• Title/Summary/Keyword: T-C

Search Result 19,969, Processing Time 0.044 seconds

BOUNDARY-VALUED CONDITIONAL YEH-WIENER INTEGRALS AND A KAC-FEYNMAN WIENER INTEGRAL EQUATION

  • Park, Chull;David Skoug
    • Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
    • /
    • v.33 no.4
    • /
    • pp.763-775
    • /
    • 1996
  • For $Q = [0,S] \times [0,T]$ let C(Q) denote Yeh-Wiener space, i.e., the space of all real-valued continuous functions x(s,t) on Q such that x(0,t) = x(s,0) = 0 for every (s,t) in Q. Yeh [10] defined a Gaussian measure $m_y$ on C(Q) (later modified in [13]) such that as a stochastic process ${x(s,t), (s,t) \epsilon Q}$ has mean $E[x(s,t)] = \smallint_{C(Q)} x(s,t)m_y(dx) = 0$ and covariance $E[x(s,t)x(u,\upsilon)] = min{s,u} min{t,\upsilon}$. Let $C_\omega \equiv C[0,T]$ denote the standard Wiener space on [0,T] with Wiener measure $m_\omega$. Yeh [12] introduced the concept of the conditional Wiener integral of F given X, E(F$\mid$X), and for case X(x) = x(T) obtained some very useful results including a Kac-Feynman integral equation.

  • PDF

CONVERGENCE OF VISCOSITY APPROXIMATIONS TO FIXED POINTS OF NONEXPANSIVE NONSELF-MAPPINGS IN BANACH SPACES

  • Jung, Jong-Soo
    • East Asian mathematical journal
    • /
    • v.24 no.1
    • /
    • pp.81-95
    • /
    • 2008
  • Let E be a uniformly convex Banach space with a uniformly $G{\hat{a}}teaux$ differentiable norm, C a nonempty closed convex subset of E, and $T\;:\;C\;{\rightarrow}\;E$ a nonexpansive mapping satisfying the weak inwardness condition. Assume that every weakly compact convex subset of E has the fixed point property. For $f\;:\;C\;{\rightarrow}\;C$ a contraction and $t\;{\in}\;(0,\;1)$, let $x_t$ be a unique fixed point of a contraction $T_t\;:\;C\;{\rightarrow}\;E$, defined by $T_tx\;=\;tf(x)\;+\;(1\;-\;t)Tx$, $x\;{\in}\;C$. It is proved that if {$x_t$} is bounded, then $x_t$ converges to a fixed point of T, which is the unique solution of certain variational inequality. Moreover, the strong convergence of other implicit and explicit iterative schemes involving the sunny nonexpansive retraction is also given in a reflexive and strictly convex Banach space with a uniformly $G{\hat{a}}teaux$ differentiable norm.

  • PDF

MnIr Thickness Dependence of Torque Signals in CoFe/MnIr Thin Films (CoFe/MnIr 박막 재료에서 MnIr의 두께에 따른 토오크 신호 분석)

  • Kim, Dong Young;Yoon, Seok Soo
    • Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
    • /
    • v.24 no.5
    • /
    • pp.140-145
    • /
    • 2014
  • We analyzed the MnIr thickness dependence of torque signals measured in exchange coupled CoFe/MnIr ($t_{AF}$) bilayers. The measured torque signals were compared with calculated ones by Stoner-Wohlfarth model. The exchange coupling anisotropy $J_c$ was considered for the model calculation between ferromagnetic (F) and antiferromagnetic (AF) layers with uniaxial anisotropy constant of $K_F$ and $K_{AF}$, respectively. The rotational losses were appeared in the range of $0.5t_c$ < $t_{AF}$ < $t_c$ ($=J_c/K_{AF}$) by the unpinned AF layer. While, the unidirectional anisotropy ($J_k$) was caused by the pinned AF layer at $t_{AF}$ > $t_c$. The critical thickness of MnIr layer was $t_c$ = 3.4 nm in CoFe/MnIr bilayers. The rotational losses behavior as shown in $t_{AF}$ = 3 nm sample were explained by the random orientation of the easy axis of AF grains. The unidirectional anisotropy obtained from torque signal of $t_{AF}$ = 10 nm sample was $J_k=0.63J_c$. Thus, the unidirectional anisotropy can be enhanced up to $J_k=J_c$ by aligning the AF easy axis.

Effects of Water Temperature on Egg Development, Hatching and Laval Growth Rearing of the Pacific Cod Gadus macrocephalus (태평양 대구 Gadus macrocephalus 채란, 부화 및 자어성장에 미치는 수온의 영향)

  • Lee, Jeong-Yong;Lee, Chae-Sung;Kim, Wan-Ki;Park, Sang-Un;Min, Byung-Hwa
    • Journal of Aquaculture
    • /
    • v.20 no.4
    • /
    • pp.260-264
    • /
    • 2007
  • We investigated egg collection and the effects of water temperature (4, 7, 10, 13 and $16^{\circ}C$) on egg development, hatching and larval growth of Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus under laboratory conditions. Fertilized eggs were round in shape ($1.01{\pm}0.03\;cm$) and adhesive to nylon nets. Fertilization rate was 68% by wet method. The time of egg development was negatively proportional to water temperature with the range of $4^{\circ}C$ to $13^{\circ}C$. Eggs hatched only at $7^{\circ}C$ after 288 hours of fertilization and $10^{\circ}C$ after 192 hours. Hatching rate was highest as 65% at $7^{\circ}C$ followed by $34.4^{\circ}C$ at $10^{\circ}C$. Survival rate was 18.3% at $7^{\circ}C$ and 5.2% at $10^{\circ}C$.

Analysis of Carbon Fixation in Natural Forests of Quercus mongolica and Quercus variabilis (신갈나무와 굴참나무 천연림(天然林)의 탄소(炭素) 고정량(固定量) 분석(分析))

  • Song, Cheel-Young;Chang, Kwansoon;Park, Kwansoo;Lee, Seungwoo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
    • /
    • v.86 no.1
    • /
    • pp.35-45
    • /
    • 1997
  • This study has been carried out to estimate carbon fixation, and carbon NPP based on equation form of $Wt=aD^bH^c$ in natural stand of Quercus mongolica and Quercus variabilis in Chungju. The effect of improvement of environment was also evaluated by estimating sink of $CO_2$ gas in forest ecosystem of Korea in a year. The following effects have been obtained in analysing estimate of allometric equation. Equation form of $Wt=aD^bH^c$ was the most adequate, those of $Wt=a(D^2H)^b$, $Wt=aD^b$ estimate of the biomass and the carbon fixation in Quercus natural stand of Chungju. Total above ground of Quercus mongolica was 130.58 t/ha and that of Quercus variabilis was 137.38 t/ha. Annual production of two stands was 9.96 t/ha/yr, 8.64 t/ha/yr, respectively. Carbon fixation of total above ground was 60.52t C/ha in Quercus mongolica stand, and was 62.22t C/ha in Quercus variabilis stand. Annual fixation of carbon was 4.78t C/ha/yr and 4.28t C/ha/yr, seperately. Annual emission of carbon estimated 2.44t C/ha/yr in contrast of forest area in Korea. It was showed that the annual fixation of carbon was higher 1.84t C/ha/yr~2.34t C/ha/yr than annual emission of carbon. But foliage was 2.39t C/ha/yr and 1.89t C/ha/yr, which occupied 40% and 50% of annual carbon fixation of total above ground. Annual carbon fixation may fluctuate about 1.89t C/ha/yr~2.39t C/ha/yr by seasons.

  • PDF

Effects of Dietary Oils and Tocopherol Supplementation on Fatty acid, Amino acid, TBARS, VBN and Sensory Characteristics of Pork Meat (식이 오일과 토코페롤 급여가 돈육의 지방산, 아미노산, TBARS, VBN 및 관능적 품질에 미치는 영향)

  • Jin, Sang-Keun;Kim, Il-Suk;Song, Young-Min;Hah, Kyung-Hee
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.45 no.2
    • /
    • pp.297-308
    • /
    • 2003
  • Subjective pork quality was determined on the six groups of the following treatments. Meat samples were obtained from pigs which had been fed with finishing pig diets containing 5% beef tallow(C), 3% beef tallow and 2% perillar seed oil(T1), 250ppm vitamin E($\alpha$-tocopheryl acetate) in T1(T2), 3% beef tallow and 2% squid viscera oil(T3), 250ppm vitamin E in T3(T4), 3% beef tallow and 2% CLA(Conjugated linoleic acid, T5). In the fatty acid composition, SFA(Saturated fatty acid) and EFA(Essential fatty acid) were higher in T5 than in the rest of three treatments such as C, T1, T3 groups, while UFA(Unsaturated fatty acid), MUFA(Monounsaturated fatty acid), UFA/SFA, MUFA/SFA were low. The total content of amino acid in the T3 were higher those for the rest of rest of C, T1, T5 the content for vitamin added treatment(T2, T4) groups higher than non treated one. T3 and T5 showed higher TBARS(Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) values than the C and T1 groups VBN(Volatile basic nitrogen) values were higher in the order of T5>T3>T1>C. There was no difference in total plate counts, number of lactic acid bacteria and number of E. coli. In sensory property, the C and T1 showed a higher acceptance than the T3 and T5. In cooked meats, the T3 showed a lower hardness than that of control(C), T1 and, with a higher acceptance. In TBARS, VBN, total counts, lactic counts, and E. coli counts, sensory test of cooked meat and raw meat, there was no significant difference between vitamin supplement groups within each oil treatment.

T-curve, wear and Erosion of Silicon Carbide (탄화규소의 T-curve, 마모 및 침식)

  • 채준혁;조성재;윤경진;김석삼
    • Tribology and Lubricants
    • /
    • v.14 no.4
    • /
    • pp.114-120
    • /
    • 1998
  • The T-curve, wear and erosion behaviors of two different silicon carbides, i.e., the fine grained SiC and the in situ-toughened SiC(IST-SiC). Both materials exhibited an increasing T-curve behavior, although the T-curve of IST-SiC was steeper than that of fine grained SiC. The fracture toughness of IST-SiC was larger than that of fine grained SiC at long crack regime, whereas an opposite tendency occurred at short crack regime. The rate of material removal during wear and erosion tests was higher in IST-SiC compared to fine grained SiC. The difference between the material removal rates of two materials was discussed in the light of their R-curve behaviors.

Design of the TMO Specification Language C++ and Development of the C++T=to-C++ Translator (TMO 모델 명세 언어 C++T의 설계 및 C++T-to-C++번역기의 개발)

  • Kim, Mun-Hoe;Park, Yong-U
    • The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
    • /
    • v.5 no.3
    • /
    • pp.795-810
    • /
    • 1998
  • 현재, 컴퓨터를 사용하는 실시간 시스템의 응용분야에 대한 요구가 급속히 증가하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 실시간 시스템의 개발은 체계적인 접근방법이 부족하다는 이유로 더디게 진행되고 있다. 체계적인 접근방법의 하나는 실시간 시스템의 시간적인 특성과 기능적인 행동을 잘 추상화 해 줄 수 있는 좋은 모델을 사용하는 것이다. 지금까지 객체지향 개념에 기반한 많은 모델들이 개발되어 소개되고 있다. 그 중 UCI에서 개발된 TMO (Time-triggered Message-triggered Object) 모델은 위에서 언급한 요구사항을 잘 만족시켜 준다. [1]본 논문에서는 이러한 TMO 모델을 가장 잘 명세해 줄 수 있도록 해 주는 TMO 모델 명세언어인 C++T를 설계하고 이에 대해 상세히 기술한다. 또한, 이러한 C++T 명세를 기존의 언어인 C++로 번역해 줄 수 있는 C++T번역기를 설계하고 개발한다. 마지막으로, TMO 명세언어 C++T를 기반으로 한 TMO 통합개발환경에 대하여 소개한다.

  • PDF

AN EVALUATION FORMULA FOR A GENERALIZED CONDITIONAL EXPECTATION WITH TRANSLATION THEOREMS OVER PATHS

  • Cho, Dong Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
    • /
    • v.57 no.2
    • /
    • pp.451-470
    • /
    • 2020
  • Let C[0, T] denote an analogue of Wiener space, the space of real-valued continuous functions on the interval [0, T]. For a partition 0 = t0 < t1 < ⋯ < tn < tn+1 = T of [0, T], define Xn : C[0, T] → ℝn+1 by Xn(x) = (x(t0), x(t1), …, x(tn)). In this paper we derive a simple evaluation formula for Radon-Nikodym derivatives similar to the conditional expectations of functions on C[0, T] with the conditioning function Xn which has a drift and does not contain the present position of paths. As applications of the formula with Xn, we evaluate the Radon-Nikodym derivatives of the functions ∫0T[x(t)]mdλ(t)(m∈ℕ) and [∫0Tx(t)dλ(t)]2 on C[0, T], where λ is a complex-valued Borel measure on [0, T]. Finally we derive two translation theorems for the Radon-Nikodym derivatives of the functions on C[0, T].

CONVERGENCE OF APPROXIMATING PATHS TO SOLUTIONS OF VARIATIONAL INEQUALITIES INVOLVING NON-LIPSCHITZIAN MAPPINGS

  • Jung, Jong-Soo;Sahu, Daya Ram
    • Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
    • /
    • v.45 no.2
    • /
    • pp.377-392
    • /
    • 2008
  • Let X be a real reflexive Banach space with a uniformly $G\hat{a}teaux$ differentiable norm, C a nonempty closed convex subset of X, T : C $\rightarrow$ X a continuous pseudocontractive mapping, and A : C $\rightarrow$ C a continuous strongly pseudocontractive mapping. We show the existence of a path ${x_t}$ satisfying $x_t=tAx_t+(1- t)Tx_t$, t $\in$ (0,1) and prove that ${x_t}$ converges strongly to a fixed point of T, which solves the variational inequality involving the mapping A. As an application, we give strong convergence of the path ${x_t}$ defined by $x_t=tAx_t+(1-t)(2I-T)x_t$ to a fixed point of firmly pseudocontractive mapping T.