• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.64-74
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to assess the degree of vegetation recovery such as the vegetation change and the effect of artificial restoration measures according to the number of years since the restoration works at the damaged Jungbong and Nuebong area in Mudeungsan National Park. We set up a total of 21 survey areas including 11 monitoring areas to analyze the flora, relative dominance, species diversity, and similarity in the restored site after relocation of Zungbong army base in 1996 and the restored site after the demolition of Neeebong telecommunication facility in 1999 and 10 control areas in the adjacent natural forest to assess the vegetation recovery in the restored sites and the nearby natural forest. The Mean Similarity Index of seed composition was relatively low at 3.5% in the Jungbong restoration site 17 years after the restoration, and the height of shrub layer, in which azaleas and furred azaleas appeared, recovered to the level of 82.6%. We concluded that it is necessary to continue monitoring the restored sites to develop the recovery assessment method and recovery work technology for sub-alpine areas in Mudeungsan National Park and other national park areas.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.377-384
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• 2020

Korean Sedum formosanum N. E. Br. (Ju-geog-nip-gaet-bi-reum in Korean) was first recorded in 1887, 133 years ago. Since then, the species has not been collected and its current state has remained unclear. However, these plants were collected in 2020 and the corresponding taxonomic entity and distribution status were revealed. It is known to be distributed only in the southern region of Japan, the northern islands of the Philippines, and in Taiwan, with Taiwan being the collection site of the type specimen. However, on the basis of the findings of the fourth national natural environment survey, it has recently been established that this plant also grows in the crevices of rocks along the seashores of the Korean islands of Hataedo Island and Sangtaedo Island, Sinan-gun, Jeollanam-do. S. formosanum inhabiting Korea is a large succulent biennial that can attain a height of up to 65 cm and differs from its congeneric species in having erect follicles during the fruiting period. Notably, among the Korean Sedum species, S. formosanum is most similar to S. tosaense, although it can be distinguished from this species with respect to its monomorphic leaves that have rounded apices, and it also bears separate flowering and sterile stems. In this paper, we present a description and photographs of the Korean S. formosanum, indicate the differences between this and related species, and provide a key to related taxa.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.407-414
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate soil properties, ordination, and vegetation of a forest wetland in Jangdo, Sinan-Gun. Peculiar species such as Epilobium pyrricholophum and Lycopus ramosissim us were found in the forest wetland of Jangdo, and Hosta yingeri and Carpinus turczaninovii for coreana that are an endemic species of Korea were also found. The vascular plants of 40 families 62 genera 57 species 9 varieties 1 form, total 67 taxa were accounted for. The communities were classified as Salix koreensis-Isachne globosa community, Isachne globosa community, and Miscathus sinensis var purpurascens community. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorous concentrations, and cation exchange capacity each ranged from 20.6 to 72.4%, 0.74 to 2.13%, 33.3 to 114.6 ppm, and 25.5 to 94.3 me/100g, respectively. Soil pH ranged from 5.10 to 5.42. Soil texture was clay loam. Results of the correlation between Jangdo forest community and environmental factor are as follows; Soil pH was the most effective factor for plant community distribution. The Salix koreensis-Isachne globosa community was found where it had the highest soil organic matter, nitrogen, and exchangeable Na, Ca, Mg concentration, ana CEC among the three communities. Miscathus sinensis var. purpurascens community was found where it had the lowest soil organic matter, nitrogen, and exchangeable Na, Ca, Mg concentration, and CEC among the three plant communities.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.254-263
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• 2009

The distribution and habitat characteristics of Echinosophora koreensis (Nakai) Nakai were investigated to compile basic data for conservation and restoration. The species Echinosophora koreensis is distributed within fourteen regions of the Korean Province of Gangwon, including Yanggu-gun, Inje-gun, Cheorwon-gun, Chuncheon-si and Hongcheon-gun. Natural habitats were located at altitudes of 192-626 m, with inclinations of $1-45^{\circ}$. One hundred and fifty seven vascular plant taxa were identified from 42 quadrats in 14 habitats. Dominant species among the woody plants, based on importance value, were Pinus densiflora and Quercus dentata in the tree (T1) layer, Quercus variabilis, Pinus densiflora and Quercus mongolica in subtree (T2) layer, and Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Prunus sargentii, Zanthoxylum schinifilium, and Ulmus davidiana var. japonica in the shrub (S) layer. Importance values for members of the herb layer were: Echinosophora koreensis 28.34%; Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum 10.21%; Spodiopogon sibiricus 7.60%; Atractylodes ovata 4.77% and Carex lanceolata 4.13%. The importance values of the last four species were high, so they were at affinity with Echinosophora koreensis in their habitats. Average species diversity was 1.03, and evenness and dominance were found to be 0.82 and 0.16, respectively. The soil types were sandy loam and loam. Average field capacity was 13.28%, and the organic matter and soil pH were 6.70% and 5.77, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.79 no.1
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• pp.42-55
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• 1990

The forest communities of this area were studied phytosociologically by the method of Z$\ddot{u}$rich-Montpellier school. 1) Forest vegetation in this area divided into mountain forest(Pinus densiflora-Alnus hirsuta community) and plateau(Basin) forest(Weigela subsessilis-Athyrium yokoscense community). 2) Mountain forest(I. Pinus densiflora-Alnus hirsuta community) divided into I-A. Carpinus laxiflora group, I-B. Acer mono group., I-A. Carpinus laxiflora group is further subdivided into I-A-1. Styrax obassia subgroup, I-A-2. Lindera erythrocarpa subgroup, I-A-3. Typical subgroup, I-A-4. Zanthoxylum schinifolium subgroup. 3) Plateau(Basin) forest(II. Weigela subsessilis-Athyrium yokoscense community.) divided into II-A. Carpinus laxiflora group, II-B. Carpinus cordata-Actinidia arguta group, II-C. Typical group. II-A. Carpinus laxiflora group is further subdivided into II-A-1. Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa subgroup, II-A-2. Typical subgroup. II-A-3. Acer mono subgroup. The flora of vasicula plants distributed in Mt. Kasan area was 105 families 350 genera, 515 species, 87 varieties, 2 subspecies and 12 formae in total 616 taxa (This amount to some 64.7% of the whole plant (952 kinds) in Mt. Palgong nature area.).

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.274-284
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• 2013

This study presents a survey on the bryophytes in Dongbaek-dongsan located at Seonheul Gotjawal on the north-eastern face of Mt. Halla in Jeju Island, Korea. A total of 85 taxa belonging to the Bryophyta (22 families 44 genera 62 species), Marchantiophyta (12 families 16 genera 23 species) were found. Among them, 3 moss species, Diphyscium perminutum Takaki, Racomitrium japonicum Dozy & Molk., and Isopterygium minutirameum (M$\ddot{u}$. Hal.) A. Jaeger. were new additions to the bryophyte flora of Korea. The liverwort index was 27.0%. Predominant life-form was weft. The rates for the bryophytes dominating in mesic to hygric sites were higher than for the bryophytes mainly observed in xeric habitats. We considered that the composition and distribution of species are affected by the different environmental factors according to the evergreen broad-leaved forests, wetlands and exposed spaces. Moreover, the rocks were the substrate type that play a major role in providing the micro-habitats for bryophytes in this area. Particularly, the bryophytes of swamps in this area were very unique and various for its limited space and showed plant communities with mosaic spatial pattern, along with vascular plants. We suggest more detailed and comprehensive studies on the swamps where endemic fern Mankyua chejuense B. -Y. Sun, M. H. Kim & C. H. Kim inhabits to provide valuable information for the conservation and restoration of the species and habitats.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.117-131
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• 2000

The flora and vegetaion of the high moor in Mt. Daeam($128^{\circ}07^{\prime}E$, $38^{\circ}13^{\prime}N$) was investigated by the phytosociological method of Braun-Blanquet's from 13 - 14th June to 7 - 8th August, 1998. The flora of plants recorded in high moor was 191 taxa belonging to 53 families, 131 genera, 160 species, 30 varieties, 1 formas. The high moor vegetation of Sanguisorba tenuifolia var. alba community group in this survey trip was classified into 11 communities as follows : Carex dispalata community and Sphagnum palustre community at the interior of moor, Carex biwensis community and Juncus papillosus community at the regenerated area and Malinia japonica community, Spiraea salicifolia community, Geranium eriosteman var. megalanthum - Calamagrostis langsdorffii community, Juncus effusus var. decipiens community, Salix koreensis community, Caltha palustris var. membranacea community and Sparganium stoloniferum community at the margin of moor. As a result of this study, the change of plant communities on high moor was closely influenced by landization in relation to the disturbance of human since 1969.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.116-123
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• 2014

The description of vegetation cover and floral composition was undertaken in terms of phytosociological study in Dodamsambong(scenic site no. 44) and Danyangseokmoon(no. 45). In this study a total of 17 $relev{\acute{e}}s$ containing 144 taxa were collected and analyzed. Eight plant communities are differentiated, grouped into 4 physiognomic types: forest type(Buxus microphylla var. koreana-Thuja orientalis community, Tilia mandshurica-Quercus variabilis community, and Cynanchum wilfordii-Pinus densiflora community), mantle type(Cardamine leucantha-Neillia uekii community), secondary meadow type(Galium kinuta-Spodiopogon sibiricus community, Diarthron linifolium-Zoysia japonica community), and crevice type(Patrinia rupestris-Selaginella stauntoniana community, Hypodematium glandulosopilosum community). The vegetation of Dodamsambong and Danyangseokmoon is characterized by local flora, such as calciphilous plants, geological distribution-limit species, and endemic species. The soil depth, slope, and human impact have been identified as the most important differentiating ecological factors. Buxus microphylla var. koreana-Thuja orientalis community, Tilia mandshurica-Quercus variabilis community, and Patrinia rupestris-Selaginella stauntoniana community were evaluated highly by National Vegetation Naturalness. In order to restore the value of specific landscape for scenic site, we should improve the problems of protected area such as wrong management on habitat, forest fragmentation by facilities and decline in vegetation by lack of growing the next succession.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.318-326
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• 2020

We found an unrecorded species, Carex molestiformis Reznicek & Rothrock, in Byeokparyeong, Daehwa-myeon, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, South Korea. This species is native to southern parts of the United States (ca. 11 states, including Arkansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma). These plants are usually distributed densely in stream flood plains, bottomlands, stream banks, and along roadsides. Belonging to section Ovales Kunth, perennial herbs with gynecandrous spikes, C. molestiformis is closely related to C. maackii Maxim. and C. scoparia Willd. and is distinguished from them by the number (2-4) of spikes in each inflorescence and the width (2.63.4 mm) and number (69) of veins of perigynia. A new Korean name of C. molestiformis 'Ga-Neun-Ta-Rae-Sa-Cho' was given, as it has slender overall appearance compared with C. maackii (Ta-Rae-Sa-Cho). We also provide a description, illustrations, photographs and a key of related taxa in Korea. We compared three DNA barcode region (chloroplast DNA matK, ndhF and nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer) sequences from C. molestiformis with those of C. maackii and C. scoparia, determining eight species-specific single nucleotide polymorphism sites for C. molestiformis.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

This study was conducted to analyze community structure and species composition of Pinus densiflora for. erecta Stand in Mt. Cheonchuk (653 m). Field survey was carried out from June to September in 2013. 74 plots (20×20 m) were set up, 5 herb layer plots (3×3 m) were constructed for each plot, and there, Diameter at Breast Heigh t(DBH), height, environmental factor, annual growth were measured. Vascular plants were surveyed as following; 66 family, 165 genus, 211 species, 2 sub species, 29 variety, 6 form 248 taxa. Results of cluster analysis for P. densiflora for. erecta forest, 3 communities were divided into; Quercus mongolica (P-1), Quercus variabilis (P-2) and Quercus aliena-Stephanandra incisa (P-3). There were significant environmental factors that organic layer, annual growth, CEC, total total nitrogen, organic matter and pH for each community. As a result of DCA, P-1 and P-2 were distributed large range of environmental factors but relatively limited in P-3. Distributions of herb layer were affected by sand, cation exchange capacity, silt and total nitrogen. Results of MRPP test for herb layer communities, it was significantly analyzed (A=0.003, P<0.008). Species diversity index was highly recorded in P-3 and influenced by cation exchange capacity, total nitrogen, annual growth in consequence of NMS analysis.