• 성인간호학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.560-570
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• 2001

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify factors of the causal attribution of cancer and to determine related variables. Method: Subjects were one hundred and thirty three cancer patients. The tool of the perceived causal attribution used was developed by authors and basically founded on Kim's work(1993). The SAS program was used to analyze the data along with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan's Multiple range test, and Principal component analysis and varimax rotation. Results: 1) The perceived causal attribution measurement revealed four factors; overload, destiny, stress, and constitution. The total percentage of variance explained by the four factors was 44.3%. 2) The scores of destiny on women, having religion, unemployed, lower level of education, no spouse, groups of uterine cervix and lung cancer, not receiving an operation and receiving radiation were significantly higher than those other groups. 3) The scores of stress on women, having religion, and not having a job were significantly higher than those on men, without religion, and having a job. 4) The scores of constitution on those in their forties, women, not receiving an operation and receiving radiation were significantly higher than for those in their sixties, men, receiving operation and not receiving radiation. There was no significant difference in the factor scores of overload by any variables. Conclusion: Factors of the perceived causal attribution of cancer among Korean cancer patients were overload, destiny, stress, and constitution. The scores of each factor the perceived causal attribution was significantly different by general and disease related characteristics.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.217-231
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• 1981

본 연구는 화분단백질을 대상으로 Quercus속 기본종간의 grouping 확인과 그들간의 유사도를 혈청학적 방법으로 결정하고, rocket immunoelectrophoresis의 기술적 가치와 계통분류학적 가치를 논의하였다. 전반적인 정량적, 정성적 data로 보아 Quercus속이 Fagus속과는 멀리 분리되고, Quercus 속내에서는 Cyclobalanopsis 아속이 Lepidobalanus 아속으로부러 뚜렷하게 분리된다. 그러나 Cyclobalanopsis아속이 독립된 속계급까지의 승격은 보증되지 못한다. Lepidobalanus아속에 속하는 종들로 생산된 면역혈청은 같은 아속내의 종들과의 반응에서 강하게 나타났다. 특히 Q. aliena, Q. donarium, Q. serrata는 혈청학적 유사도에 있어서 상호일동으로 나타났다. Q. acutissima는 상기한 종들로부터 약간 멀어진 것 같고, 잡종인 Q. acutissima$\times$variabilis와는 거의 동일성을 나타냈다. 본 계통분류학적 연구에 이용된 rocket immunoelectrophoresis는 새로운 기술로서 그 가치가 증명되었다. 단백질 유사성의 정도를 얻기 위하여 이 기술이 응용되었는데, 모든 rocket height의 총 합계로 결정되었다

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.95-113
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• 2006

This study was conducted comparative analysis of juvenile brassiere and adult brassiere to identify the problems of brassieres on the market. The raw data for this study was processed by SPSS 10.1 version(statistical software) and the results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1) The result of comparative analysis of juvenile brassiere and adult brassiere pattern is that each pattern showed no difference. 2) The results of the comparative analysis of juvenile and adult brassiere pattern in wing's length and angle is that even though there are some difference between juvenile and adult in side line inclination of brassiere. there is no setting difference but size of that brassiere. 3) The result of a comparative analysis pattern and cup size measurement of juvenile brassiere and adult brassiere is that even though the adult cup girth and angle is bigger than the juvenile because adults have more protrusive and bigger volume and well developed breast, some case rather the adult's cup angle is smaller than the juvenile as brand. And as we grow up to be a woman, difference of lower breast girth and breast girth are become big while difference of upper breast girth and breast girth are become small for that reason upper cup must be lower and lower cup must be higher but there is almost no difference between adult and juvenile. 4) The result of a comparative analysis of juvenile brassiere and adult brassiere bust point of the pattern is that adult brassiere's distance between bust points 6.12cm, and juvenile's 5.6cm, there are only 0.52cm difference between two products and just 0.4cm, size grading. These results are explained that even though when grow up to be a woman the distance between two bust points become to be long and breast toward out side but brassiere size don't vary with body characteristic.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.279-285
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to perform a muscle function path analysis of muscle function on myofascial meridians. Method: Seven male students (mean age: $22{\pm}3.46years$; mean mass: $72.71{\pm}8.19kg$; mean height: $174{\pm}4.39cm$) without a history of musculoskeletal system symptoms or injuries were recruited for this study. The measurement muscle of the myofascial line was selected along with the muscle presented in "anatomy trains (Thomas W. Myers. 2014)", and the attachment of the surface EMG (Telemyo 2400T G2, USA) pad was determined according to "EMG analysis (Kim Tae Wan et al., 2013)". The subjects underwent maximum volumetric contraction of their fascia line end muscles three times in lying and standing postures and were subjected to the maximum number of contractions of the myofascial line muscle three times in the lying and standing postures. The sampling rate of the EMG signal was set to 1,000 Hz, and the bandwidth was 20 to 350 Hz. The activity of each muscle was quantitated using the Pearson correlation coefficient, and SPSS 22.0 was used for data analysis. Results: In myofascial meridians, a positive correlation in the myofascial connection and a negative correlation in the mechanical connection were observed. Conclusion: Muscles that show significant contract correlations with one another may be expected to be used as an effective clinical marker in muscle strengthening or relaxation therapy, and rehabilitative training. In this study, the correlation of total myofascial meridians may differ without consideration of functional posture. Future studies need to consider these points.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.55-68
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• 1989

This experiment was carried out to investigate the crack of coated Nitrocellulose Lacquer on flatand edge-grained boards of Quercus acutissima, ring-porous wood, and Betula platyphylla var. japonica, diffuse-porous wood, by variations of moisture contents at 7, 13 and 21%. Cold check system was used as an accelerating method for crack development, in which one cycle of the system consisted of 10 replications of each unit cycle, $60^{\circ}C$ for 4hr followdd by $-20^{\circ}C$ for 4hr. The analysis of Nitrocellulose Lacquer characteristics was made by means of water permeation measurement, F.T.I.R. spectroscopy, N.M.R. spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, gas chromatography, and D.S.C. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The number of cracks increased with the increasing moisture content of board. 2. The crack of coated film on flat-grained board was fewer in number than on edge-grained board. 3. The crack occurred in Quercus acutissima was more numerous on edge-grained board but less frequent on flat-grained board compared with that in Betula platyphylla var. japonica, respectively. 4. The cold crack vertically developed to the grain both in Quercus acutissima and Betula platyphylla var. japonica. 5. Water permeability in intermediate coated film was lower than in under and top coated film, but the difference was not confirmed between under and top coated film.

• 아동학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.35-49
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• 2003

아동의 도덕성 발달이 가정환경적 요인과 사회적 요인들에 의하여 영향을 받는다는 것은 이미 여러 선행연구에 의해 밝혀진 바이다. 하지만 아동은 유아기 때부터 그들이 가지고 있는 정의와 공평에 대한 개념을 바탕으로 도덕적 판단, 즉 무엇이 옳고 그른지에 대한 결정을 함에도 불구하고, 대부분의 연구들은 편의상 초, 중, 고등학교 학생을 대상으로 하고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 6, 7세 유아의 도덕성 발달이 어떤 가족요인들에 의해 영향을 받는지를 살펴보고자 한다. 여러 가족요인들 중에서 본 연구는 가정의 사회인구학적 변인, 어머니의 가치관과 종교, 그리고 가정환경의 질에 초점을 두었다. 6,7세 아동과 어머니 41쌍이 조사 관찰되었다. 아동의 도덕성 발달은 Moral Development Scale Interview에 의해, 어머니의 가치관은 Schaefer and Edgerton Rank-Order of Parental Values에 의해, 가정환경의 질은 Home Observation for the Measurement of the Environment(Preschool Version)에 의해 측정되었으며, 자료분석을 위해 correlation, t-test, multiple regression, path analysis가 사용되었다. 이에 따른 본 연구의 결과는, 가정환경의 질이 유아의 도덕성 발달과 정적인 상관관계가 있음을 증명 하였다. 즉, 어머니가 유아에게 지지적이고 자극적인 가정환경을 제공할수록 유아는 Moral Development Scale Interview에서 더 높은 접수를 받았다. 다중회귀분석에서도 가정환경의 질이 유아의 도덕성 발달을 예측하는 가장 영향력 있는 변인으로 나타났다. 또한 본 연구를 통하여 어머니의 교육정도와 가정의 소득정도가 가정환경의 질을 예측하는 중요한 요인임이 확인되었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1269-1281
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• 2016

This study evaporative cooling system a heat wave climate change and reduction of the inside and outside thermal environment change research. Measurement items included micro meteorological phenomena and measured comfort indices. A micro meteorograph of temperature, relative humidity, surface temperature, and the comfort indices of WBGT, UTCI, and PMV were measured. The difference in inside and outside temperatures were compared for different land types, with the largest difference found in Type A ($4.81^{\circ}C$), followed by Type B ($4.40^{\circ}C$) and Type C ($3.12^{\circ}C$). Relative humidity was about 10.43% higher inside due to water injection by the evaporative cooling system. Surface temperature was inside about $6.60^{\circ}C$ higher than the outside all types. WBGT were Type A ($3.50^{\circ}C$) > Type B ($2.71^{\circ}C$) > Type C ($1.88^{\circ}C$). UTCI was low heat stress inside than outside all types. PMV was analysed Type C for inside predicted percentage of dissatisfied 75%, other types was percentage of dissatisfied 100% by inside and outside. Correlation analysis between land cover type and temperature, surface temperature, pmv, utci. T-test analysed inside and outside temperature difference was significant in all types of land.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.17-40
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• 1987

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of clasp design on abutment tooth adjacent to a distal extension base under the influence by the location of functional loading. The RPI clasp, the Akers clasp and the combination clasp were selected for evaluation. Tests were performed at 10Kg, 20Kg, 30Kg loads on the buccal, central, lingual, mesial and distal positions of loading platform of each mandibular distal extension partial denture. The laser reflexion method was used for three dimensional measurement of abutment movement, which is possible to measure precisely without contact. The movement in the mesiodistal(X), buccolingual(Y), and occlusoapical(Z) directions and the rotational movement(R) were measured, and in addition, the total movement (SV) as expressed by the three dimensional summation vector independent of direction was calculated. The data were analyzed using Student t-test, p<.05. The following results were obtained from this study; 1. Clasp design did not generally affect the direction of abutment tooth movement except the movement in an undesirable occlusal direction in case of the Akers clasp and the combination clasp. 2. The greater the load on the prosthesis, the greater was the abutment tooth movement, and the direction of abutment tooth movement was affected by positional loading. 3. Each prosthesis was dislodged from the test base under the small amount of load in the distal load position, and the buccal loading showed the greatest abutment tooth movement under the maximum load. 4. RPI clasp was evaluated as the most favorable design.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.302-307
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• 2017

PURPOSE. This study compared the SCGAs measured in three types of radiographic images (panoramic, CBCT panoramic-section, and CBCT cross-section images) with values measured using the protrusive occlusal record. MATERIALS AND METHODS. SCGAs were measured in 20 patients on a semi-adjustable articulator using the protrusive interocclusal record. Panoramic and CBCT images were obtained. SCGAs were measured on CBCT images in panoramic and cross sections. In all of the radiographic images, SCGAs were measured using the Frankfort horizontal reference line and the mean curvature line. The most-superior and most-inferior points of the curvatures were identified to determine the mean curvature line. Each measurement was performed twice by two operators independently. The data were analyzed by the t-test, Pearson's correlation test, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ using SPSS (${\alpha}=.05$). RESULTS. The mean right and left SCGAs were as follows: protrusive occlusal record (30.1 and 30.2 degrees, respectively), panoramic (38.9 and 38.7 degrees), CBCT panoramic sections (35.4 and 36.8 degrees), and CBCT cross sections (35.3 and 36.1 degrees). The SCGAs differed significantly among the groups. The Pearson coefficients for the correlations with the protrusive occlusal record measurements on the left and right sides were as follows: panoramic (0.834 and 0.791, respectively), CBCT panoramic-section (0.918 and 0.837), and CBCT cross-section (0.918 and 0.845) images. CONCLUSION. Strong correlations were found between SCGAs obtained using radiographic images and the protrusive occlusal record.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.1784-1789
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• 2002

One hundred and twenty-eight growing barrows (Jiaxing Black${\times}$Duroc${\times}$Landrace) at an average BW of 20.8 kg were allocated to four treatments for 42 days, each of which was replicated four times with eight pigs per replicate and used to investigate the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on digestive enzyme activities, intestinal microflora and morphology of growing pigs. The pigs received the same basal corn-soybean meal diet and FOS was added to the basal diet at 0, 2, 4, 6 g/kg diet at the expense of corn, respectively. As compared to control, supplementation with 4 and 6 g/kg FOS significantly improved average daily gain and feed efficiency. Addition of FOS enhanced the growth of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, but inhibited Clostridium and Escherichia coli in the small intestinal and proximal colonic contents. Supplementation with 4 and 6 g/kg FOS significantly improved the activities of total protease, trypsin and amylase in the small intestinal contents. However, FOS had no significant effect on the activity of lipase in the small intestinal contents as well as the digestive enzymes in pancreas. Morphological measurement of jejunal mucosa did show response to consumption of FOS. Villus height and the villus height to crypt depth ratio at the jejunal mucosa were significantly higher with 4 and 6 g/kg FOS supplementation as compared to control.