• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.118-125
• /
• 2012

World population has increased rapidly following the industrial revolution, reaching 7 billion in 2012. Several forecasts estimate that this number will rise to about 8 billion in 2025. Improvements of living standards in developing nations have also raised resource and energy demands worldwide. In consequences, human beings have faced many global and urgent problems, such as global warming, water and food shortages, resource and energy crises, and so on. Many ocean utilization technologies for avoiding or reducing such big problems have been developed, for examples $CO_2$ ocean sequestration, seawater desalination, artificial upwelling, deepwater mining, and ocean energies. It is important, however, to assess such technologies from the viewpoints of sustainability and public acceptancy, since the aims of those technologies are to develop sustainable social systems rather than conventional ones based on fossil resources. Inclusive Marine Pressure Assessment and Classification Technology Research Committee (generally called IMPACT Research Committee) of Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers, has proposed Inclusive Impact Index "Triple I" as an indicator, which can predict both environmental sustainability and economical feasibility, in order to assess the ocean utilization technologies from the viewpoints of sustainability and public acceptancy. This index was considered by combining Ecological Footprint and Environmental Risk Assessment. The Ecological Footprint and the Environmental Risk Assessment are introduced in the first part of this paper. Then the concept and the structure of the Triple I are explained in the second part of this paper. Finally, the economy-ecology conversion factor in Triple I accounting is considered.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.472-483
• /
• 2014

Major cities have strengthened their efforts to improve the environmental function of the urban forest through aspects of quantity and quality. Yet, it is difficult to propose both long-term improvement and management policy direction continuously due to a lack of evaluating method that social needs could be reflected. After all, effective strengthening of the function of an urban forest, composed of social and biotic environments, is essential to create evaluation criteria. Such data reflects a quantity variation and identifies the distribution and habitation of biotic sources as well. An assessment of utilization possibilities presents such values as a green connectivity, an ecological healthiness, and usage and access opportunities. Consequently, this research was executed to create an urban forest sustainability index that proposes a management and policy direction based on the evaluation of quantity and quality aspects. This study was processed by the following steps: a degree of importance of ecological aspect, a sub-classification index choice, and an examination of adequacy. This research was conducted from premises that urban forest had another functions comparisons to a natural forest. As a result, a criteria of sustainability should be considered to evaluate an ecological aspect, as well as the social and management aspects regarding human disturbance. This research is designed to develop an evaluation index for ecological aspect. In order to evaluate the ecological healthiness of an urban forest, a vegetation index considers aspects of related rarity, damage possibility, naturalness, area, and diversity. In a wildbird index-related study, forest duration and area were selected. Finally, a variance analysis is presented, inclusive of stability, naturalness, diversity, potentiality, and possibility of wildlife inhabitation, which is indicative of an urban forest sustainability index.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.1286-1294
• /
• 2011

This paper reviews the future directions and perspectives on the soil environmental researches in the 21 century. Previously, the principal emphasis of soil environmental researches had put on the enhancement of food and fiber productions. Beside the basic function of soil, however, the societal needs on soil resources in the 21st century have demands for several environmental and social challenges, occurring regionally or globally. Typical global issues with which soil science should deal include food security with increasing agronomic production to meet the exploding world population growth, adaptation and mitigation of climate change, increase of the carbon sequestration, supply of the biomass and bioenergy, securing the water resource and quality, protection of environmental pollution, enhancing the biodiversity and ecosystem health, and developing the sustainable farming/cropping system that improve the use efficiency of water and agricultural resources. These challenges can be solved through the sustainable crop production intensification (SCPI) or plant welfare concept in which soil plays a key role in solving the abovementioned global issues. Through implementation of either concept, soil science can fulfill the goal of the modern agriculture which is the sustainable production of crops while maintaining or enhancing the ecosystem function, quality and health. Therefore, directions of the future soil environmental researches should lie on valuing soil as an ecosystem services, translating research across both temporal and spatial scales, sharing and using data already available for other purposes, incorporating existing and new technologies from other disciplines, collaborating across discipline, and translating soil research into information for stakeholders and end users. Through the outcomes of these approaches, soil can enhance the productivity from the same confined land, increase profitability, conserve natural resource, reduce the negative impact on environment, enhance human nutrition and health, and enhance natural capital and the flow of ecosystem services. Soil is the central dogma, final frontier and new engine for the era of sustainability development in the $21^{st}$ century and thus soil environmental researches should be carried according to this main theme.

• Human Ecology Research
• /
• v.56 no.3
• /
• pp.233-246
• /
• 2018

Korean society is experiencing an increase in multicultural families and single households. The incidence of the MERS, epidemic in 2015, and the subsequent cases of child abuse have been major shocks to Korean society. In addition, there has been a steady increase in household debt, that is in danger of causing a serious crisis in the stability of our society and the family. The current demand for increased accountability in the democratic process is becoming an important topic. There is also an increased awareness of natural disaster preparation due to local earthquakes that have caused concern. At this point, the lifelong education in the home economics education field in Korea is in line with the changes and crises of various societies. Problems related to family life that have happened in the real life of learners stand in the place of the study with preventive character. It should provide the best alternative for family, home, and society, and help to overcome the problems of life. In order for lifelong education to respond to these social changes $vis-{\grave{a}}-vis$ Home Economics Education, it is necessary to develop: 'formation and improvement education of family relationship', 'crisis prevention and management coping ability training', 'safety education', 'learning communication and consensus processes', 'consumer culture education', 'ethics education on environment and resources', 'sustainability education', 'local education of family relationship', 'crisis prevention and management coping ability training', 'safety education', 'learning communication and consensus processes', 'consumer culture education', 'ethics education on environment and resources', 'sustainability education', 'local economic activation education', and other topics of lifelong education topics related to the field of Home Economics Education are required. Consequently, various related programs should be further developed and disseminated.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.381-396
• /
• 2010

It is essential to consider strategies, spatial planning, and reflection of sustainability for the creation of sound urban spaces. To this end, there is a need for plans that can secure better sustainability through strategic environmental assessment (SEA) of plans. This study examined the literature and available precedent to develop a SEA model for administrative plans for urban development including metropolitan plans, urban master plans and urban management plans. In the course of development of the model, environmental issues associated with the urban plans were analyzed by classifying them into ten categories, including "spatial planning," "conservation planning," "greenbelt systems," "habitats." and etc. according to their rank. Furthermore, those issues were reflected on the development of environmental evaluation indices for the plans. Overall and detailed environmental indices that can be applied to the administrative plans for urban development including metropolitan plans, urban master plans and urban management plans were devised for five stages: (1) Establishment of development goals and strategy, (2) Analysis of current status and characteristics, (3) Conceptualization of spatial structure, (4) Planning for each department, and (5) Execution and management. Sub plans are more detailed and concrete. Criteria based on the evaluation indices, when performing evaluations on plans based on each environmental assessment index in reference to experts and the literature, were used to forecast their effects, i.e. whether they had a positive, negative, or no effect or relationship, or whether their effects was uncertain. Based on the forecasts, this study then presents means to establish more improvable plans. Furthermore, by synthesis of the effects according to each index and integration of the process, plans were analyzed overall. This study reflects the characteristics of the present time period based on issues in the SEA process and techniques in upper level administrative plans being newly established, and presents them according to the stage of each plan. Furthermore, by forecasting the effect of plans by stage, this study presents proposals for improvement, and in this aspect, can be meaningful in promoting plan improvements through SEA.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.25 no.9
• /
• pp.1341-1348
• /
• 2016

The natural environment plays an important role not only in ecological sustainability, but also in human health. Growing attention has been focused on the health benefits of natural environments with increasing scientific evidence in this field. Urban green space has positive effects on individual and community health; thus, it is considered as social infrastructure. The natural environment promotes mental health by relieving psychological stress and depression. Physical health can be improved by experiencing nature, which reduces physiological stress and boosts the immune system. Several international initiatives have been undertaken to improve our understanding in this field and to utilize these benefits for health promotion. Interdisciplinary approaches are needed to promote human health through the natural environment in the fields of science, education, planning and policy.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.12-23
• /
• 2023

The goal of international development projects is to assist sustainable development in recipient countries through foreign aid from donor countries. However, despite the need for both countries to negotiate and work together from the initial stages to maintain sustainability after the project, clear guidelines or standards have not been established. Additionally, despite the need for donor countries, which are relatively advanced, to understand the situation of recipient countries, many projects are donor-centric and fail to prioritize the value of sustainability. Therefore, this study extracted economic, social, and environmental risks that threaten sustainability through literature review and proposed a sustainability framework based on these criteria. To validate framework, actual international development cases conducted by advanced donor countries such as Australia, the United States, and Japan, in collaboration with South Korea, were analyzed by applying content analysis with the reports, which covers the overall contents from the planning stage to the operation stage. Analysis of sustainability perspectives focused on economy, society and the environment, advanced donor countries emphasized (1) the importance of pre-assessment, (2) the need for coordination with the local population and communities despite the existence of donor-specific values, and (3) addressing economic considerations such as pre-operational and maintenance costs, social communication with the local population, and environmental considerations starting from the initial stages of construction regarding the treatment of pollutants as values to be improved. Compared to other advanced donor countries, the Republic of Korea should also focus on consultation with local residents to achieve social integration, and improve sustainability by deployment the managers in local sites for better negotiation.The proposed framework in this study will serve as a tool to enhance communication among the countries and the locals, with the expectation of increasing project efficiency and sustainability.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.81-91
• /
• 2019

The world is constantly endeavoring to reduce global $CO_2$ emissions by international agreements. However, in general, the public cannot be fully understood and it is difficult to know how to implement sustainable development. The purpose of the study is to explore the concept of Eco-School and to investigate the eco-friendly education program in order to prepare an environmental school design guidelines. In addition, an analysis of the UK's Green Certification Program(BREEAM) explores the sustainability of the educational environment and how it achieve the built environment. Furthermore, this study suggests ways to increase sustainability in education and design field. First, through the literature review, recent trends of eco-friendly school design will be analyzed and the concept with characteristics of Eco-School system should be examined. Second, the evaluation factors and application methods of BREEAM will be explored, and the correlation between Eco-School and BREEAM evaluation items by sustainable development goals of United Nations Development Program(UNDP) will be considered. Through the analysis of the BREEAM schools which are constructed in England based on the BREEAM New Construction 2018, design characteristics and methods of eco-friendly schools will be researched so this study suggest practical ways to contribute design guideline which enables to create the specific policy and design improvement of eco-friendly schools in Korea.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.207-217
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study was to understand and develop various environmental designs to play a key roles in urban design, so that public green spaces remain vital with future changes. Variability in space, ecology, and society were analyzed based on research of variable environmental spaces in 11 selected studies conducted locally and abroad since the 2010s. Moreover, landscape characteristics, design methods, and design strategies were analyzed accordingly for each case. The results of the study showed that variability in landscapes provided various possibilities for spatial change and satisfied people's functional needs for spatial use. In addition, variable environmental design greatly compensated for the defects by solving the issues associated with fixed landscapes by increasing the flexibility of use and adaptability to the environment. This study showed that variable design is applicable to public green spaces; environmental stress; and variability in architecture, the environment, and landscaping, and it contributes to enhancing the sustainability and resilience of the environment.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.458-476
• /
• 2023

This study analyzes previous research on 'The Self-Governance of the Commons' to overcome 'The Tragedy of the Commons', and derives elements for successful commons management. These factors are compared and analyzed with the social and economic attributes of the Jeju Haenyeo community, a successful community self-governance model. In addition, in the recently changing environment, it is revealed whether this internal community mechanism can be useful in the future. The goal is to reveal what social and economic factors will help the sustainability of the Jeju haenyeo community in the future. As a result of analyzing the internal operating mechanism of the Jeju haenyeo community, the production and distribution system that improves trust and reciprocity, the inherent sense of community, the division of roles between formal and informal organizations, and the institutionalized explicit and implicit norms within the organization served as internal and external strengths of community sustainability. However, the closure of the network, the crisis of productivity, the weakening of homogeneity, and the emergence of new subjects acted as internal and external weaknesses. In conclusion, for the sustainability of the Jeju Haenyeo community, it is necessary to reorganize the reproductive function of labor using the haenyeo school, to maintain clarity on the subject of livelihood and cultural transmission, and guarantee the income of Haenyeo.