• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2015

Attention to munitions constituents such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in the firing ranges is increasing due to their toxicity and high mobility to the environment. It is helpful to use a systemic model to predict the amount of contaminants for the establishment of environmental management of firing ranges. This study employed Training Range Environmental Evaluation and Characterization System (TREECS) program to estimate the mobility characteristics of TNT and RDX via groundwater leaching, soil erosion and surface water runoff. The prediction results of the TNT and RDX migration with TREECS showed that 68% of initial TNT and 21% of initial RDX were discharged through the soil erosion and the 20% of initial TNT and 54% of initial RDX ran out the firing range via the groundwater leaching. The rest of the initial TNT and RDX moved to adjacent surface water via surface runoff. The data suggest that soil erosion and surface runoff occupying 80% of TNT to the total amount are important migration pathways. On the other hand, groundwater leachning occupying 54% to the total amount was also important pathway for RDX.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.139-155
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• 2003

본 논문은 결합된 의사결정 나무(C4.5)와 신경망기법을 적용함으로써 고객의 신용에 대한 예측을 높이기 위하여 이동통신 고객의 패턴을 분류하고, 분석하는 새로운 방법에 대하여 연구하였다. 의사 결정나무(C4.5)를 형성하여 선택된 결정변수와 함께 규칙을 생성함으로써, 신경망의 입력벡터 값을 정의하는 체계적인 방법을 제시하였다. 고객 관리측면에서 본 논문은 이동 통신 회사의 기존고객을 분류하여 패턴을 분석함으로써 우수한 고객의 지속적인 관리와 이탈 가능성이 많은 고객을 차별 관리하여 기업이익을 증대시킬 수 있을 것이다. 또한 이러한 분류를 통하여 신규 고객에 반영함으로써 고객의 향후 관리에도 기여할 수 있을 것이다. 실제 이동통신 고객데이터를 중심으로 연구의 결과는 예측의 정확도가 기존의 의사결정 트리 모델 (CART, C4.5), 회귀모형, 신경망 접근 방법과 기존에 연구되었던 결합모델(CART ＆ 신경망)보다 훨씬 높게 연구되었다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제40권spc호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2010

Specific diseases like cancer and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) occur at various organs including lymphatics and spread through lymphatic system. Thus, if therapeutic agents for such diseases are more distributed or targeted to lymphatic system, we can obtain several advantages like reduction of systemic side effect and increase of efficacy. For these reasons, much interest has been focused on the nature of lymphatics and a lot of studies for lymphatic delivery of drugs have been carried out. Because lymphatics consist of single layer endothelium and have high permeability compared with blood capillaries, especially, the studies using nano-sized carriers have been performed. Polymeric nano-particle, liposome, and lipid-based vehicle have been adopted for lymphatic delivery as carriers. According to the administration route and the kind of carrier, the extent of lymphatic delivery efficiency of nano-sized carriers has been changed and influenced by several factors such as size, charge, hydrophobicity and surface feature of carrier. In this review, we summarized the key factors which affect lymphatic uptake and the major features of carriers for achieving the lymphatic delivery. Lymphatic delivery of drug using nano-sized carriers has many fold improved ability of lymphatic delivery compared with that of conventional dosage forms, but it has not shown whole lymph selectivity yet. Even though nano-sized carriers still have the potential and worth to study as lymphatic drug delivery technology as before, full understanding of delivery mechanism and influencing factors, and setting of pharmacokinetic model are required for more ideal lymphatic delivery of drug.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.71-84
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• 2003

This study was attempted to offer the basic data required for composing a systemic education contents for health by analyzing the contents related to health education shown in the guidebook for teachers and the schoolbook for students of all grades in the current 7th education course for elementary school. The objectives and data were totally 162 copies which were 90 copies of national schoolbook for 1~6 grades and 72 copies of guidebook for teachers used in elementary schools in the 7th educational course. The standards of selection for the contents related to health education including in each schoolbook were divided into 11 themes using the health care model suggested by Kim, Hwa Joong(1995) in the guidebook for health curriculum for elementary middle high schools. The results of this study are as follows: Firstly, the total hours of health education suggested in the 7th educational course for elementary school were 274 hours and it was 6.2% of the total class of 4,442 hours. Secondly, the contents about health education were distributed into 9 subjects of The right livelihood, The wise livelihood, The cheerful livelihood, Korean, Morals, Society, Science, Physical education, and Practical course etc. Physical education had the most contents about health education and there was nothing in Mathematics, Music and Arts. Thirdly, contents about health of regional society and environmental health were the most of 53 hours(19.3%), and contents about understanding of health were the least of 4 hours(1.4%). Fourthly, contents included equally in every grades were those about safety and emergency response, health of home and society, health of regional society and environmental health.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.137-142
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• 2000

Background: Systemic or intrathecal administration of gabapentin has been shown to reverse various pain states. However, until now, the effect of intracerebroventricular (ICV) gabapentin to noxious stimuli has not been reported. The authors' aim of this study was to determine the effect of ICV gabapentin on the inflammatory nociceptive model, formalin test, in rats. Methods: ICV catheters were implanted under halothane anesthesia. For the nociceptive test, $50{\mu}l$ of 5% formalin was subcutaneously injected into the hindpaw. The effect of ICV gabapentin, administered 10 min before formalin injection, were examined on flinching, mean arterial pressure and heart rate evoked by a injection of formalin. Results: Injection of formalin into the paw resulted in a biphasic flinching and cardiovascular response. ICV gabapentin produced a dose-dependent suppression of the flinching and mean arterial pressure response during phase 1. In contrast, in phase 2, ICV gabapentin did not attenuate the pain behavior. ICV gabapentin did not affect on the baseline mean arterial pressure and heart rate. Conclusions: ICV gbapentin was effective for the acute noxious stimulus but it had no effect on the facilitated states induced by tissue injury.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.467-473
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• 2018

Objective : The aim of this study was to determine outcome of ischemic stroke patients in the anterior circulation treated with endovascular treatment (EVT) with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) versus EVT alone group. Methods : A systemic literature review was performed using online database from January 2004 to January 2017. Primary outcomes were successful recanalization seen on finial angiography and good outcome at three months. Secondary outcomes were mortality and the development of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (S-ICH) after the procedure. A fixed effect model was used when heterogeneity was less than 50%. Egger's regression test was used to assess publication bias. Results : Five studies were included for final analysis. Between EVT with IVT and EVT alone group, successful recanalization (odds ratio [OR] 1.467, p=0.216), good clinical outcome at three months (OR 1.199, p=0.385), mortality (OR 0.776, p=0.371), and S-ICH (OR 1.820, p=0.280) did not differ significantly. Egger's regression intercept with 95% confidence interval (CI) was 1.99 (95% CI -2.91 to 6.89) in successful recanalization and -0.27 (95% CI -6.35 to 5.80) in good clinical outcome, respectively. Conclusion : The two treatment modalities, EVT with IVT and EVT alone, could be comparable in treating acute anterior circulation stroke. Studies to find specific beneficiary group for EVT alone, without primary IVT, are needed further.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.2258-2263
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• 2006

본 논문은 shallow trench isolation (STI) 공정에서 ILD (inter-layer dielectric) 막의 수분에 의해 야기되는 단 채널 (short-channel) nMOSFET의 hump 특성의 원인을 분석하고 억제 방법을 제안하였다. 다양한 게이트를 가지는 소자와 TDS-APIMS(Thermal Desorption System-Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry) 측정을 이용하여 hump 특성을 체계적으로 분석하였고, 분석을 바탕으로 단 채널 hump모델을 제안하였다. 제안된 모델에 의한 단 채널 nMOSFET의 hump 현상은 poly-Si 게이트 위의 ILD 막의 수분이 상부의 SiN 막에 의해 밖으로 확산되지 못하고 게이트와 STI의 경계면으로 확산하여 발생한 것이 며, 이를 개선하기 위해 상부의 SiN 막의 증착 전 열공정을 통해 ILD 막의 수분을 효과적으로 배출시킴으로써 hump 특성을 성공적으로 억제하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.186-195
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 프로그램 논리모형에 근거하여 자원봉사센터의 조직성과에 영향을 미치는 요인을 내부자원, 내부요인과 외부요인으로 구분하여 접근하였다. SUR 분석 방법을 통해 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 내부자원으로서 센터의 예산 변수가 자원봉사센터 조직성과에 중요한 요인으로 작용하고 있다. 둘째, 외부요인으로서 시민사회 역량과 이해관계자지지 변수도 조직성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 내부요인으로서 민간위탁 운영방식은 직영방식과 비교해 조직성과 차이를 가져오지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 다차원의 조직성과를 측정함에 있어 SUR 모형을 활용함으로써 회귀분석에서 나타나는 오차항간의 상관관계 문제를 해소하여 보다 효율적인 추정치를 획득하였다는 방법론적 의의를 갖는다. 다만, 보다 체계적인 조직성과 검증을 위해서는 단년도 자료보다는 다년도 자료의 활용이 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.154-163
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• 2013

Current principles of designating a smoking area within a non-smoking area rely on mere compartmentalization. This causes non-smokers aversion against smokers and smokers complaints about anti-smoking policies, which means both of them are not satisfied with the current scheme. In addition, such a system, far from the original intent of the law, does not provide appropriate respect for people's rights. The biggest problem of the current scheme is that smoking areas are not separated from non-smoking areas. Japan has continued installing independent smoking areas since 2002 and witnessed a decrease in the smoking rate. The country's success is attributable to: the state's active intervention in connection with enterprises; continuous environmental improvements and creation of goods; 'smoking etiquette' campaigns; and the sociality and group consciousness of Japanese people. It is recognized that the synergy of the designation of independent smoking areas and such multi-faceted efforts has led to the nation's accomplishment. Hence, it is required to install independent smoking areas in non-smoking areas in Seoul in order to respect the rights of smokers and non-smokers and resolve conflicts between them. It is not suitable to merely model after Japan's case, however, studies and guidelines that are tailored to Korea's own environment and social atmosphere are required. To ensure that the people recognize the necessity for smoking areas, a social consensus is formed and proper smoking areas are established in a systemic manner, a system for that purpose should connote a symbol of the social consensus and consequent guidelines should take physical elements, human activities and semantic assignment into consideration. This study aims to present basic guidelines to install separated smoking areas, which will keep distance between smokers and non-smokers, form a social consensus and establish a sound smoking culture. These would ensure that the rights of both smokers and non-smokers are fully respected and that government policies are trusted by the people.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.739-746
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of stress symptoms, oral habits and temporomanbibular joint symptom among 20-30 ages adults. And it's also meant to investigate the direct and indirect influence of these factors by using a path model to determine their causal relationship. Methods : The subjects in this study were 287 selected 20-30 ages adults, on whom a survey was conducted from June 15 to July 10, 2014. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0(SPSS 18.0 K for window, SPSS Inc USA) and IBM SPSS Amos 18.0(SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). Results : There were significant differences in oral habits, TMJ symptoms and stress according to gender. There were significant differences in oral habits, TMJ symptoms, physical and psycho-emotional symptoms according to Systemic disease. And stress, physical, psycho-emotional symptoms, oral habits and TMJ symptoms were correlated to one another. Stress exerted a direct influence on physical, psycho-emotional symptoms, and psycho-emotional symptoms had a direct impact on physical symptoms, oral habits and TMJ symptoms. Physical symptoms exercised a direct influence on oral habits and TMJ symptoms, and oral habits affected TMJ symptoms in a direct way. physical, psycho-emotional symptoms and oral habits served as parameters that produced partial mediation effects, and the two factors had an indirect impact on TMJ symptoms. Conclusions : It's found that stress exerted direct and indirect influence on oral parafunction and TMJ symptoms. Like other diseases, oral habits and TMJ symptom that stem from stress is likely to lead to chronic diseases if the two are not noticed at the right time. Therefore individual people should try to get rid of stress in a manner to be appropriate for their own characteristics in order to maintain their oral health.