• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.87-93
• /
• 2010

화재 시 피난 및 소화활동에 큰 지장을 초래하고, 인명안전에 가장 큰 위협이 되고 있는 연기의 제어를 위한 제연시스템의 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 국내에서는 고층 건축물의 화재 시 피난계단으로의 연기 침투를 방지하여 안전한 피난경로를 확보하기 위하여 화재안전기준 NFSC501A의 "특별피난계단의 계단실 및 부속실 제연설비의 화재안전기준"이 제시되어 있으며, 이를 위하여 국내에서 일반적으로 사용하고 있는 방법이 제연용 송풍기와 수직풍도를 이용하여 거실과 계단실 사이에 위치하는 부속실에 외기를 급기함으로써 부속실을 단독으로 제연하는 급기가압 제연시스템이다. 본 연구에서는 20층 규모의 모델 건축물을 대상으로 NFSC501A 기준과 엔지니어링 설계방안을 바탕으로 급기가압제연시스템을 설계하였으며, 네트워크 모델의 수치해석기법을 사용하여 급기가압 제연시스템에 의해 형성되는 건축물 내 압력장을 분석 하였다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.193-204
• /
• 2013

The growing logistics strategy of a company is to optimize their vehicle route scheduling in their supply chain system. It is very important to analyze for continuous pickups and delivery vehicle scheduling. This paper is a computational study to investigate the effectiveness of continuous pickups and delivery vehicle routing problems. These scheduling problems have 3 subproblems; Inbound Vehicle Routing Problem with Makespan and Pickup, Line-haul Network Problem, and Outbound Vehicle Routing Problem with Delivery. In this paper, we propose 5 heuristic Algorithms; Selecting Routing Node, Routing Scheduling, Determining Vehicle Type with Number and Quantity, and Modification Selecting Routing Node. We apply these Algorithms to S vehicle company. The results of computational experiments demonstrate that proposed methods perform well and have better solutions than other methods considering the basic time and due-date.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2013

Rats and mice are commonly used in experimental laboratories and anesthetic drugs are important for researchers to understand the details. Administration of fluids helps to stabilize the experimental animals before anesthesia via intravenously through the lateral vein in rats and in case of difficulty in catheterization and maintenance, fluids are usually administered as boluses. Large volumes of cool fluids will rapidly lead to hypothermia and all parenteral fluids must be warmed to body temperature before administration. Premedication with a sedative may ease induction with volatile anesthetic drugs. The first choice for rodent anesthesia is complete inhalational anesthesia. The second option is using injectable anesthesia. Recovery from the volatile agents that have been used rapid when the agent is no longer administered. Anesthetic monitoring equipment is an infant-size bell sthethoscope that can be used to ausculate the heart and lungs. Supplemental heating should be provided to reduce the heat loss supply and maintain core body temperature. The kinds of drugs, characteristics, route of administration and care after surgery were reviewed and summarized from the references. Anesthetic drugs, maintenance, monitoring and aftercare are important in the laboratories to keep the animal safe in all experimental procedures.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
• /
• 제8권6호
• /
• pp.439-444
• /
• 2015

통신, 교통, 전력 및 물 공급 시스템과 같은 사회 인프라 시스템은 이제 구성 요소 장애, 보안 공격과 자연 재해 등을 포함하여 다양한 종류의 위협에 직면하고 있다. 이러한 바람직하지 못한 사건이 발생할 때마다, 사회 기반의 기능정지시간이 사회에 치명적인 결과를초래하기 때문에 가능한 한 빨리 시스템을 복구하는 것이 중요하다. 특히 네트워크상에서의 장애가 발생했을 때, 링크 장애를 자동적으로 복구해야 그 피해를 최소화 할 수 있다. 또한 네트워크 장애시 고객이 인식하기 전에 서비스가 복구 될 수 있게 하면 그 효과는 더 클 것이다. 본 논문에서는 네트워크에서의 자동복구성과 비용사이의 관계를 분석한다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제46권1호
• /
• pp.121-131
• /
• 2004

Transportation and logistics of agricultural products have been one of the major interests of many researches. Most of researches have been limited to presuming these as a first dimensional process or considering only economic value of agricultural products at each stage of logistics. However, the particular characteristics of agricultural products, such as quality change during transportation or extensively scattered origins, require examining these problems as a whole system. Network model has been adopted to represent nodes, which stand for spatial location of demand and supply of agricultural products, and communication between these nodes. Based on network theory and advanced marketing potential function, an optimal routes selection model is developed. The model employed network simplex method for routes optimization. The application of the model focused on transportation network organization to reflect different market prices for different locations and resulted in optimum routes and profit improvement of the applied agricultural product.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제31권9호
• /
• pp.1305-1310
• /
• 2021

Shikimate is a key high-demand metabolite for synthesizing valuable antiviral drugs, such as the anti-influenza drug, oseltamivir (Tamiflu). Microbial-based strategies for shikimate production have been developed to overcome the unstable and expensive supply of shikimate derived from traditional plant extraction processes. In this study, a microbial cell factory using Corynebacterium glutamicum was designed to overproduce shikimate in a fed-batch culture system. First, the shikimate kinase gene (aroK) responsible for converting shikimate to the next step was disrupted to facilitate the accumulation of shikimate. Several genes encoding the shikimate bypass route, such as dehydroshikimate dehydratase (QsuB), pyruvate kinase (Pyk1), and quinate/shikimate dehydrogenase (QsuD), were disrupted sequentially. An artificial operon containing several shikimate pathway genes, including aroE, aroB, aroF, and aroG were overexpressed to maximize the glucose uptake and intermediate flux. The rationally designed shikimate-overproducing C. glutamicum strain grown in an optimized medium produced approximately 37.3 g/l of shikimate in 7-L fed-batch fermentation. Overall, rational cell factory design and culture process optimization for the microbial-based production of shikimate will play a key role in complementing traditional plant-derived shikimate production processes.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2019

In this paper, we propose the algorithms which determine 1) the efficient anchor-node visiting route of mobile sink in terms of energy supply and 2) the efficient energy amount to be charged to each anchor node, by using the information of each anchor node and the mobile sink. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) using mobile sinks can be deployed in more challenging environments such as those that are isolated or dangerous, and can also achieve a balanced energy consumption among sensors which leads to prolong the network lifetime. Most mobile sinks visit only some anchor nodes which store the data collected by the nearby sensor nodes because of their limited energy. The problem of these schemes is that the lifetime of the anchor nodes can be shorten due to the increased energy consumption, which rapidly reduces the overall lifetime of WSN. This study utilizes a mobile sink capable of wireless power transmission to solve this problem, so a mobile sink can gather data from anchor nodes while charging energy to them. Through the performance verification, it is confirmed that the number of blackout nodes and the amount of collected data are greatly improved regardless of the size of the network.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.65-75
• /
• 2021

Purpose: During the pandemic, a large number of orders forced online retailers of fresh produce to quickly change their emergency logistics capabilities to meet the needs of ordinary consumers during the pandemic. Our research aims to help online retailers establish an emergency physical distribution framework for fresh produce during disasters to meet consumer needs. Research design and methodology: 160 effective responses were collected from the online response team in Wuhan, China, and exploratory factor analysis was used to determine the emergency logistics capability framework. Twelve experts were invited online to collect their scoring opinions and use the entropy method to determine the importance of emergency logistics capabilities. Results: Our results have identified a total of 17 emergency logistics factors for online retailers, and we found that Transportation route planning and reconstruction capabilities, Emergency plan planning ability, and Supply chain real-time information sharing capability are the most important in the overall framework. Conclusions: This research completely established the physical distribution framework of fresh agricultural products online retailer in emergency situations. It enriches academic resources in the field of emergency distribution and provides a scientific basis for corporate managers to improve their physical distribution capabilities in emergency situations.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.377-389
• /
• 2022

The current global energy supply depends heavily on fossil fuels. This makes technology such as direct water splitting from harvesting solar energy in photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems potentially attractive due to its a promising route for environmentally benign hydrogen production. In this study, undoped and nickel-doped molybdenum oxide photoanodes (called photoanodes S₁ and S₂ respectively) were synthesized through electrodeposition by applying -1.377 V vs Ag/AgCl (3 M KCl) for 3 hours on an FTO-coated glass substrate immersed in molibdatecitrate aqueous solutions at pH 9. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used for microstructural and compositional characterizations of the photoanodes. In addition, the optical and photoelectrochemical characterizations of these photoanodes were performed by UV-Visible spectroscopy, and linear scanning voltammetry (LSV) respectively. The results showed that all the photoanodes produced exhibit conductivity and catalytic properties that make them attractive for water splitting application in a photoelectrochemical cell. In this context, the photoanode S₂ exhibited better photocatalytic activity than the photoanode S₁. In addition, photoanode S₂ had the lowest optical band-gap energy value (2.58 eV), which would allow better utilization of the solar spectrum.

• 한국지리정보학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.161-173
• /
• 2015

고령인구와 장애인구의 사회경제적 활동증가로 교통약자를 위한 교통수단 보장의 필요성이 점차 증대되고 있다. 이에 따라 2013년 3월 정부는 교통약자를 위한 교통수단의 편리성을 제고하기 위해 법제도적 측면의 '교통약자의 이동편의 증진법'을 일부개정 하였다. 개정된 법 내용에는 이동편의시설의 설치기준과 설치대상 지원에 관한 사항을 명시하고 있다. 그러나 교통약자를 위한 저상버스 운행노선 조정에 관한 사항은 포함되지 않아 실제 교통약자의 통행특성이 반영되지 않은 채저상버스가 운행되고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 교통약자의 거주분포와 통행목적을 분석하여 현재 운행하고 있는 저상버스 노선을 교통약자의 이용편리성 측면에서 평가하고 이를 바탕으로 저상버스 노선 조정안을 제시하였다. 교통약자 거주분포의 분석지표로는 부산광역시 도시재생사업 지원을 위한 커뮤니티 뉴딜 자료를 활용하였고, 통행목적의 분석지표로는 교통약자 대상의 설문조사와 교통약자 셔틀버스 노선현황을 바탕으로 분석하였다. 분석결과 교통약자의 이동수요가 높고, 방문지점과 접근성이 높은 그룹 A의 버스노선에 저상버스 운행률이 가장 낮게 나타났으며, 이동수요는 낮으나 방문지점과 접근성이 높은 그룹 C의 버스노선에 저상버스 운행률이 가장 높게 나타났다. 이는 교통약자의 통행수요와 저상버스 운행노선 현황이 상당 부분 불일치하며, 비효율적인 저상버스 배치라고 사료된다. 따라서 본 연구는 현재 운행 중인 저상버스 노선을 보다 효과적으로 배치하고자한다.