name(鄕名) of three volumes of provisions and general-spoken(俗云) of Bang-Jung-Hyang-Yack-Mock-Cho-Bu. In this, it is estimated that the publishing time and editor of tile volume of provisions and Bang-Jung-Hyang-Yack-Mock-Cho-Bu are different. I think Choi Ja-ha compiled this behind three volumes of provisions when he published. 3. This book picked some prescriptions which consisted of obtainable drugs with ease in Korea in the books of Chell-Keum-Yo-Bang(千金要方), Oi-Dae-Bi-Yo(外臺秘要), Tae-Peong-Sung-Hye-Bang(太平聖惠方), Ju-Hu-Bang(?後方), Kyung-Hum-Yang- Bang(經驗良方) Bo-Je-Bon-Sa-Bang(普濟本事方) Bi-Ye-Baik-Yo-Bang(備預百要方) and so on and got together our own prescriptions. On the whole Bi-Ye-Baik-Yo-Bang was a chief referrence book, On this, other books referred to and corrected. 4. In provisions quoted from Hyang-Yack-Jip-Sung-Bang(鄕藥集成方), there are seven provisions; leg-paralysis part, coughing part, headache part, obstetrics part, etc. don't show in this book. This is why Choi Ja-ha published only certain texts on Dae-jang-do-kam edition his own posession. So we can think the existing edition has a little misses compared with original edition. 5. This book recorded only names of drugstuffs in animal drug department like fowls, crab, goldbug, earthworm, etc. and didn't tell us ways of taking those. This is effect of Buddhist culture on medicine. This is efforts to practice 'Don't murder';one of Five Prohibition of Buddhism. 6. Beacause this book was published at the time, when our originative medicine would be set forth. This followed the Chinese ways in Theory, Treatment, Prescription and used 'Hyang Yack' in Medication out of theory of Korean medicine, which was a transitional form. So this is all important material which tell us aspects of development of 'Hyang Yack' the middle of Korea Dynasty.and this is also the beginning of originative, medical works like Dong-Eui-Bo-Kam(東醫寶鑑), Dong-Eui-Su-Bo-Won(東醫壽世保元). 7. There are few contents based on 'Byen-Jeung-Lon-Chi(辨證論治)'in this book. So we can see this book is not for doctors who study medical thoughts but for general public who suffer from diseases resulted from war. Because this book was written for a first-aid treatmeant, this is an index of medical service for the people those days. And this is also an useful datum for first-aid medicine or military medicine in these modern days. 8. Nowadays, parts of learned world of Korean medicine disregard essential theories and want to explain Korean medicine only by the theories or the methods of Western medicine. Moreover they don't adopt Chinese and Japanese theorys & thoughts about Oriental medicine in our own style and just view in there level. What was worse, there is a growing tendency for them to indulge in a trimming policy of scholarship and to take others' ideas. I think these trends to ignore our own medical thoughts involving growth of 'Hyang Yack' in the middle of Korea Dynasty, Dong-Eui-Bo-Kam and Dong-Eui-Su-Se-Bo-Won. So we, as researchers of Korean medicine, must get out of this tendency, and take over brilliant tradition and try to develop originative Korean medicine.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.159-183
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• 2001

The praying sentences of the script of Saddharmapundarika-sutra NO.5 which was made by prayer Bang-Ui, prince Ik-An, was investigated and the cover painting, Byonsangwha(Buddha's preaching painting), and letter style written in the script were discussed in this study. The cover painting on the script is known to be followed to the style of the cover painting as shown in a set of 7 rolls of Saddharma pundarika-sutra of the Horim Museum collection. It is not so difficult to say that the characteristics of cover painting of the script would be suceeded to those of scripts of the end of Koryo and the early Choseon Dynasty. Lotus and its surround was decorated with arabesque figure whose stems were drawn with golden paste and the arabesque figures were done with silver paste. However, for the expression of lotus and arabesque pattern the special feature of drawing style that was originated from the end of Koryo Dynasty to draw the outline with broad line and/or the hardness of drawing line became much more deepened than ever. It is not different to think that this characteristics should be those of Choseon Dynasty. On the Byeonsangwha(buddha's preaching painting) the painting of scattered flowers on stairs of Sumera-Mandala and the scheduled clouds (underseen from heaven) were as similar as to the Byeonsangwha style of the end of Koryo and the early Choseon Dynasty. However, the image of Shakyamuni and/or the halo(光背) is nearly same as the characteristics shown on the Beonsangwha of Saddharma pundarika-sutra of Nesosa' collection, a set of seven rolls which was completed in the 15th year of king Taejong(AD 1415). It is apparent that these characteristics are those of Choseon Dynasty. After king Chungsean in Koryo Dynasty, letter style of Chao Meng-Fu was shown in the script of late Koryo Dynasty as a new letter style.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.227-250
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• 2013

Jeongsa-gongshin-nokgwon (定社功臣錄券) is a document issued during the reign of King Taejong. The king appointed the vassals of merit who suppressed the First Rebel of Prince in 1398 as Jeongsa-gongshin (定社功臣) and gave them titles and rewards as described in the Jeongsa-gongshin-nokgwon document. This study explores the reasons and process of the rewards given to the vassals by way of the existing copy of Jeongsa-gongshin-nokgwon. The form and organization of the document were analyzed in detail. The titles given to the vassals were classified into each grade and their characteristics were sought. The content of the document was also analyzed in detail. The result of the study suggested the following. Jeongsa-gongshin-nokgwon is a manuscript and it consists of 3 parts: introduction (卷首), main text (本文), and ending (卷末). Names and titles given to 29 vassals of merit are listed of which 12 vassals were first grade and 17 vassals were second grade. The ranks of first-grade vassals of merit were higher than the ranks of second-grade vassals of merit. In the first-grade vassals of merit, there were relatively more relatives of the king. The rewards and privileges given to them were different, depending on their grade. The content of regulation was also different within the same grade, depending on the person. The formation and names of government officers, who worked in the temporary office in charge of rewards to the vassals of merit (Gongshin-dogam, 功臣都監), were verified by the approval signatures and last names found in Jeongsa-gongshin-nokgwon.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.29-42
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• 2017

Jeongeuihyanggyo(旌義鄕校) is a kind of traditional, Confucian cultural landscapes that is located in Jeju special self-governing province. Its historical background illustrates that the first erection was started at Goseong-li of Seongsan-eup(城山邑 古城里) at Taejong(太宗) of 16 years(1417) and it moved to the west gate of Hyunseong(縣城) at Heojong(憲宗) of 15 years,(1849) Joseon. The aim at this study is to reveal characters of these Confucian Spatial Composition and Order, which are valuable resources that can be created into the cultural contents. The results demonstrate the characters of the Confucian cultural landscape as followings; the changing process of new building and its relocation, the utilization of antique maps in location interpretation of Jeongeuihyanggyo, Confucian symbolic elements of it, the spatial compositions and layouts of its buildings, physical structures, main buildings and their characters, locational points of topographic profile, changes of axial line at Daeseongjeon(大成殿), the D/H ratio of its courts. This study can show that Jeongeuihyanggyo is a case for realizing the Confucian reformation to enhance Seongeup Hyun's education standard considering the locality of the site which is an isolated island like Jejudo(濟州島). The author can see that the example of Confucian space is applied to various layout techniques, both horizontally and vertically, in a limited space condition of being in the castle. Therefore, it is necessary to revive this point so that it can utilize unique Confucian cultural landscape possessed only by Jeongeuihyanggyo.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.38
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• pp.223-284
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• 2005

Gwaebul, created during late Joseon dynasty, especially from 1885 to 1926, now exist 18 ones. And 12 of them are owned by Buddhist temples located in Seoul city and Gyeonggido province. Royal Tomb praised and Royal household praised Buddhist temples in early Joseon dynasty were supported by Royal Family. As a renovation of Buddhist temples by king Taejong's reign(1400-1418), they became impoverished with reduced Buddhist ceremony. But they maintained their lives in intimate connection with royal family, and went prosperous from late 18th century. At that times, a new trend in Gwaebul appeared, which have popular idea for wishing peace of the dead, the nation and the royal family. The new composition of painting expressed in Gwaebul starts in Amitabha-Triad paintings which carved in first volume of ${\ll}$Amita-yohaegyeong${\gg}$ made of wooden plate. And Gi-heoh(A.D. 1820-1872) carved it in 1853 at Naewonam Buddhist hermitage of Samgaksan mountain And a return of Suwolgwaneumdo which had been popularized in late Goryo dynasty is worth noticing as a new issue of late Joseon dynasty. It is related with a composition of Gwaebul that expressed 'a leading the dead to the good', a Buddhist consciousness of falsehood and fancy. The saturated and blurred style of painting, the fact that centralization-powered lineage of painter who used composition of multi-used basic pattern, are characteristics of this period.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.72
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• pp.127-156
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• 2018

Kim Yoo-shin was highly evaluated in Silla, not only when he was alive, but also after his death. When he was alive, he was regarded as one of the best servants who accomplished the task of 'Iltong-Samhan' by supporting KiIng Tae-jong and King Mun-mu. Kim Yoo-shin was recognized as 'good servant' or 'sacred servant' who helped King Tae-jong even after he died. In addition, he was revered as 'two adults' with King Mun-moo. He was awarded the title of 'The Great King Heung-mu'. In the Goryeo period, it was supported as a national sacrifice in the shrine of Mt. Taeryeng of Jinchon. Kim Yoo-shin was regarded as a person who achieved great success with the absolute trust of King Tae-jong and King Mun-mu. In addition, Yoon-gwan recognized Kim Yoo-shin as a general who caused many miracles. Lee Seung-hyeo said that Kim Yoo-shin had a mysterious Military-Strategy Book and excelled in martial arts. Even during the Joseon Dynasty, the evaluation of Kim Yu-shin's success had been continued due to the absolute trusting relationship between King Taejong or King Mun-moo and his retainer Kim Yoo-shin. Kim Yoo-shin was either the representative of Silla's martial or the most outstanding figure in the entire history of the Silla Dynasty. Furthermore, he was recognized as a person with competence and aptitude comparable to Chinese characters. Kim Yoo-shin was superior in military strategy. Kim Yoo-shin was evaluated as a representative of martial in Korea's history. From a neo-Confucian point of view, they evaluated him as a loyal person through Kim's achievements.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.35
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• pp.359-385
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• 2009

The study aims to investige how Soupjin, military training has been changed in early Joseon Dynasty. The conclusions are following these. First, Jin means military marching or attacking the enemy and Jinbeop means how to make Jin or traning but now Jinbeop indicates textbook of Jinbeop rather than practing it. Second, publishing Owijinbeop is completed as a result of continuous series of Jinbeop textbook and Owi systems are built up by military construction reorganization. Third, the total number of articles is 268 from Taejo to Seonjo in early Joseon Dynasty. They are divided into different parts according to kings. Forth, Taejo, Taejong, Munjong, Sejo, Yejong and Jungjong are the kings who take the lead of Jinbeop training directly. Among them Munjong and Sejo are highly considered that they edited and revised Sinjinbeop and tried to unify military organization. Besides Jungjong discussed Jinbeop textbooks which are published by prior kings and even make them be practiced. But after Imjinwaeran, Seonjo accepted the book Gihyosinseo by Cheokgyegwang in China and transformed our Jinbeop for protecting the country. Firth, We found that Hyangmyung and Jintoigyjak had been focused from Sejo to Jungjong. Because in this period Joseon had to find the way to protect the country from north Yeojin, But after Imjinwaeran Seonjo introduced Cheokgyegwang's Jeolgangjinbeop in China because of Japanese attacks.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.26-37
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• 2021

This study conducted a big data analysis on news to identify the agenda of media literacy, which has been socially discussed, and on which relevant policy directions will be proposed. To this end 1,336 articles from January 1, 2019 to September 30, 2020 were collected and a topic modeling analysis was conducted according to four periods. Five topics for each period were derived through the analysis, and implications based on the results are as follows. First, the government should implement a nation-level systematic approach to media literacy education according to life cycle stages to generate economic and cultural value. Second, local communities and schools should provide systematic support and education guidance activities to ensure a sustainable ecosystem for media literacy and prevent an educational gap and loss in learning. Third, efforts should be made in various aspects to minimize the side effects resulting from constantly providing media literacy education; furthermore a culture of desirable media application should be established. Finally, a research environment for scientific research on media literacy, active exchange of experience and value obtained in the field, and long-term accumulation of research results should be encouraged to develop a robust knowledge exchange culture.