• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.348-355
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• 2020

Cyclophosphamide, a cytotoxic anticancer agent, induces immunosuppression and has several adverse effects. N-acetylcysteine alleviates oxidative stress, liver injury, and intestinal tissue damage. The present study examined whether N-acetylcysteine modulates the adverse effects of cyclophosphamide in pigs. Miniature pigs (n = 15) were used as an experimental model to evaluate the effects of N-acetylcysteine treatment on immune reactions, liver injury, and oxidative stress after cyclophosphamide challenge. Corn-soybean meal based dietary treatments were as follows: control diet with either saline injection, cyclophosphamide injection, or 0.5% N-acetylcysteine and cyclophosphamide injection. N-acetylcysteine increased the number of immune cells and decreased TNF-α production after cyclophosphamide injection and decreased TNF-α, IFN-γ, NF-κB, and IL-8 expression and increased IL-10 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Serum levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase decreased, superoxide dismutase activity increased, and malondialdehyde activity decreased following N-acetylcysteine treatment after cyclophosphamide injection. N-acetylcysteine decreases immunosuppression, liver injury, and oxidative stress in cyclophosphamide-challenged miniature pigs. The present study suggests that N-acetylcysteine has therapeutic application in livestock for modulating immune reactions, liver injury, and oxidative stress.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1027-1035
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• 2008

스쿠버 무감압한계 잠수환경에서의 반복 잠수 활동이 인체의 생리적 반응과 스트레스 호르몬에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 동일 장소와 수온 그리고 수심에서 잠수경력이 비슷한 다이버 8명을 대상으로 반복 잠수를 실시하였다. 잠수 전, 첫 잠수 후, 반복 잠수 후 개별 측정 및 채혈한 결과 생리적 반응은 심박수, 체온, 수축기 혈압이 잠수 전과 첫 잠수 후, 반복 잠수 후 간의 유의한 차이가 있었고 이완기 혈압은 잠수 전과 첫 잠수 후에는 증가하였으나 반복 잠수 후에는 다시 감소하여 유의한 차이가 없었다. 스트레스 호르몬 변화에서는 잠수 전, 첫 잠수 후, 반복 잠수 후의 유의한 차이가 없었다. 스포츠 스쿠버 잠수표 계획에 따른 무감압 한계 반복 잠수 활동은 심박수, 체온, 수축기혈압을 감소시키는 반면 스트레스 호르몬에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 안전한 다이빙을 위해서는 보다 많은 생리학적 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.383-396
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• 2001

This study was designed to investigate the effects of the progressive muscle relaxation on behavioral states and emotional reactions of adolescent athletes. The participants were 167 adolescent male soccer players aged between 12 and 18 who were junior or high school students in Seoul. Ninety-three of them were assigned to the experimental group, while seventy-four to the control group. The experimental group was treated by 10 sessions (20 min./session) of Jacobson's progressive muscle relaxation for two weeks, while the control group was not treated. The self and observer reported behavioral states, general stress by visual analogue scale, physical symptoms of stress, athletic stress, state anxiety, depression, self-esteem were measured before and after two weeks of the progressive muscle relaxation. The results were as follows ; 1. The self and observer reported behavioral states were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group. 2. The general stress and the gastrointestinal symptoms of stress were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group. No significant difference on athletic stress was found between the two groups. The depression and the state anxiety were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group. The self-esteem was significantly increased in the experimental group compared with the control group. 3. The influential factors on behavioral state of adolescent male athlete were depression and state anxiety. The accelerating factor on behavioral state change after the progressive muscle relaxation was state anxiety. These results are suggested that the progressive muscle relaxation could be effective in stabilizing behavioral state, decreasing general stress, gastrointestinal symptoms of stress, depression, state anxiety, in increasing self-esteem of adolescent male athletes. And the behavioral state change after the progressive muscle relaxation was influenced by state anxiety.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.11-17
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• 1983

Stress distribution under a driving lugged wheel was obtained by photoelastic method. The distribution showed two distinct parts, one part is due to sinkage and other due to compression. Results of the study are summarized as follows. 1. The tangential reactions of sinkage as well as compressing parts were directly proportional to tangential load to the driving wheel, that's appeared to be thrust of the driving wheel. The normal reactions of both sinkage and compressing parts were directly proportional to the vertical load to the driving wheel, that's appeared to be resistance against wheel motion. 2. When the tangential load was constant, changing the vertical load did not show any significant thrust variation of the driving wheel. 3. Under the condition of this experiment, the ratio of vertical load to tangential load (T.L/V.L) must be greater than 1.0 in order for the wheel to roll.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.103-118
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• 2008

Antioxidants are compounds that protect cells against the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Some ROS, such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, are normally produced in cells as by-products of biochemical reactions or as signaling molecules. When ROS-generating reactions are activated excessively, pathological quantities of ROS are released to create an imbalance between antioxidants and ROS, called as oxidative stress. Oxidative stress, which may result in cellular damage, has been linked to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and other degenerative conditions. In humans the first line of antioxidant defence are the antioxidant enzymes, especially SOD, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and to a lesser extent catalase, as well as the tripeptide glutathione(GSH). These enzymes will help destroy ROS(reactive oxygen species) such as hydroxyl radical, $H_2O_2$ and lipid peroxides, while GSH protects against oxidized protein. Many herbal medicines possess antioxidant properties. Herbal antioxidants may protect against these diseases by contributing to the total antioxidant defense system of the human body. Here, many herbal medicines including Ginseng, Licorice, Ligusticum Chuanxiong, Ginkgo biloba and many others was reviewed in terms of anti-oxidant efficiency related to their components.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.501-509
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify job stress experienced by head nurses of general hospitals. Methods: Data was collected from 10 head nurses with in-depth interviews about their actual experiences. The main questions were when, why, and from whom they get stress in the work field; how they are affected by the stressful situation; and how they cope with this stress. All the interviews were recorded and transcribed. The collected data was analyzed using a consistent comparative data analysis method. Results: Job stress of head nurse was formed by 3 axis; causes, reactions, and coping strategies in complicated situational context such as human relationship, culture of hospital, individual characteristics, social support. Conclusion: The results of this study yields very useful information for nursing mangers to identify, by stages, the demands of the head nurses in their role adaptation process. The findings of this study contributes to developing programs and supportive policies that palliates the head nurses' job stress.

• BMB Reports
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2010

Modification of proteins by the reversible covalent addition of the small ubiquitin like modifier (SUMO) protein has important consequences affecting target protein stability, sub-cellular localization, and protein-protein interactions. SUMOylation involves a cascade of enzymatic reactions, which resembles the process of ubiquitination. In this study, we characterized the SUMOylation system from an important crop plant, rice, and show that it responds to cold, salt and ABA stress conditions on a protein level via the accumulation of SUMOylated proteins. We also characterized the transcriptional regulation of individual SUMOylation cascade components during stress and development. During stress conditions, majority of the SUMO cascade components are transcriptionally down regulated. SUMO conjugate proteins and SUMO cascade component transcripts accumulated differentially in various tissues during plant development with highest levels in reproductive tissues. Taken together, these data suggest a role for SUMOylation in rice development and stress responses.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.64-71
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• 1995

Cognitive-behavioral approach can be clinically applied to coping with stress, because cognitions are playing a central mediating role in the occurances of stress and stress reactions. In other words, cognitive distortions can be associated with causing and/or maintaining psychopathology. The goal of cognitive-behavioral approach is to help the patients identify and alter cognitive distortions and maladaptive assumptions. This approach is aimed not at curing but rather at helping the patients to develop better coping strategies to deal with their life and work. The cognitive-behavioral techniques often used in this approach include problem solving, hypothesis-testing, self-monitoring, cognitive challenges, generating alternatives to automatic cognitive distortions, self-instruction, attribution and reattribution, and techniques to control or suppress thoughts. This approach is considered to be helpful for treatment and prevention of psychiatric disorders including psychosomatic disorders, in which stress can greatly affect their onset and course.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.1373-1376
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• 2000

The peroxidation status of tissues was estimated in broilers under acute or chronic heat stress ($32^{\circ}C$, 24 h, $5{\times}24h$) in the present study. The results showed that the lipid peroxide (LPO) concentrations in plasma and liver were elevated (p<0.05) by acute heat stress, and were not influenced in kidney (p>0.05). At the same time, no significant change of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the liver, kidney or plasma was observed. Under chronic heat exposure, the SOD activity in liver was increased (p<0.05) and the LPO concentrations in the liver and plasma were restored to the normal levels. The LPO level in kidney was not affected by chronic heat stress (p>0.05), but SOD activity was significantly decreased (p<0.01). The results suggested that the peroxidation was induced by acute heat stress and disappeared along with the time of heat exposure, and the peroxidation reactions were different among tissues.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2006

The study aimed to determine the effects of Early Childhood STEP on parenting stress and child's behavior. The study subjects were 29 Korean mothers and their child. The researcher translated the Parent's guide of the Early Childhood STEP into Korean, along with the video tapes for parents. The experimental group was educated with the Early Childhood STEP program (lecture, reading educational material, discussion, watching video). To determine the pre- and post-test differences of parenting stress and infant behavior, t-test was used. The results are presented below. First, Early Childhood STEP exhibited a decreasing effect on the parenting stress of mothers. Second, STEP exhibited a decreasing effect on the infant behavior, particularly the behaviors in the areas of incapability, revenge, and power reactions.