• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.239-252
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• 2018

Many critics on William Faulkner's As I Lay Dying have read Addie Bundren as the disrupter of patriarchal power. By raising a question about the usefulness of language, which is the symbolic power of patriarchy and having an affair with the preacher Whitfield outside her wedlock, Addie directly challenges patriarchal power. From a quite different vantage point, however, we can read Addie as the faithful protector of the norm of whiteness in the South in light of the social hierarchy. As a former school teacher, Addie is from middle class before her marriage. By her marriage to Anse, who is a lower-class white, Addie has class anxiety that her social status in the stratum of whiteness could be degraded from a middle to a lower-class white, "white trash," which means that she is not white enough to be considered as the normative whiteness. Especially, Addie's anxiety increases due to the fact that her lazy husband is reluctant to work and relies on her neighbors, causing her family to be entrapped at the bottom in the stratum of whiteness. Therefore, she decides to take revenge on her husband after giving birth to her second child Darl by asking Anse to bury her dead body in her familial burial site in Jefferson. By rendering her family to suffer the hardship during her funeral procession, not only does she succeed in taking revenge on Anse on the surface, she regains her social status as a middle-class white by being buried in Jefferson fundamentally.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.461-466
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 DECO(Dictionnaire Electronique du COreen) 한국어 전자사전과 LGG(Local-Grammar Graph)에 기반한 반자동 언어데이터 증강(Semi-automatic Symbolic Propagation: SSP) 방식에 입각하여, 핀테크 분야의 CS(Customer Service) 챗봇 NLU(Natural Language Understanding)을 위한 주석 학습 데이터를 효과적으로 생성하고, 이를 기반으로 RASA 오픈 소스에서 제공하는 DIET(Dual Intent and Entity Transformer) 아키텍처를 활용하여 핀테크 CS 챗봇 NLU 시스템을 구현하였다. 실 데이터을 통해 확인된 핀테크 분야의 32가지의 토픽 유형 및 38가지의 핵심 이벤트와 10가지 담화소 구성에 따라, DECO-LGG 데이터 생성 모듈은 질의 및 불만 화행에 대한 양질의 주석 학습 데이터를 효과적으로 생성하며, 이를 의도 분류 및 Slot-filling을 위한 개체명 인식을 종합적으로 처리하는 End to End 방식의 멀티태스크 트랜스포머 모델 DIET로 학습함으로써 DIET-only F1-score 0.931(Intent)/0.865(Slot/Entity), DIET+KoBERT F1-score 0.951(Intent)/0.901(Slot/Entity)의 성능을 확인하였으며, DECO-LGG 기반의 SSP 생성 데이터의 학습 데이터로서의 효과성과 함께 KoBERT에 기반한 DIET 모델 성능의 우수성을 입증하였다.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.43-51
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• 2004

1"his Study is to make research a Image and Symbol in the Gothic Architecture. Firstly, the concept of the symbol and the image effect are essentially based on the meaning that the activity of consciousness take on the constitution of the symbol. Therefore the image represent the deepest content of human nature has been imagination and reality. Secondly, the symbol concept showed in Gothic Architecture was associated with the passion of the order of middle ages. The world, the cosmos and the history had been revealed in Gothic architecture. In Gothic Image, Emile Male maintained the symbol of the Catholic Church as above mentioned. The Catholic Church was mirror of the natural, the institution, the moral and history, then this passion of the order was a christian order. Especially, E. Panofsky said that the scholastic method was shown in Gothic architecture. He assert that it was especially dialectic method used in theology. That is, he explained the transfiguration of Gothic Architecture with the process of thesis, anti-thesis, synthesis. These symbolize light, magnitude, clearness. Finally, symbolic image is important in Post-Modem architecture at present. Post-Modern architecture is associated with the public and the Pluralism. Post-Modern architecture attempt to communicate as symbolic language among the assumption for diverse aspect of culture.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.21
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• pp.271-288
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• 2010

In their everyday life, people form social phenomena and relations through the shapes and habits of animals. Therefore, animals contain the idea of the way of life of certain nations, spiritual and cultural feelings, and the symbolic meaning which can be recognized between the members of the unique nation. The symbolism of animals varies depending on different nations, because the adages are the essence of the language including their culture, thought, custom, and life. Examining their own adages can be one of the ways to find out what the animals symbolize in different nations. Another reason is that they are the dictionaries, reflecting their own way of thinking and traditional values, so to speak. The research shows that, between Korean and Chinese adages, it is in a similar frequency, using materials such as mammals, birds, fishes, reptiles, and insects. The adages are focused on the 12 animals which is familiar to both nations, a rat, an ox, a tiger, a rabbit, a dragon, a snake, a horse, a lamb, a monkey, a rooster, a dog and a boar. We compared the symbolism, the surface meanings in adages, and the figurative meanings of these animals in Korea and China. As a result, it is found that some are almost the same in usage. However, some are totally different such as expressions related to the animals, the cultural differences and clear understanding. It is necessary to do comparative researches in a detailed and various way by studying the issues derived from verbalism.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.417-437
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• 2022

The quality of the fuzzing seed file is one of the important factors to discover vulnerabilities faster. Although the prior seed generation paradigm, using dynamic taint analysis and symbolic execution techniques, enhanced fuzzing efficiency, the yare not extensively applied owing to their high complexity and need for expertise. This study proposed the DDRFuzz system, which creates seed files based on sequence-to-sequence models. We evaluated DDRFuzz on five open-source applications that used multimedia input files. Following experimental results, DDRFuzz showed the best performance compared with the state-of-the-art studies in terms of fuzzing efficiency.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.6
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• pp.33-59
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to analyze the symbolic meaning of the Tiger in Korean Folk Paintings, Minhwa, (hereafter, Minhwa) connected to its social contexts in Joseon period. Thinking of the Tiger Minhwa as a 'visual language' and regard the Tiger as a 'visual signifier' as well as the united-signifiers such as a Korean magpie, pine tree and so on in Minhwa. This research is to analyze these signifieds, 'Signified', what we say in this paper, have composed its symbolic meaning related to the social 'ideological complexes' and collective consciousness during Joseon period. In a word, the characteristic of the Tiger signifier has changed and spread out from the ideal trend to a worldly one. Since the late Joseon period, the change of the social contexts was, because of the civil classes who recognized the limitation of the Sung Confucianism(the doctrines of $Chi-Tz\={u}$), the predominated ideology of that time. To get rid of their uneasiness, they brought the Shamanism, Taoism and Buddhism at the front which were usually the lower class ideology or belief and tried to construct the collective consciousness and safety of their real lives. Therefore, the trend of this 'common conceptualization' show us the positiveness and flexibility to the Tiger signifier through the variation, appropriation and producing signifier. Moreover, even to the same Tiger, there were various meanings and most of them were concentrated in the meanings as follows ; Beoksa(in Korean term is to drive away evil spirits) and Gilsang, which is the good omen of a luck. All these were based on the value of 'this world'. In conclusion, through this research, the concept of the Tiger as a apotheosis has lowered its statutes and being secularized.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.1-17
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• 2002

In this paper, we present our experiences in using symbolic model checker(SMV) to analyze a number of properties of RACE cache coherence protocol designed by ETRI(Electronics and Communications Research Institute) and to verify that RACE protocol satisfies important requirements. To investigate this, we specified the model of the RACE protocol as the input language of SMV and specified properties as a formula in temporal logic CTL. We successfully used the symbolic model checker to analyze a number of properties of RACE protocol. We verified that abnormal state/input combinations was not occurred and every possible request of processors was executed correctly We verified that RACE protocol satisfies liveness, safety and the property that any abnormal state/input combination was never occurred. Besides, We found some ambiguities of the specification and a case of starvation that the protocol designers could not expect before. By this verification experience, we show advantages of model checking method. And, we propose a new method to generate automatically test cases which are used in simulation and testing.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.131
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• pp.223-244
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• 2014

In this paper, the author interprets Juyeok (The Book of Changes) as a philosophical book on self-culture instead of a book on divination. Juyeok, originally, was a book on divination written to tell fortunes; however, it has been a rich source producing the discourse of the humanities. This is because it has a unique system of linguistic symbols. Gwae-Hyo (Hexagrams and Horizontal Lines) system of Juyeok has a number of symbolic features, and there is too much room for new philosophical, cultural interpretations. Thus, Juyeok can be applied to any information and events, and it can, accordingly, help solve the problems of life we are facing. Moreover, Juyeok's unique characteristics are revealed very well in active intervention of persons who read and interpret it. Carl Gustav Jung is the very person who argued that one should interpret Juyeok through this active intervention. In the foreword of Juyeok translated by Richard Wilhelm, he mentions a possibility of the interpretation of Juyeok applying 'synchronicity.' According to him, Juyeok is a material not to predict the future or tell the fate ordained, but to look back on oneself or find the solutions of problems oneself. It allows the inquirer to interpret Gwae-Hyo-Sa (Explanations) not simply through the result of fortune-telling but the act of telling one's fortune. He applies 'synchronicity' to the finding of answers to one's problems in the given Gwae-Hyo-Sa. Synchronicity refers to 'the principle of non-causal relationship explaining a phenomenon of meaningful coincidence.' Here, simultaneity, unlike contingency the principle of causality refers to, means 'meaningful coincidence.' He presents a theory that the divination signs derived from Gwae-Hyo-Sang (Images) through synchronicity is a reflection of the psychology of the unconscious the fortune-teller or a man who receives the results of the divination signs has under certain circumstances on the outside. This is because Jung interprets it like this because the way of communication of Juyeok using symbolic language is not direct but indirect. Juyeok's system of symbolic language aims not at delivering objective knowledge, but the reader's self-transformation. This point can be applied in clinical philosophy. People who suffer from agony and pain in their daily lives may find meaningful and helpful advice for themselves no matter what Gwae-Hyo-Sa they choose in Juyeok. This is because it was originally hidden in their inner space and just revealed concretely through Gwae-Hyo-Sang or Gwae-Hyo-Sa in Juyeok. In this sense, we connect the meaning Gwae-Hyo-Sang or Sa contains from Juyeok to their circumstances, read counsel or advice needed ourselves and make it our own to be able to have power to change and help ourselves. And at this very point may be evaluated as an important role of Juyeok.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.51
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• pp.133-160
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• 2018

The films of Apichatpong Weerasethakul and Tsai Ming Liang expose one of the main features of modern Asian cinema: corporality. In their films, the various emotions of characters are expressed and exchanged through the body, not the language, so their film world is a world in which language has lost its function and symbolic order has collapsed. In Apichatpong Weerasethakul and Tsai Ming Liang movies, body language plays a more important role than general language. t=The body performs semiosis, pointing to wildness, anti-civilization, rite, alienation, illusion, etc. At the root of this variety of semiosis is the common denial of Western material civilization which has been rapidly transplanted in modern Asian countries. In addition, while the body of the two directors' films are seen as a sign of wildness, or anti-civilization that contains the intention of escaping from the oppressive and inhuman modern civilization, the body as a sign of illusion, and embraces the will of resistance to civilization. The illusion of experience in their films is ultimately a manifestation of the will to resist the physical and emotional pressures of reality and to continue the irrational persistence.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.113-125
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• 2018

Recently, with the advent of the Big Data era, we have gained the capability of acquiring vast amounts of knowledge from various fields. The collected knowledge is expressed by well-formed formula and in particular, OWL, a standard language of ontology, is a typical form of well-formed formula. The symbolic reasoning is actively being studied using large amounts of ontology data for extracting intrinsic information. However, most studies of this reasoning support the restricted rule expression based on Description Logic and they have limited applicability to the real world. Moreover, knowledge management for inaccurate information is required, since knowledge inferred from the wrong information will also generate more incorrect information based on the dependencies between the inference rules. Therefore, this paper suggests that the SWAT, knowledge management system should be combined with the SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language) reasoning based on ATMS (Assumption-based Truth Maintenance System). Moreover, this system was constructed by combining with SWRL reasoning and ATMS for managing large ontology data based on the distributed In-memory framework. Based on this, the ATMS monitoring system allows users to easily detect and correct wrong knowledge. We used the LUBM (Lehigh University Benchmark) dataset for evaluating the suggested method which is managing the knowledge through the retraction of the wrong SWRL inference data on large data.