• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.443-452
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• 2006

The four rice(Oryza sativa L.) lines, previously demonstrated to have vigorous herbage production at the vegetative growth stage, were investigated for their growth traits, dry matter yield and feed value using the twice-cutting system that 1st-cut is harvested at panicle formation stage and 2nd-cut at the yellow ripen stage. The twice-cutting system is regarded as an effective method in the production of forage rice by escaping lodging and insect damages caused by the overgrowth and typhoon around the heading stage.The feed value of the twice-cut rice plant of there lines were compared with the control of normal, cutting at the yellow ripen stage. The relative feed value(RFV), the total digestible nutrient(TDN) and the crude protein(CP) content of the twice-cut straw were higher the control in every lines. However, the dry matter yield (DMY), represented by the summed forage production of 1st and 2nd cut-rice plant, were lower the control, and the DMY of straws were increase but grains were decrease for twice-cutting system. In addition, TDN yield showed the similar tendency with DMY.Recently, as one of the breeding aims the researches for improving the digestibility of rice straw have been required. In this regard, twice-cutting system is recognized with the fact that it has the effect which raises the digestibility of the straw. Especially, the 2nd cut of IR73111-B-R-15-3-1 line was similar to the control at the TDN yield of straw, and would be used as a breeding material for product the roughage of good quality.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.37-49
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• 2001

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of application levels of nightsoil sludge compost(NSC) in 3 and 4 cuttings per annum on the dry matter yields and nutritive value of orchardgrass(Dactylis glomerata L.). Annual nightsoil sludge compost(NSC) were applied at levels of 0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 ton $㏊^{respectively}$ . Relative yields of each cut to annual dry matter yield were 29.9%, 46.% and 23.2% for 1st cut, 2nd cut and 3rd cut in 3 cutting system, 23.7%, 29.3%, 34.0% and 13.0% for 1st cut, 2nd cut, 3rd cut and 4th cut in 4 cutting system, respectively. Significantly higher dry matter yield of orchardgrass obtained were 8.11 ton $㏊^{-1}$ at level of 40 ton ㏊$^{-1}$ $yr^{-1}$ in 3 cutting systems, ranges of 7.50~10.71 ton $㏊^{-1}$ at level of 10~80 ton ㏊$^{-1}$ $yr^{-1}$ in 4 cutting systems than those of non application level of NSC, respectively(p〈0.05). The mean efficiency of dry matter production to application of NSC(kg DM/ton NSC) were 46 and 102 kg in 3 and 4 cutting systems, respectively. Although th contents of crude protein(CP, %) of orchardgrass were significantly higher at the application levels of 10~80 ton $㏊^{-1}$ $yr^{-1}$ -1/ by NSC than those of the application levels at the 0 ton $㏊^{-1}$ $yr^{-1}$ in 3 and 4 cutting systems(p〈0.05), the contents of neutral detergent fiber(NDF, %) and acid detergent fiber(ADF, %) were lower in NSC plots than those at the non-application plots of NSC. The contents of total digestible nutrient(TDN, %) and relative feed value(RFV) of orchardgrass were significantly increased with increase the applicaton levels of NSC(p〈0.05).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2011

This experiment was carried out to know adaptability and forage production and quality of corn hybrid for silage at paddy field of Jeonnam and Cheonan region. The growth, forage production and quality of silage corn in normal condition showed much better than drought condition at paddy field. Among the growth characteristics, 'Kangdaok' hybrids was somewhat strong for drought stress, then and good at stem diameter, drought stress, sugar content, stay green, disease and insect resistance. Fresh yield of 'Kwangpyongok' and 'Kangdaok' hybrid at drought paddy field were the highest as 9,714kg and 9,126 kg/ha per ha among corn hybrids. Among the ten hybrids, dry yield of 'Kangdaok' hybrid at drought paddy field was the highest as 5,548 kg per ha. The result of this study showed that 'Kangdaok' hybrid had good growth characters and forage productivity at drought condition and dry matter yield and TDN yield also were 21.6% and 19.3% level compared with normal paddy field.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.373-381
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• 1994

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer level on forage yield and feed value, and to clarify the optimum nitrogen fertilizer level of rye in middle west area when cultured in paddy field. The field experiment treated 5 levels of nitrogen fertilization was carried out at Yesan from Oct. 1990 to June 1991. The fresh and dry weight increased with increased nitrogen fertilizer level by 30kg /10a, but dry matter ratio decreased. The ratio of leaf blade and leaf sheath in rye plant increased with increased nitrogen fertilizer level, but the ratio of stem and inflorescence decreased. The content and yield per unit area for protein, total digestible nutrient(TDN). Minerals, and energy increased with increased nitrogen fertilizer level, while acid detergent fiber(ADF) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF) decreased. The ratio of available protein among crude protein became higher with increased nitrogen fertilizer level. The optimum clipping time for net energy gain(NEG) and net energy maintenance(NEM) were 10 days earlier than milk stage for conventional items including TDN and proteins.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.127-132
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of manure and chemical fertilizer on the forage yield and quality of oat at no-tillage. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. The three treatments were: chemical fertilizer, manure fertilizer, and chemical and manure mixture. Seedling vigor was higher at chemical fertilizer than manure, but more greener at manure application than chemical fertilizer. Dry matter (DM) content of oat at manure was higher than chemical and mixture fertilizer (p<0.05). There was no difference in DM yield, TDN (total digestible nutrients) yield, and CP (crude protein) yield of oat at no-tillage system, but the fresh yield was significantly higher in chemical fertilizer compared to manure. The CP content for oat was significantly higher in manure than chemical fertilizer. However, no significant effects were observed for NDF (neutral detergent fiber), ADF (acid detergent fiber), TDN and RFV (relative feed value) in different fertilizer application. Based on the results of this study, manure don't affected forage production and quality of no-till oat except CP content because forage oat is used off-season crop.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.237-246
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate growth characteristics and yield of silage corn hybrids by different planting dates at paddy and upland field. Days to silking by different planting dates at paddy field were 81 days at planting on April 22, 70 days on May 20 and 62 days on June 10, respectively, and they were getting shorter as planting date delayed. There was no significant difference in days to silking between paddy and upland field. Plant height in paddy field was no significant difference between at planting on April 22 and on May 20, and it was shortened sharply at planting on June 10. There was no significant difference in plant height between paddy and upland field. There was no significant difference in lodging by different planting dates in paddy field. There was significant difference in lodging between paddy and upland field (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in stay-green by different planting dates in paddy field, and no significant difference between paddy and upland field. Ear ratios to total dry matter in paddy field were 43% at planting on April 22, 41% on May 20 and 28% on June 10, respectively, and it was lower as planting date delayed. There was no significant difference in ear ratios to total dry matter between paddy and upland field. Fresh yields in paddy field were lower with 14% at planting on May 20 and 32% on June 10 compared to on April 22 as planting date delayed. There was no significant difference in fresh yield between paddy and upland field. Dry matter yields in paddy field were higher with 9% at planting on May 20 and lower with 24% on June 10 compared to at planting on April 22 as planting date delayed. Dry matter yield in paddy field was lower with 9% compared to 1,931 kg/10a at planting on April 22. TDN (Total digestible nutrients) yields in paddy field were higher with 5% at planting on May 20 and lower with 28% on June 10 compared to at planting on April 22 as planting date delayed. TDN yield in paddy field was lower with 11% compared to 1,340kg/10a at planting on April 22.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.297-302
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• 2002

This study was carried out to compare the agronomic characteristics, forage yield, and quality of four sorghum $\times$ sudangrass hybrids at Yonam College of Agriculture Experimental Livestock Farm, Sunghwan in 2001. The four recommended hybrids used in this study were ‘SXl7’ and ‘877F’(heading type), and ‘TE Evergreen’ and ‘Turbo 9’(headless type). sugar content or heading hybrids(SX17 and 877F) were higher then that of headless hybrids(TE Evergreen and Turbo 9). SX17 had resistance to lodging, while all hybrids had resistance to foliar disease and insect. Dry matter(DM) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yields of heading hybrids were higher then those of headless hybrids. Among sudangrass hybrids, DM and TDN yields of 877F were the highest(21,007 and 12,276kg/ha). The crude protein of Turbo 9(10.5%) was higher than other hybrids. Neutral detergent fiber(NDF) content of headless hybrids were higher than that of heading hybrids, while acid detergent fiber(ADF) and acid detergent lignin(ADL) contents of headless hybrids were lower than those of heading hybrids. Calculated TDN of headless hybrids were higher than that at heading hybrids. Cellulase digestible of organic matter of dry matter (CDOMD) of headless hybrids also were higher then that of heading hybrids. Results of this experiment indicates that heading hybrid was better than headless hybrid in the agronomic characteristics and forage yield of sorghum $\times$ sudangrass. However heading hybrid was lower than leafless hybrid in quality of sorghum $\times$ sudangrass.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted at the forage experimental field, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Suweon in 1992 and 1993 to investigate the effects of tillage method-conventional and rotary-till, rye (Secde cereale L.) harvest date-early (April 14) and late (April 26), and rye residue treatmentno paraquat(1, 1-dinethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride) and paraquat in minimizing the adverse effects of the rye residue on growth and yield of succeeding corn(Zea mays L.). Corn plant height during the growing season was slighly taller with conventional tillage relative to rotary-till when rye was harvested in early and treated by paraquat. Corn LA1 during the growing season was slighly increased when rye was harvested in early and where conventional tillage was used with paraquat treatment. There were no differences in the leaf number and silking dates of corn among the tillage methods, harvest dates of rye and paraquat treatments. The dry matter yield of corn was significantly increased by paraquat treatment when rye was harvest in early, but no differences were found in the dry matter percentage, ear percent to total dry matter, and stover, ear and estimated TDN yields of corn among the treatments.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.137-152
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• 2009

Present experiment was conducted at the field of Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services in Jinju city for two continuous cropping seasons to develop several adaptable and valuable year-round forage-producing system for elevating self-sufficiency and dollar-saving by reduced importing of crude forage. Twenty cropping systems were tested in experiment using whole crop barley (WCB), oat, rye, Italian ryegrass (IRG), and triticale in winter season and com, sorghum, sorghum ${\times}$ sudangrass hybrid, and oat in summer time. Sorghum ${\times}$ sudangrass hybrid showed highest fresh forage yield among experimented summer season crops, and followed com. Com produced the most dry matter yield, and followed sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid, sorghum and oat in order. There was no significant effect of former winter crops on fresh and dry matter production succeeding summer time crops. Among winter season forage crops tested, oat showed the highest fresh and dry matter when clipped on mid-May, and followed triticale, IRG, rye and WCB. Winter-time cultivated crops showed no clear effect on the growth and forage (fresh and dry matter) producing ability of following summer crops. There was the most protein content in oat plant among summer season planted crops, and in sorghum for acid detergent fiber (ADF) and in sorghum ${\times}$ sudangrass hybrid for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), respectively. While, com showed highest value of relative feed value (RFV) and total digestive nutrients (TDN) among those crops. Among winter crops, the highest crude protein was in oat plant showing no significant differences of ADF and NDF, while, relatively higher value of RFV was recognized with rye and triticale. Also, triticale contained more TDN as compare to other forage crops. The cropping combinations such as com followed by (fb) rye and maize fb triticale were regarded as promising systems having higher dry matter producing ability among tested combinations. Considering TDN producing potential, the combinations with sorghum ${\times}$ sudangrass hybrid fb triticale andlor rye were would be suitable ones, coincidently. There was a tendency which elevating pH, electric conductivity (EC) and organic matter (OM) contents in soil after experiment comparing to before planting. More crude protein content in plant was shown at mid-May clipping as compared to the forage at April cut in all winter season grown crops. ADF and NDF contents were increased by delayed clipping showing decreased tendency of RFV and TDN in plant. In conclusion, many cropping systems would be available using above mentioned forage crops according to farmer's conditions and scale, etc.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.353-360
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• 2011

This experiment was carried out to know adaptability, forage production and quality of corn hybrid for silage at paddy field at Chungnam region. Among agronomic characteristics, 'P32T83' hybrid was somewhat strong for waterlogging and good stay green, and low ear height as 57 cm and thicker stem diameter as 15.1 mm, and higher sugar content as 12 (Bo, %). The fresh and dry matter yield of 'P32T83' hybrid were the highest 55,220 kg/ha and 19,680 kg/ha, respectively. 'NC7117' hybrid was thicker as 15.5 cm and somewhat strong for waterlogging. The fresh and dry matter yield of 'NC7117' were 50,890 kg/ha and 19,110 kg/ha, respectively. The 'P32T83' hybrid was high as 81.9% in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). The result of this study indicated that 'P32T83' and 'NC7117' hybrid could be recommended as having good characters according to production, waterlogging tolerance, stay green, sugar content, and stem diameter at paddy field in Chungnam region.