Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management (한국건설관리학회논문집)

Korea Institute of Construction Engineering and Management (한국건설관리학회)
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Proposed Sustainability Risk Framework through the Analysis of Advanced Donor Countries' International Development Cases

선진 공여국의 국제개발 사례 분석 기반 지속가능성 리스크 프레임워크 제안

  • Lee, Kyung-Tae (Korea Research Institute for Construction Policy) ;
  • Kim, Ju-Hyung (Department of Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University)
  • Received : 2023.06.19
  • Accepted : 2023.10.12
  • Published : 2023.11.30
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Abstract

The goal of international development projects is to assist sustainable development in recipient countries through foreign aid from donor countries. However, despite the need for both countries to negotiate and work together from the initial stages to maintain sustainability after the project, clear guidelines or standards have not been established. Additionally, despite the need for donor countries, which are relatively advanced, to understand the situation of recipient countries, many projects are donor-centric and fail to prioritize the value of sustainability. Therefore, this study extracted economic, social, and environmental risks that threaten sustainability through literature review and proposed a sustainability framework based on these criteria. To validate framework, actual international development cases conducted by advanced donor countries such as Australia, the United States, and Japan, in collaboration with South Korea, were analyzed by applying content analysis with the reports, which covers the overall contents from the planning stage to the operation stage. Analysis of sustainability perspectives focused on economy, society and the environment, advanced donor countries emphasized (1) the importance of pre-assessment, (2) the need for coordination with the local population and communities despite the existence of donor-specific values, and (3) addressing economic considerations such as pre-operational and maintenance costs, social communication with the local population, and environmental considerations starting from the initial stages of construction regarding the treatment of pollutants as values to be improved. Compared to other advanced donor countries, the Republic of Korea should also focus on consultation with local residents to achieve social integration, and improve sustainability by deployment the managers in local sites for better negotiation.The proposed framework in this study will serve as a tool to enhance communication among the countries and the locals, with the expectation of increasing project efficiency and sustainability.

국제개발 사업은 공여국의 해외원조를 통해서 수원국의 지속가능한 개발을 돕는 것을 목표로 한다. 그러나 프로젝트 이후의 지속가능성을 유지하기 위해서는 초기단계에서부터 양 국가가 협상하면서 나아가야 함에도 불구하고 명확한 가이드라인이나 기준이 세워지지 않았다. 또한 상대적으로 선진국인 공여국에서 수원국의 상황을 이해하면서 프로젝트를 진행해야함에도 불구하고, 공여국 중심의 프로젝트를 진행하다보니 지속가능성의 가치를 중시하지 못한 경우가 많다. 이에 본 연구는 이론고찰을 통해 지속가능성을 위협하는 경제적, 사회적, 환경적 리스크를 추출하고, 해당 기준들을 기반으로 협상 프레임워크를 제안하였다. 본 프레임워크를 검증하기 위해 실질적으로 선진공여국(호주, 미국, 일본)과 대한민국이 진행한 국제개발 사례들을 분석하였으며, 각 국가의 강조하는 관점을 본 프레임워크를 기준으로 경제, 사회, 환경적 관점에서 분석하였다. 각 국가에서 공유한 계획단계부터 운영단계까지 전체적인 내용을 다룬 보고서를 내용분석한 결과, 선진 공여국이 지속가능성을 유지하기 위해서는 공통적으로 (1) 사전조사의 중요성이 강조되어야 하며 (2) 공여국만의 중점적 가치가 존재함에도 수원국의 국민 및 해당 커뮤니티와의 조율이 필수적이며 (3) 선진국의 보완해야할 가치로는, 경제적으로는 사전 운영 및 유지비용의 고려, 사회적으로는 수원국민들과의 소통, 그리고 환경적으로는 시공 초기 단계에서부터 고려되어야하는 오염물질의 처리가 중요함을 파악하였다. 이와 관련지어 대한민국은 지역 주민들과의 협의도 중시하여 사회적 통합을 이뤄야하며, 현지관리자의 배치를 통한 바른 협상을 통해 지속가능성을 향상시켜야 할 것이다. 본 연구에서 제안한 프레임워크는 양 국가와 현지인들과의 의사소통을 향상시키는 도구로 활용될 것이며 이를 통해 프로젝트 만족도와 지속가능성을 높일 것으로 기대한다.

Keywords

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