• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.96-101
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• 2024

The Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is equipped with a Transmitter/Receiver (TR) module, which serves as the signal transmission and reception unit for acquiring image data. The TR module generates significant heat during signal generation and amplification, potentially degrading performance or causing mission failure. Furthermore, launch and operational environments may result in structural damage to the components. Thus, assessing the thermal and structural safety of the TR module through thermal and vibration tests is essential to guarantee its safety. Safety assessments can be verified through environmental tests prescribed in MIL-STD-883. This paper explores the thermal and structural safety characteristics of the TR module by simulating test environments using finite element analysis prior to conducting environmental tests.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2022

TR module using in satellite must consider discriminative electrical and mechanical requirements compare to the one using in ground and aircraft system since not only the environment level of vibration and shock during the launch stage but also the level of radiation, vacuum and thermal variation from orbit environment are more severe than atmosphere condition. This paper describes the environmental conditions of launch and the orbit and, suggests design method of TR module applying GaN to satisfy the unique environmental requirements of satellite systems by especially focusing on parts selection, derating design, RF budget design, manufacturing process design, and thermal design of TR module.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.857-867
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• 2018

Active array radar is evolving into digital active array radar. Digital active array radar has many advantages for making several simultaneous radar beams from the digital receive data of each element. A digital-type transceiver(TR) module is suitable for this goal in radar. In this work, the design results of an L-band digital TR module are presented to verify the possibility of fabrication for a digital active array antenna. This L-band digital TR module consists of a gallium-nitride-type HPA to achieve a more than 350-W peak output power and one-chip transceivers that include a digital waveform generator and analog digital converter. The receiving gain was 47 dB, the noise figure was less than 2 dB, and the final output type of the four channel receiving paths was one optic signal.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.217-222
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• 2014

This paper discusses about the beam pattern distortion caused by the failures of some antenna modules in the active array antenna and analyses the possibility of improvement through applying the beam pattern compensation method previously studied. The beam pattern distortion which is mostly represented as an increase of the sidelobe level, can be suppressed through re-synthesizing each module's magnitude and phase. This method was applied to the prototype of active array antenna system, and the results of antenna pattern distortion and compensation were analyzed and measured in the Near Field Chamber. Array failures are generally divided into random TR module failures and TRU(TR Unit: combination of TR modules, Beam Computation module, Power supply module) failures. The results of beam pattern compensation were analyzed in each failure and compared to the results of the simulation. The beam pattern compensation results applied to the real active antenna array system showed the similar to the simulation results. Consequently, it was verified the beam pattern could be compensated with the magnitude and phase adjustment of other normal antenna modules.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.17 no.1_2_3
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• pp.771-778
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• 2005

In this paper we shall give some group properties derived from the characteristic ring-module $_X(M)$, using the fact that $_X(M)_H$ is a conjugate to $_X(M)_{Ha}$ when M is an invertible right R-module. Also we shall prove that_X(M)$ is group-isomorphic to TR and some normal subgroup properties if M is invertible and R is commutative.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.356-361
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• 2014

This paper proposes hardware architecture of HEVC (high efficiency video coding) CABAC (context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding) binarizer. The proposed binarizer was designed and implemented as an independent module that can be integrated into HEVC CABAC encoder. It generates each bin string of each syntax element in a single cycle. It consists of controller module, TU (truncated unary binarization) module, TR (truncated Rice binarization) module, FL (fixed length binarization) module, EGK (k-th order exp-Golomb coding) module, CALR (coeff_abs_level_remaining) module, QP Delta (cu_qp_delta_abs) module, Intra Pred (intra_chroma_pred_mode) module, Inter Pred (inter_pred_idc) module, and Part Mode (part_mode) module. The proposed binarizer was designed in Verilog HDL, and it was implemented in 45 nm technology. Its operating speed, gate count, and power consumption are 200 MHz, 1,678 gates, and 50 uW, respectively.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.754-759
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• 2015

Nowadays, short distance communication systems with low power energy (LPE) are developed for identification and monitoring of site identification of vessel crews and passengers (SIVCP). LPE communication modules, such as Bluetooth low energy (BLE) and Zigbee, are used for short distance communications with LPE. These modules enable 1:N communications and their popularity is growing since the modules can be mounted on movable objects, such as mobile devices and human body. When these modules are used, the important factor that affects their operation time and design are the capacity and size of battery. Therefore, they must be made as small as possible, and the battery should be selected to be slightly smaller than the module. In this study, we calculate the theoretical life of batteries used in SIVCP BLE modules using data sheet and discharge characteristic graph under the condition of a 1/250 transmission-ratio (TR). We thus calculate experimental life by measuring transmission current for the same TR, and low speed mode current for a 1/5000 TR and measure long-term experimental life using 1/25 TR for days. Through these experiments, we verify experimental methods for the prediction and extension of battery life that would enable us to select appropriate sizes of batteries based on vessel usage and passenger types. The selections of the module TR and battery size are important factors affecting the cost reduction of module design, the battery maintenance, and passenger convenience.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.96-98
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• 2005

Proposed Multi-level PDP sustain Driver make use of element which has a low voltage rating instead of suggested method by the existing Webber and it passes through a second phase both rising and falling at sustaining voltage waveform In accordance with the change of timing phase(Tr1, Ti1, Tr2) performance comparison of a electric discharge characteristics in a PDP module has been carried out. At the conclusion of experimentation, the feature is extended by alteration of Ti1 and it has little to do with alteration of Tr1.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2012

This study aims to examine the effect of the combined application of green roof and PV system on the PV efficiency by measuring the temperature and performance of PV module in order to reduce the temperature on the roof using roof planting system and determine the potential of efficient increase in solar-light power generation. In the experimental methodology, either monocrystalline or polycrystalline PV module was installed in green roof or non-green roof, and then the surface temperature of PV was measured by TR-71U thermometer and again the performance, module body temperature, and conversion efficiency were measured by MP-160, TC selector MI-540, and PV selector MI-520, respectively. As a result, the average body temperature of monocrystalline module was lower by $6.5^{\circ}C$ in green roof than in non-green roof; that of polycrystalline module was lower by $8.8^{\circ}C$ in green roof than in non-green roof. In the difference of generation, the electricity generation of monocrystalline module in green roof was 46.13W, but that of polycrystalline module was 68.82 W, which indicated that the latter produced 22.69W more than the former.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.452-459
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• 2009

A 6-bit MMIC digital attenuator applicable to X-band TR module has been developed by using $0.5{\mu}m$GaAs pHEMT processes. The Switched-T attenuator scheme and the switched-path attenuator scheme were adopted to obtain low insertion loss and small phase variation, respectively. Resistors and transmission lines are optimized to achieve the digital attenuator with high attenuation accuracy and small phase variation. The digital attenuator has RMS error of 0.4dB, resolution of 0.5dB and dynamic range of 31.5dB. The measurement results show that in-out VSWRs are less than 1.5, phase variation is from -7 to +2 degrees and IIP3 is 36.5dBm.